A gastroenteritis outbreak caused by contaminated tap water, Akharim town, Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey, May 2014.

Volume: 73 Number: 3 September 1, 2016
  • Pınar Duman
  • Yasemin Demirbilek
  • Fatma Çelik
  • Mehmet Şenol
  • Ramazan Özçelik
  • Murat Koçkar
  • Serap Çetin Çoban
  • Fehminaz Temel
  • Mustafa Bahadır Sucaklı
  • Gülay Korukluoğlu
TR EN

A gastroenteritis outbreak caused by contaminated tap water, Akharim town, Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey, May 2014.

Abstract

Objective: On 8 May 2014, it has been reported that 395 persons who have suffered from abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea apply to health care institutions during the outbreak increase in gastroenteritis cases was reported from Akharım town, in Afyon province. We investigated the outbreak to determine its scope, source and mode of transmission and to provide prevention and control measures. Method: In order to find the cases the hospital records was investigated. It was identified as a suspected cases that was admitted to a hospital related to ICD-10 A09, R11, or K52 diagnosis codes of acute gastroenteritis. This cases have applied to health care instituttions between the dates of 05-12 May 2014 from Akharım town. A probable case was a suspected case having diarrhoea or vomiting. To test our hypothesis that “the source of the outbreak is the tap water contaminated with sewage and rain water”, we conducted a case-control study. Data including sociodemographic characteristics, symptoms, hospital admissions, symptom onset time, were collected by a face-to-face questionnaire consisted of 24 questions related to drinking-water consumption information. It has been collected stool and water samples to identify the agent. It has also compared the change in rainfall districts with the change in the number of cases.Results: It has been reached 292 cases and controls in the study. The attack rate in women 17.7% is higher than men 10.9% . The median age of suspected cases was 19 years Min-Max: 11 months-87 years . The cases were seen in all age groups, the highest attack rate has been detected in the 10-14 age groups 32.6% . The most common symptoms of possible cases were abdominal pain 89.8% , diarrhoea 89.8% , nausea 80.9% , vomiting 70.3% , and fever 67.5% . It was found when comparing cases to controls; the estimated relation risks of drinking tap water, neighbourhood water, drinking spring water and bottled water were 113. 5 95% CI: 32.9-649.0 ; 0.10 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.25 ; 0.10 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.30 , and 0.03 95% CI: 0.004 to 0.093 times higher in cases respectively. When taking bottled water as a reference; drinking tap water was 91 times higher in cases than controls ORadj=91.1, 95% CI: 12.4-666.4 . Two of nine stool samples were which has been examined were tested positive for Norovirüs GI-GII. It has been detected that superficial water has been used as drinking water source in this region. Moreover leakage has been fount in the pipeline system. 85% of water samples tested positive for E. coli and coliform bacteria. It was determined that 11 out of 16 water samples were found to have a high number of total coliform bacteria. Free chlorine level was 0 zero ppm in all samples. Conclusion: It was observed that outbreak stems from drinking contaminated tap water. It has been recommended that the water supply system should be thoroughly inspected, repaired and that the water should be supplied from underground water sources. In order to ensure public access to clean wate. The water supply should be chlorinated regularly.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

-

Journal Section

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Authors

Pınar Duman This is me

Yasemin Demirbilek This is me

Fatma Çelik This is me

Mehmet Şenol This is me

Ramazan Özçelik This is me

Murat Koçkar This is me

Serap Çetin Çoban This is me

Fehminaz Temel This is me

Mustafa Bahadır Sucaklı This is me

Gülay Korukluoğlu This is me

Publication Date

September 1, 2016

Submission Date

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Acceptance Date

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Published in Issue

Year 2016 Volume: 73 Number: 3

APA
Duman, P., Demirbilek, Y., Çelik, F., Şenol, M., Özçelik, R., Koçkar, M., Çetin Çoban, S., Temel, F., Sucaklı, M. B., & Korukluoğlu, G. (2016). A gastroenteritis outbreak caused by contaminated tap water, Akharim town, Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey, May 2014. Türk Hijyen Ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 73(3), 221-232. https://izlik.org/JA87RX45NE
AMA
1.Duman P, Demirbilek Y, Çelik F, et al. A gastroenteritis outbreak caused by contaminated tap water, Akharim town, Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey, May 2014. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. 2016;73(3):221-232. https://izlik.org/JA87RX45NE
Chicago
Duman, Pınar, Yasemin Demirbilek, Fatma Çelik, et al. 2016. “A Gastroenteritis Outbreak Caused by Contaminated Tap Water, Akharim Town, Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey, May 2014”. Türk Hijyen Ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 73 (3): 221-32. https://izlik.org/JA87RX45NE.
EndNote
Duman P, Demirbilek Y, Çelik F, Şenol M, Özçelik R, Koçkar M, Çetin Çoban S, Temel F, Sucaklı MB, Korukluoğlu G (September 1, 2016) A gastroenteritis outbreak caused by contaminated tap water, Akharim town, Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey, May 2014. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 73 3 221–232.
IEEE
[1]P. Duman et al., “A gastroenteritis outbreak caused by contaminated tap water, Akharim town, Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey, May 2014”., Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg, vol. 73, no. 3, pp. 221–232, Sept. 2016, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA87RX45NE
ISNAD
Duman, Pınar - Demirbilek, Yasemin - Çelik, Fatma - Şenol, Mehmet - Özçelik, Ramazan - Koçkar, Murat - Çetin Çoban, Serap - Temel, Fehminaz - Sucaklı, Mustafa Bahadır - Korukluoğlu, Gülay. “A Gastroenteritis Outbreak Caused by Contaminated Tap Water, Akharim Town, Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey, May 2014”. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 73/3 (September 1, 2016): 221-232. https://izlik.org/JA87RX45NE.
JAMA
1.Duman P, Demirbilek Y, Çelik F, Şenol M, Özçelik R, Koçkar M, Çetin Çoban S, Temel F, Sucaklı MB, Korukluoğlu G. A gastroenteritis outbreak caused by contaminated tap water, Akharim town, Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey, May 2014. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. 2016;73:221–232.
MLA
Duman, Pınar, et al. “A Gastroenteritis Outbreak Caused by Contaminated Tap Water, Akharim Town, Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey, May 2014”. Türk Hijyen Ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, vol. 73, no. 3, Sept. 2016, pp. 221-32, https://izlik.org/JA87RX45NE.
Vancouver
1.Pınar Duman, Yasemin Demirbilek, Fatma Çelik, Mehmet Şenol, Ramazan Özçelik, Murat Koçkar, Serap Çetin Çoban, Fehminaz Temel, Mustafa Bahadır Sucaklı, Gülay Korukluoğlu. A gastroenteritis outbreak caused by contaminated tap water, Akharim town, Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey, May 2014. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg [Internet]. 2016 Sep. 1;73(3):221-32. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA87RX45NE