Kemoreziztant rahim kanseri hücrelerinin TRAIL ve FAS aracılı apoptoz duyarlılıklarının radyasyon ile arttırılması

Öz

Amaç: Ölüm reseptörleri, ligandları ile etkileşime girerek apoptotik sinyallerini başlatmaktadır. Ancak over kanserinin gelişimi sürecinde ölüm reseptörlerinin ekspresyonu sıklıkla baskılanmaktadır ve son yıllarda over kanse hücrelerindeki ölüm reseptörlerini baskılanmasının kemoterapötik ilaçlara karşı oluşturulan direnç mekanizmaları ile ilişkili olduğu öne sürülmüştür. Radyoterapi çeşitli kanser tiplerinde yaygın bir tedavi yöntemidir ve düşük dozda iyonize radyasyonun tümörün mikro çevresini etkilediği rapor edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı ölümcül olmayan iyonize radyasyonun kemorezistan over kanseri hücrelerinde ölüm reseptörlerinin ekspresyonunu değiştirip değiştirmeyeceğinin belirlenmesi ve expresyonu arttırılmış ölüm reseptörlerinin TRAIL ya da FAS ligand FASL aracılı apoptozu arttırıp arttırmayacağının araştırılmasıdır. Yöntem: İlaca dirençli over kanseri hücrelerinde düşük dozlardaki radyasyona maruz bırakıldıktan sonra, kemoterapötik ilacın sisplatin kemosensitif ve kemorezistan over kanseri hücrelerinin canlılığını, ölüm reseptörlerinin hücresel expresyonunu ve FAS veya TRAIL aracılığıyla gerçekleşen apoptoz üzerine etkilerini saptamak amavıyla flow sitometri analizleri kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: İlaçlara duyarlılık gösteren A2780 hücreleri düşük dozdaki ilaca maruz kalmanın ardından ölmeye başladıkları halde yüksek dozdaki sisplatin muamelesinin ardından kemorezistan A2780-AD hücrelerinin büyük bir kısmı canlılığını sürdürmüştür. Sonuçlar 2 Gy yada 5 Gy iyonize radyasyonun çoklu ilaçlara dirençli A2780-AD over kanseri hücrelerinde ölüm reseptörlerinin, FAS ve DR4, expresyonunu arttırdığını göstermiştir. Veriler ölümcül olmayan iyonize radyasyon, kemorezistan over kanseri hücrelerinin FAS ve TRAIL aracılı apoptozu arttırdığını doğrulamıştır. Sonuç: Bu çalışma düşük doz radyasyon tedavisinin doğal olarak tümör hücrelerinin immünojenitisini arttırabileceğini ve anti-tümör immüniteyi indükleyebileceğini akla getirmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Over kanseri, kemoterapi, FAS, TRAIL, radyasyon

Enhancing sensitivity of chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells to TRAIL and FAS mediated apoptosis by radiation

Abstract

Objective: Death receptors initiate apoptotic signals following interaction with their cognate ligands. However, expressions of death receptors are often downregulated during ovarian cancer progression and it has been recently asserted that suppression of death receptors is associated with resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs in ovarian cancer cells. Radiotherapy is a common treatment modality for several cancer types and it has been reported that low-dose ionizing radiation modulates tumor microenvironment. The purpose of the present study is to determine if sublethal ionizing radiation will modulate the expression of common death receptors in chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells and to investigate if reversed expression of death receptors will enhance TRAIL or FAS ligand FASL mediated apoptosis. Methods: Flow cytometry analyses were performed to determine the effects of chemotherapeutic drug, cisplatin, on chemosensitive and chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells viability, cellular expressions of death receptors and TRAIL or FAS mediated apoptosis, following sub-lethal irradiation in drug resistant ovarian cancer cells. Results: The majority of chemoresistant A2780- AD cells remain viable following a high dose of cisplatin treatment, while the drug sensitive A2780 cells started to die following low dose drug exposure. The results have demonstrated that 2 Gy or 5 Gy ionizing radiation enhances expression of death receptors, FAS and DR4, in multi drug resistant A2780-AD ovarian cancer cells. The data further have confirmed that sub-lethal ionizing radiation increases FAS/TRAIL-mediated apoptosis of the chemoresistant ovarian tumor cells. Conclusion: This study has suggested that sublethal radiation treatment may simultaneously increase immunogenicity of tumor cells and the induction of antitumor immunity to chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells.

Keywords

• Ovarian cancer, chemoresistance, FAS, TRAIL, radiation

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