A Comparative Study of Sleep Quality and Anxiety Levels Among Pregnant and Non-pregnant Women

Abstract

Abstract Purpose: The objective of this study was to compare sleep quality and anxiety levels between pregnant and non pregnant women, while specifically examining the relationship between sleep disturbances and anxiety during the gestational and postpartum periods. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2014 and August 2015 at the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic of Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Türkiye. Data were collected from 200 pregnant women in the third trimester and 200 non-pregnant women using a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Fear of Childbirth and Postpartum Period Scale (FCPPS). Results: Poor sleep quality was observed in 73% of pregnant women and 47% of non-pregnant women (p<0.001). Pregnant women had significantly higher PSQI total scores and scores for subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, and sleep disturbances than non-pregnant women (p<0.05). Nulliparous pregnant women demonstrated significantly higher FCPPS scores than multiparous women (p<0.05). Higher anxiety scores were observed among pregnant women experiencing back pain and leg cramps (p<0.05). Concerns related to labor, lack of partner support after birth, and pre-traumatic worries were significantly higher in pregnant women than in non-pregnant women (p<0.05). No statistically significant correlation was found between PSQI and FCPPS scores among pregnant women (p=0.098). Conclusion: Pregnant women experienced poorer sleep quality than non-pregnant women, and nulliparous women exhibited higher levels of childbirth- and postpartum-related anxiety. The absence of a significant association between sleep quality and anxiety suggests that sleep disturbances during pregnancy may be influenced by physiological factors independent of psychological anxiety. Keywords: Pregnancy, sleep quality, anxiety, postpartum period.

Keywords

• Pregnancy
• sleep quality
• anxiety
• postpartum period.

Supporting Institution

This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Ethical Statement

This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Eskişehir Osmangazi University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Approval No: 2014/02). Prior to data collection, institutional permission was obtained from a tertiary training and research hospital in the Central Anatolia Region of Türkiye. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before enrollment. Participation was voluntary, and confidentiality and anonymity were maintained throughout the study.

Thanks

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my dear mother and beloved spouse for their constant support and encouragement throughout this study.

Gebe ve Gebe Olmayan Kadınlarda Uyku Kalitesi ve Anksiyete Düzeylerinin Karşılaştırmalı Olarak İncelenmesi

Abstract

Özet Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, gebe ve gebe olmayan kadınlar arasındaki uyku kalitesi ve anksiyete düzeylerini karşılaştırmak; ayrıca gebelik, doğum ve doğum sonu döneme ilişkin uyku bozuklukları ile anksiyete arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Yöntem: Bu tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel çalışma, Kasım 2014 ile Ağustos 2015 tarihleri arasında Türkiye’de Kayseri Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Kliniğinde yürütülmüştür. Veriler, üçüncü trimesterde bulunan 200 gebe kadın ile 200 gebe olmayan kadından sosyo-demografik bilgi formu, Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi İndeksi (PUKİ) ve Doğum ve Doğum Sonrası Döneme İlişkin Endişeler Ölçeği (DDSEÖ) kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Kötü uyku kalitesi gebelerin %73'ünde, gebe olmayan kadınların ise %47'sinde saptanmıştır (p<0.001). Gebe kadınların PUKİ toplam puanları ile öznel uyku kalitesi, uykuya dalma süresi ve uyku bozuklukları alt boyut puanları gebe olmayan kadınlara göre anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Nullipar gebelerin FCPPS toplam puanları multipar gebelere göre anlamlı derecede daha yüksektir (p<0.05). Sırt ağrısı ve bacak krampları yaşayan gebelerde anksiyete puanlarının anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0.05). Doğum sürecine ilişkin kaygılar, doğum sonrasında eş desteğinin yetersiz olacağına yönelik endişeler ve travma öncesi kaygılar gebe kadınlarda gebe olmayan kadınlara kıyasla anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Gebe kadınlarda PUKİ puanları ile DDSEÖ puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmamıştır (p=0.098). Sonuç: Gebe kadınların uyku kalitesi gebe olmayan kadınlara göre daha düşük bulunmuştur, nullipar gebelerde doğum ve doğum sonu döneme ilişkin anksiyete düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Uyku kalitesi ile anksiyete arasında anlamlı bir ilişkinin bulunmaması, gebelikte görülen uyku bozukluklarının psikolojik anksiyeteden bağımsız olarak fizyolojik faktörlerden de etkilenebileceğini düşündürmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Gebelik, uyku kalitesi, anksiyete, postpartum dönem.

Keywords

• Gebelik
• uyku kalitesi
• anksiyete
• postpartum dönem.

Supporting Institution

Bu araştırma kamu, ticari veya kâr amacı gütmeyen herhangi bir kuruluştan özel bir finansal destek almamıştır.

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma Helsinki bildirgesi ilkelerine uygun olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın etik onayı, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Girişimsel Olmayan Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu’ndan (Karar No: 2014/02) alınmıştır. Veri toplama sürecine başlamadan önce, Kayseri Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi’nden kurum izni alınmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan tüm katılımcılara çalışmanın amacı hakkında bilgi verilmiş ve yazılı bilgilendirilmiş onamları alınmıştır. Araştırmaya katılım gönüllülük esasına dayalı olup, araştırma sürecinde katılımcıların gizliliği ve anonimliği korunmuştur.

Thanks

Bu çalışma sürecinde her zaman yanımda olan, desteklerini ve sevgilerini esirgemeyen değerli anneme ve sevgili eşime teşekkür ederim.

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