Mantar enfeksiyonlarının serolojik tanısı

Öz

İnvaziv mantar hastalıklarının tanısında, günümüzde kullanılan yöntemlerin duyarlılık ve özgüllüğündeki yetersizlikler veya klinik olarak yararlı olabilecek bir sonucun elde edilmesinin çok zaman alması nedeniyle zorluklar yaşanmaktadır. Hasta sonuçlarında, hızlı tanı anahtar noktadır. Kültür testleri dışında, konaktaki özgül antikor yanıtının ölçülmesine dayalı serolojik testlerin, hızlı uygulanabilmesi ve invaziv örnek alım yöntemleri gerektirmemesi bu testleri çekici kılmaktadır. Ancak özellikle immünosupressif durumlar nedeniyle, özgül antikor yanıtı oluşturamayan hastalarda bu testler her zaman invaziv hastalık göstergesi olmamaktadır. Mikrobiyal antijenlerin tespitinin ise genellikle daha fazla miktarda mikrobiyal yük gerektirmesi duyarlılığını kısıtlamaktadır. Yine de çok sayıda başarıyla çalışan antijen tespit sistemleri geliştirilmiştir ve bunların bazıları halen yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Dolaşımdaki Aspergillus galaktomannanlarını tespit için sıçan monoklonal EBA2’leri kullanan emzim immünoassay yöntemi Platelia ticari olarak kullanımdadır. Bu test 0,5-1,0 ng/ml düzeyindeki galaktomannanı tespit edebilmektedir. Ayrıca, galaktomannan klinik belirti ve semptomlar oluşmadan invaziv aspergillozun erken safhalarında serumda tespit edilebilmektedir. Ancak, bu testin yanlış pozitif veya negatif sonuçlar gibi dezavantajları bulunmaktadır. -β-D-glukan Zygomycetes’ler hariç mantar hücre duvarının karakteristik bir birleşenidir. İnvaziv enfeksiyonlar sırasında Aspergillus, Candida, Fusarium, Trichosporon, Saccharomyces, Acremonium ve Pneumocyctis jirovecii içeren birçok mantar tarafından -β-D-glukan kana salınmaktadır. -β-D-glukan konsantrasyonunun belirlenmesinde kullanılan yöntem, atnalı horsecrab shoe yengecinin

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mantar enfeksiyonları, galaktomannan, -β-D-glukan, mannan

Serological diagnosis of fungal infections

Abstract

Difficulties are being faced in the diagnosis of invasive fungal diseases due to the lack of sensitivity and specificity of the current diagnostic methods or taking too long time to get a result having clinical importance. Rapid diagnosis is the key point in patient outcomes. Excluding the culture tests, because of its rapid application and no need for invasive sampling, was making the serological tests based on the measurement of response of specific host antibody became attractive. However especially due to immunosuppressive conditions, these tests are not always the indicator of invasive disease in the patients who have no ability to produce specific antibody response. Detection of microbial antigens generally requiring a relatively large microbial burden, limits the assay sensitivity. Nonetheless, several examples of successful antigen detection systems have been developed, and some of these are widely used. To detect circulating Aspergillus galactomannans enyzme immunoassay Platelia method utilizing the rat monoclonal antibody EB-A2 is commercially in use. This test is able to detect galactomannan in the level of 0.5-1.0 ng/ml. Furthermore, galactomannan could be detected in the serum at a early stage of invasive aspergillosis before clinical signs and symptoms occured. However, this test has some disavantages like false positive or negative results. -β-D-glucan is a characteristic cell-wall component of fungi except for Zygomycetes. A broad range of fungi including Aspergillus, During invasive infections -β-D-glucan is released to the blood by some fungi containing Aspergillus, Candida, Fusarium, Trichosporon, Saccharomyces, -β-D-glukan konsantrasyonunun belirlenmesinde kullanılan yöntem, atnalı horsecrab shoe yengecinin

Keywords

• Fungal infections, galactomannan, -β-D-glucan, mannan

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