Biyolojik Silahlar Ve Biyoterörizm

Öz

Eylül 2001 tarihinde ABD’deki terörist saldırıdan sonra, tüm dünyada dikkatler biyolojik savaş ajanlarına ve biyoterörizm üzerine yoğunlaşmıştır. Biyolojik savaş veya biyoterörizm, mikroorganizmalar ve mikrobiyal, bitkisel veya hayvansal kökenli toksinlerin insan, hayvan ve bitkilerde hastalık oluşturmak ve ölüme neden olarak toplumda panik ve afet yaratmak amacıyla kasıtlı kullanımıdır. Biyolojik savaş ajanlarının terörist saldırılarda kullanılması, bu ajanların kolay elde edilebilmeleri ve düşük maliyetle büyük miktarlarda üretilebilmeleri, genel güvenlik sistemlerince saptanamamaları ve kolayca taşınabilmelerine bağlanabilir. Bu derlemede, biyolojik savaş ve biyoterörizm kavramları, biyolojik silah ajanlarının özellikleri, tarih içerisindeki gelişimi, uluslararası konvansiyonlar, kullanılan ajanların özellikleri ve biyolojik saldırı durumunda epidemiyolojik yaklaşım ve biyolojik savunmanın bileşenleri irdelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyolojik silahlar, biyoterörizm

Biological Weapons And Bioterrorism

Abstract

Since the terrorist attack on the United States in September 2001, attention has been focused on the threat ofbiological warfare and bioterrorism all over the world. Biological warfare or biological terrorism is the intentional useof microorganisms, and toxins, generally of microbial, plant or animal origin to produce disease and death in humans,livestock and crops, leading to disaster and panic in the community. The attraction of biological warfare agents foruse in terroristic attacks is attributed to easy access to a wide range of disease-producing biological agents, to theirlow production costs, to their non-detection by routine security systems, and to their easy transportation from oneplace to another. This review examines concept and history of biological war and bioterrorism, internationalconventions, agents of bioterrorism and their specifications, epidemiology of bioterrorist threat, and components ofbiological defence

Keywords

• Biological weapons, bioterrorism

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