Karabük Demir Çelik Fabrikası etrafından toplanan beş biyomonitor liken türünün ağır metal akümülasyonu ve karşılaştırmalı analizi

Abstract

Amaç: Beş biyomonitor liken türünün Evernia prunastri, Hypogymnia physodes, Pseudevernia furfuracea, Ramalina pollinaria, Usnea hirta ağır metal biriktirebilme yetisini incelemek amacıyla Karabük Demir Çelik fabrikası ile Yenice Ormanı arasındaki 10 istasyondan farklı beş liken türüne ait 10 örnek araştırılmıştır. Yöntem: Beş biyomonitor liken örneğinin her biri Karabük Demir Çelik fabrikası ile Yenice Ormanı arasındaki alandan her beş km’de bir alınmıştır. Çalışılan beş farklı liken türüne ait 10 liken örneğinde Atomik Absorpsiyon Spektrofotometre AAS cihazı kullanılarak sekiz ağır metal; Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb ve Zn analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Karabük Demir Çelik Fabrikası etrafından toplanan beş biyomonitor liken örneğinde atmosferdeki iz elementlerin akümülasyon kapasitesi karşılaştırılmıştır. İstasyon 1, 2, 7 ve 10 insan yoğunluğunun ve trafiğin fazla olduğu şehir merkezine en yakın olan yerdir. Atomik Absorpsiyon Spektrofotometresi ile yapılan analiz sonuçlarına göre, Zn elementi için P. furfuracea liken türünde istasyon yedi 40,628 µg/g ve 10 53,802 µg/g ’da çalışılan diğer liken örneklerine göre daha fazla ağır metal akümülasyonu olduğu gözlenmiştir. Sekizinci istasyonda H. physodes 4,56 µg/g ve E. prunastri 4,65 µg/g liken türlerinde Cr konsantrasyonu benzer miktarlarda tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Çalışmamızın sonuçları açığa çıkarmıştır ki; Evernia prunastri, Hypogymnia physodes, Pseudevernia furfuracea, Ramalina pollinaria ve Usnea hirta liken türleri incelenen tüm elementleri ciddi oranda biriktirme eğilimi gösterdiğini açığa çıkarmıştır. Bu çalışma ile seçilen liken türlerinin ağır metal biriktirebilmede ne kadar önemli oldukları gösterilmiştir

Keywords

• Hava kirliliği, ağır metal akümülasyonu, liken

Heavy metal accumulation of five biomonitor lichen species in the vicinity of the Karabük Iron and Steel Factory in Karabük, Turkey and their comparative analysis

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the suitability of five biomonitor lichen species Evernia prunastri, Hypogymnia physodes, Pseudevernia furfuracea, Ramalina pollinaria and Usnea hirta that were collected from Yenice Forest to the Karabük Iron and Steel Factory in Karabük, Turkey, from 10 sites. Method: Each of the five biomonitor lichen species was collected from every 5 kms starting from Yenice forest to iron steel factory. Accumulation of eight heavy metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in examined lichen species were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer AAS . Results: We have compared the capacity of five biomonitor lichen species to accumulate trace elements from the atmosphere which were collected from around the Karabük Iron and Steel Factory in Karabük, Turkey. Sites 1, 2, 7 and 10 were in the central parts of the city where human activities and density of traffic are very intense. Analytical studies by AAS demonstrated that the heavy metal accumulation capacity of P. furfuracea was significantly higher than other examined lichen species at sites 7 40.628 µg/g and 10 53.802 µg/g by considering Zn accumulation. At the site no 8, Cr concentrations of H. physodes 4.56 µg/g and E. prunastri 4.65 µg/g were observed at similar levels. Conclusion: Our results revealed that, Evernia prunastri, Hypogymnia physodes, Pseudevernia furfuracea, Ramalina pollinaria and Usnea hirta lichen species showed severe accumulation of all elements. This study demonstrated the importance of heavy metal accumulation in the selected lichen species.

Keywords

• Air pollution, heavy metal accumulation, lichen

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