Abstract
Since the terrorist attack on the United States in September 2001, attention has been focused on the threat of biological warfare and bioterrorism all over the world. Biological warfare or biological terrorism is the intentional use of microorganisms, and toxins, generally of microbial, plant or animal origin to produce disease and death in humans, livestock and crops, leading to disaster and panic in the community. The attraction of biological warfare agents for use in terroristic attacks is attributed to easy access to a wide range of disease-producing biological agents, to their low production costs, to their non-detection by routine security systems, and to their easy transportation from one place to another. This review examines concept and history of biological war and bioterrorism, international conventions, agents of bioterrorism and their specifications, epidemiology of bioterrorist threat, and components of biological defence.
Keywords
References
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Abstract
Eylül 2001 tarihinde ABD’deki terörist saldırıdan sonra, tüm dünyada dikkatler biyolojik savaş ajanlarına ve biyoterörizm üzerine yoğunlaşmıştır. Biyolojik savaş veya biyoterörizm, mikroorganizmalar ve mikrobiyal, bitkisel veya hayvansal kökenli toksinlerin insan, hayvan ve bitkilerde hastalık oluşturmak ve ölüme neden olarak toplumda panik ve afet yaratmak amacıyla kasıtlı kullanımıdır. Biyolojik savaş ajanlarının terörist saldırılarda kullanılması, bu ajanların kolay elde edilebilmeleri ve düşük maliyetle büyük miktarlarda üretilebilmeleri, genel güvenlik sistemlerince saptanamamaları ve kolayca taşınabilmelerine bağlanabilir. Bu derlemede, biyolojik savaş ve biyoterörizm kavramları, biyolojik silah ajanlarının özellikleri, tarih içerisindeki gelişimi, uluslararası konvansiyonlar, kullanılan ajanların özellikleri ve biyolojik saldırı durumunda epidemiyolojik yaklaşım ve biyolojik savunmanın bileşenleri irdelenmiştir.
Keywords
References
- 1 . Nolte KB, Taylor DG, Richmond JY. Biosafety Considerations for Autopsy. Am J Forensic Med Pathol, 2002; 2: 1 0 7 - 2 2.
- 2. Karayılanoğlu T. Kimyasal ve Biyolojik Terörizm. Ankara: GATA Basımevi, 2002.
- 3. Sanaei-ZH, Taghaddosinejad F, Amoei M, Bayatmakou K, Fahim P. Autopsies on Bodies Without Antemortem Risk Factors for HCV, HBV and HIV Infections: Are they safe. Pathology, 2002; 34: 582-3.
- 4. The Medical NBC Battlebook, USACHPPM Tech Guide 244, August 2000
- 5. Medical Management Of Chemical Casualties Handbook, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD) 3th ed. Aberdeen Proving Ground, http://www.gmha.org/bioterrorism/usamricd/ Yellow_Book_2000.pdf (17.08.2006)
- 6. Fowler DR, Nolte KB. Biological and Chemical Terrorism: Surveillance and Response. In: Handbook of Forensic Pathology. Froede RC, ed. College of American Pathologists, Northfield, IL, 2003: 335-44.
- 7. Takafuji ET, Kok AB. The Chemical Warfare Threat And The Military Healthcare Provider. In: Medical Aspects Of Chemical and Biological Warfare. Sidell FR, Takafujı ET, Franz DR, eds. TMM Publications Borden Institute Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC 1997: 111-29.
- 8. Burton JL. Health and Safety at Necropsy, Journal of Clinical Pathology 2003; 56: 254-60.
- 9. NolteKB, DasguptaA. Prevention of Occupational CyanideExposure inAutopsyProsectors. J ForensicSci 1996; 41: 146–7.
- 1 0 . Hurst CG. Decontamination, In: Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare. Sidell FR, Takafujı ET, Franz DR, eds. TMM Publications Borden Institute Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC 1997: 351-9.
- 11. Dalgıç M, Tuğcu H, Can Ö, Özaslan A. Otopside Biyogüvenlik. Adli Tıp Dergisi 2004; 2: 61-7.
- 12. http://www.gata.edu.tr/dahilibilimler/adlitip/index.htm (Son erişim tarihi: 07.11.2005)
- 13. Batuk G, Kar H, Ulukan Ö, Batuk Hİ. Otopsi ve Postmortem Laboratuvar Uygulamalarında Enfeksiyon ve Korunma. Adli Bilimler Dergisi, 2003; 2: 19-24
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | April 1, 2006 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2006 Volume: 63 Issue: 1 |