Kırsal Alanda Yaşayan Halkın Evsel Su Deposu Kullanımları: Trabzon'dan Bir Çalışma

Öz

Amaç: Kırsal alanda yaşayan bireyler, su ihtiyaçlarını karşılayabilmek için su deposu yaptırabilmektedir. Bazen sadece kendisi, bazen de birkaç aile ile birlikte ortak olarak bu depoları kullanmaktadır. Araştırmada Trabzon’da kırsal alanda yaşayan halkın bireysel veya ortak kullandığı evsel su depolarının kullanım durumlarının ve su depolarının niteliklerinin tanımlanması amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: Araştırma tanımlayıcı tipte olup veriler 16 Nisan – 4 Haziran 2015 tarihleri arasında Trabzon’un 10 ilçesinden toplanmıştır. Öncelikle seçilen ilçelerdeki Aile Sağlığı Merkezi/Toplum Sağlığı Merkezlerine bu tarihlerde başvuran bireylere araştırmanın amacı açıklanmıştır. Sonrasında bireysel veya birkaç ailenin ortak kullandığı, şehir şebekesine bağlı olmayan evsel su deposu olan bireylerle, yüz yüze anket uygulama yöntemiyle araştırma verileri toplanmıştır. Toplam 282 evsel su deposu kullanıcısına ulaşılmıştır.Bulgular: Katılımcılara göre su depolarına gelen suyun %95,7’si kaynak suyudur. Su deposu kullanıcılarının %96,8’i depolarını her gün kullanmaktadır. Depoların %82,6’sı %84,8’inin içi sıvalı beton, %87,9’unun üstü kapalı toprak üstünde/bahçede bulunmakta, of them were plastered concrete tanks, 87.9% of them were covered and 62.1% of them had air shaft. Water in 18.1% of the tanks were always chlorinated. Regarding the analysis of the suitability of water for drinking and use; 41.1% were analyzed anytime before data collection, and 24.1% of the analyzed ones had abnormal results. 46.4% of the users continued to use the water tank even though there was detected abnormality in the analysis. Regarding the cleaning of the water tanks; 4.3% of the tanks had never been cleaned and 76.7% of the cleaned tanks were mechanically cleaned. 77.3% of the participants stated that infectious diseases, 66.3% outbreaks and 34.0% chronic diseases would occur when water tanks were not cleaned. 14.9% of the participants think that there is no harm in not cleaning the water tanks.Conclusion: In the study, it was found that domestic water tanks that were used individually or jointly by people living in rural areas were uncontrolled and unrestrained.Sonuç: Araştırmada kırsal alanda bireysel veya birkaç hanenin ortak kullandığı su depolarının kontrolsüz ve denetimsiz olduğu görülmüştür

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Su deposu, kırsal alan, içme suyu, kirlenme

Domestic Water Tank Usage Of People In A Rural Area: A Study In Trabzon

Abstract

Objective: Individuals living in rural areas can build water tanks to meet their water needs. Sometimes he/she uses these tanks for himself/herself and sometimes with several families. The study aimed to define the conditions of use and quality of domestic water tanks that are used individually or jointly by people living in rural areas in Trabzon.Methods: The study type is descriptive and data were collected in 10 provinces of Trabzon between April 16 - June 4, 2015. First of all, the aim of study was explained to the individuals who applied to the Family Health Centers/Community Health Centers in the selected provinces on these dates. Second, research data were collected with face-to-face questionnaire application method with people who uses domestic water tank which is not connected to the city network. A total of 282 domestic water tank users have been reached.Results: According to the participants, 95.7% of the water coming to the water tanks was spring water. 96.8% of water tank users use their tanks every day. 82.6% of tanks are on the soil / in the garden, 84.8% faktörlerden birisi; insani, tarımsal ve hayvansal İnsanların yaşam alanlarını belirlemede en önemli GIRIŞ of them were plastered concrete tanks, 87.9% of them were covered and 62.1% of them had air shaft. Water in 18.1% of the tanks were always chlorinated. Regarding the analysis of the suitability of water for drinking and use; 41.1% were analyzed anytime before data collection, and 24.1% of the analyzed ones had abnormal results. 46.4% of the users continued to use the water tank even though there was detected abnormality in the analysis. Regarding the cleaning of the water tanks; 4.3% of the tanks had never been cleaned and 76.7% of the cleaned tanks were mechanically cleaned. 77.3% of the participants stated that infectious diseases, 66.3% outbreaks and 34.0% chronic diseases would occur when water tanks were not cleaned. 14.9% of the participants think that there is no harm in not cleaning the water tanks.Conclusion: In the study, it was found that domestic water tanks that were used individually or jointly by people living in rural areas were uncontrolled and unrestrained

Keywords

• Water tank, rural area, drinking water, contamination

References

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The Safe Water System. www.cdc.gov/safewater/, (Erişim Tarihi: 09.01.2019). Düzgün ŞA. Bir arada yaşamanın ahlaki ve felsefi temelleri. Kelam Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2015;13(2):583-92.
2. Trabzon Valiliği. Coğrafi Özellikleri. http://www. trabzon.gov.tr/cografi-ozellikleri, (Erişim Tarihi: 09.01.2019).
3. Maupin MA, Kenny JF, Hutson SS, Lovelace JK, Barber NL, Linsey KS. Estimated use of water in the United States in 2010. United States Geological Survey Circular 1405, 56p, https://pubs.usgs. gov/circ/1405/pdf/circ1405.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 09.01.2019).
4. Nordblom O, Bergdhal L. Initiation of stagnation in drinking water storage tanks. J Hydraulic Engineering, 2004;130(1):49-57. 6.“İnsani Tüketim Amaçlı Yönetmelik”- 17 Şubat 2005 tarih ve 25730 sayılı Resmi Gazete. Sular Hakkında
5. World Health Organization (WHO). Mortality and Burden of Disease From Water and Sanitation. http://www.who.int/gho/phe/water_sanitation/ burden_text/en/, (Erişim Tarihi: 09.01.2019).
6. Cesa M, Fongaro G, Barardi CRM. Waterborne diseases classification and relationship with social-environmental factors in Florianópolis city– Southern Brazil. J Water Health, 2016;14(2):340- 8.
7. Koksal F, Oguzkurt N, Samastı M, Altas K. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Aeromonas strains isolated from drinking water samples in Istanbul, Turkey. Chemotherapy, 2007;53(1):30-5.
8. Wagner C, Vethencourt Ysea MA, Galindo MV, Guzmán de Rondón C, Nessi Paduani AJ, Reyes- Batlle M, et al. Isolation of Naegleria fowleri from a domestic water tank associated with a fatal encephalitis in a 4 month-old Venezuelan child. Tropical Biomedicine, 2017;34(2):332-7.

9. Ceylan A, Çalık O, Ilçin E, Ozekinci T. Dwelling water tanks in Diyarbakir. TAF Prev Med Bull, 2008;7(1):15-24. Smith RS. Classification of Water–Related Diseases. http://www.eolss.net/sample-chapters/c03/e2- 20a-01-01.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 22.01.2018).
10. Sağlam MT, Bellitürk K. Su kirliliği ve toprak üzerindeki etkisi. Alatarım, 2003;2(1):46-9.
11. World Wildlife Fund (WWF). Water Pollution: Types of Water Pollutants. http://wwf.panda. org/about_our_earth/teacher_resources/ webfieldtrips/water_pollution/, (Erişim Tarihi: 22.01.2018).
12. Güler Ç, Çobanoğlu Z. Su Kirliliği. Ankara: Aydoğdu Ofset. 1994.
13. Güler Ç, Akın L. Halk Sağlığı Temel Bilgiler 2. Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yayınları. 2015.
14. Batchabani E, Fuamba M. Optimal tank design in water distribution networks: review of literature and perspectives. J Water Res Pl Mng, 2014;140(2):136-45.
15. Bulut YE, Evcil Ü, Adıktı S, Kökel M. Bitlis ili köy muhtarlarının klorlama ile ilgili bilgi düzeyi ve farkındalık durumlarının belirlenmesi. Türk Hij Den Biyol Derg, 2017;74(EK-1):95-100.
16. Oğur R, Tekbaş ÖF, Hasde M. Klorlama Rehberi (İçme ve Kullanma Sularının Klorlanması). http:// www.splas.net/dosya/7a.pdf, 22.01.2018). (Erişim Tarihi:
17. Steyer A, Torkar KG, Aguirre IG, Prijatelj MP. High prevalence of enteric viruses in untreated ındividual drinking water sources and surface water in Slovenia. Int J Hyg Environ Health, 2011;214(5):392-8.
18. Toccalino PL, Norman JE, Scott JC. Chemical mixtures in untreated water from public-supply wells in the U. S. – occurence, composition and potential toxicity. Sci Total Environ, 2012;431:262- 70.
19. Toğan V, Başağa HB, Dede T, Kolaylı CC, Şahin K, Topbaş M. Water tank usage in Turkey: an internet- based study with civil engineers. The Turkish Journal of Occupational / Environmental Medicine and Safety, 2017;2(1(3)):412-9.
20. Beer KD, Gargano JW, Roberts VA, Hill VR, Garrison LE, Kutty PK, et al. Surveillance for waterborne disease outbreaks associated with drinking water – United States. 2011 – 2012. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2015;64(31):842-8.
21. Larssen KW, Afset JE, Heier BT, Krogh T, Handeland K, Vikİren T, et al. Outbreak of tularaemia in central Norway, January to March 2011. Euro Surveill, 2011;16(13):1-3.
22. Koroglu M, Yakupogullari Y, Otlu B, Ozturk S, Ozden M, Ozer A, et al. A waterborne outbreak of epidemic diarrhea due to group A rotavirus in Malatya, Turkey. New Microbiol, 2011;34(1):17-24.