Aşkale-Erzurum Çimento fabrikası etrafında kirleticilere maruz kalmış dört farklı liken türü kullanılarak moleküler boyut da çevresel risk değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Aşkale-Erzurum çimento fabrikasının etrafında çeşitli çevresel kirleticilerin genotoksik etkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla Pseudevernia furfuracea, Lobaria pulmonaria, Cetralia islandica ve Usnea longissima isimli dört liken türü kullanılmıştır. Yöntemler: Çevresel kirleticilere maruz kalmış örnekler ile kontrol örneklerinin protein boyutunda ve moleküler boyutta da RAPD bantlarında yeni bant oluşumu ve/veya bant kaybolması olup olmadığı kontrol edilmiştir. Bulgular: Çimento fabrikasına 50 m uzaklıkta kirleticilere maruz kalan örneklerde protein içeriğinde belirgin bir düşüş gözlenmiş olmasına karşın çimento fabrikasına 100 m ve 200 m uzaklıktaki liken örneklerinde protein içeriğinde herhangi bir değişim gözlemlenmemiştir. Çalışılan dört tür arasında P. furfuracea bant görünümü ve bant kaybolma oranı en yüksek olan türdür. Çimento fabrikasına 50, 100 ve 200m. uzaklıkta bulunan 1., 2. ve 3. bölgeler kirleticilere maruz kaldıktan sonra P. furfuracea’da kontrol bant sayısı 83 sırasıyla 19, 45 ve 51 bant gözlenmiştir. Buna ek olarak yine 1., 2. ve 3. bölgelerdeki P. furfuracea örneklerinde sırasıyla 31, 13 ve 15 bant kaybolmuştur. Ayrıca, en yüksek polimorfizm değeri OPC04 primeri ile U. longissima ve L. pulmonaria P%= % 86.6 liken türlerinde ve en düşük polimorfizm oranı P%= 45.4% OPC01 primeri ile L. pulmonaria’da elde edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre; çimento fabrikasına en yakın 50 m yer olan bölge 1’de en yüksek bant artışı ve bant kaybolması tespit edilmiştir. Genetik Kalıp Stabilitesi GKS değerlerinin düşük seviyede ortaya çıktığı bölge 1’de dört liken türünde genotoksik etki yüksek düzeyde belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Bu çalışma, çimento fabrikası etrafında toplanan dört farklı liken türünün kullanılması ile çeşitli çevresel kirleticilerin neden olduğu genotoksik ve biyolojik etkinin ön belirteci olarak bilgi vermektedir. Genotoksik ajanların erken uyarı durumunun belirlenmesinde biyomarkır olarak indikatör organizmalar ile birlikte kullanılmasının, hava kirliliğinin yol açtığı hasar düzeyinin yorumlanmasında güvenilir olduğu görülmüştür.

Keywords

• liken, genotoksisite, risk değerlendirmesi, kirletici

Environmental risk assessment under the pollutants exposure with using four lichen species and molecular assay in cement plant, Aşkale-Erzurum Turkey

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the study is to determine the genotoxic effects of various environmental pollutants around cement factory in Aşkale-Erzurum. It was studied four lichen species which include Pseudevernia furfuracea, Lobaria pulmonaria, Cetralia islandica and Usnea longissima. Methods: The main observation or changes in the protein assay and RAPD patterns included appearance of new bands and/or disappearance of normal bands compared with the control samples. Results: Although significant amount of decrease in protein content of the samples exposed to pollutants has been observed 50 m away from cement factory, no changes was detected in the protein content of liken samples 100 m and 200 m away from cement factory. Among the four studied species, P. furfuracea revealed to have the highest level of band appearance and disappearance. Following the exposure to the pollutants of 1, 2 and 3 district situated at a distance of 50, 100, 200m to the cement factory, P. furfuracea with a control bands were observed respectively. Moreover 31, 13 and 15 bands from the control species disappeared in sites 1, 2 and 3 in P. furfuracea samples. Furthermore, the highest polymorphism value was obtained P% = 86,6% in U. longissima and L. pulmonaria by the OPC04 primer, and the lowest polymorphism was yielded P%= 45,4% in L. pulmonaria by the OPC01 primer. According to this study site 1, which is the nearest site to the cement factory 50m , has the highest appearance and disappearance band. As the samples from site 1 revealed the lowest level of GTS values might led to a high level of genotoxic effect in the four lichen species. Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence to the biological effects and genotoxicological consequences caused by various environmental contaminants with the use of four different lichen species collected from around cement factory. The use of indicator organisms as a biomarker in the early detection of genotoxic agents showed reliable sensitivity in terms of estimating the level of damage caused by air pollution.

Keywords

• lichen, genotoxicity, risk assessment, pollutant

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