Cereals and Pseudo-cereals in terms of Chemical Composition

Year 2020, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 52 - 60, 06.04.2020

Gizem Coşkun , Bilge Bahar

Abstract

Cereals are of particular importance as they are the main foodstuffs; in addition to meeting the absolute needs of people in their daily nutrition, it has an important place in the economy of most countries due to its contribution to national income, job employment, trade, agriculture and agriculture-based industries. Cereals are the main foodstuffs in both human and animal nutrition. People from different countries meet their basic nutrients from different kinds of cereals. For example, wheat in Western and Central Europe, the Mediterranean countries, the Near East and America; Rye in East Germany, Poland, European Russia; Millet in Mongolian, Turkestan, North China and African countries; In the Far East, the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean are nourished with Rice. Recently, however, as an alternative to the cereals, pseudo-cereals such as buckwheat, chia, quinoa, amaranth have become attractive in terms of their gluten-free content as well as their high essential amino acid contents like lysine and tritophan. In this review, cereals, which play a very important role in human nutrition, and pseudo-cereals that may be alternative to them are compared in terms of chemical composition.

Keywords

Cereals, Pseudo-cereals

Kimyasal Bileşim Bakımından Tahıllar ve Tahılımsılar

Abstract

Tahıllar, temel gıda maddesi olması nedeniyle ayrı bir öneme sahip olup; insanların, günlük beslenmesinde mutlak gereksinimlerini karşılamasından başka, milli gelir, iş istihdamının sağlanması, ticaret, tarım ve tarıma dayalı sanayilere yaptığı katkılardan dolayı çoğu ülkenin ekonomisinde önemli yer tutmaktadır. Tahıllar hem insan hem de hayvan beslenmesinde temel gıda maddesi durumundadır. Değişik ülkelerin insanları, temel besinlerini değişik tahıl cinslerinden karşılarlar. Örnek olarak, Batı ve Orta Avrupa, Akdeniz ülkeleri, Yakın Doğu ve Amerika'da buğday; Doğu Almanya, Polonya, Avrupa Rusyası’nda çavdar; Afrika ülkelerinde, Moğolistan, Türkistan, Kuzey Çin'de darı; Uzak Doğuda, Hint Okyanusu ve Büyük Okyanus adalarında çeltik başı çekmektedir. Ancak son zamanlarda tahıllara alternatif olarak, karabuğday, chia, kinoa, amarant gibi tahılımsılar, glütensiz içeriklerinin yanısıra yüksek lizin ve tritofan gibi esansiyel amino asitler bakımından cazip hale gelmiştir. Bu derlemede, insan beslenmesinde çok önemli rol oynayan tahıllar ile onlara alternatif olabilecek tahılımsılar, kimyasal bileşim bakımından karşılaştırılmıştır.

Keywords

Tahıllar, Tahılımsılar

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