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BİYOLOJİK SİLAH OLARAK BAKTERİLER: “Kategori B ajanlar”

Year 2006, Volume: 63 Issue: 1, 47 - 66, 01.04.2006

Selçuk Kılıç Cahit Babür

Abstract

Orta dereceli yayılım, orta düzeyde morbidite ve düşük mortalite gösteren spesifik tanı kriterleri ile sürveyanssisteminin geliştirilmesine ihtiyaç duyulan ajanlar CDC tarafından ikinci derecede öneme sahip biyolojiksilah/biyoterörizm ajanları Kategori B olarak sınıflandırılmışlardır. Kategori B içinde çok sayıda bakteri, virüs,protozoon ve toksin yer almaktadır. Bu derlemede Kategori B’de yer alan bakteriyel ajanlardan Burkholderiamallei Ruam-Glanders ve Burkholderia pseudomallei Melioidoz , Coxiella burnetii Q ateşi , Brucella sp.veChlamydophila psittaci ele alınmıştır

Keywords

Bakteri Biyolojik silah Ruam Melioidoz Q ateşi Bruselloz Psitacosis

References

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Emergency preparedness and response: bioterrorism agents/ diseases. http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/agentlist-category.asp. Erişim: 10.12.2006.
  • Pappas G, Panagopoulou P, Christou L, Akritidis N. Category B potential bioterrorism agents: bacteria, viruses, toxins, and foodborne and waterborne pathogens. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2006; 20 (2): 395-421.
  • Zoonoses. Infectious Diseases Transmissible from Animals to Humans. Eds: Kraus H et al. 3rd ed. VA, USA: ASM press, 2003.
  • Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare. In: Textbook of Military Medicine. Sidell FR, Takafuji ET, Franz DR, eds. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General; 1997; part I, vol 3: 603-76.
  • Bacterial Agents. In: USAMRIID’s Medical Management of Biological Causalties Handbook. Eds: Darling RG, Woods Jon B. 5th ed. Department of Defense 2004: 16-52.
  • White NJ. Melioidosis. Lancet 2003; 361: 1715-22.
  • Dance DA. Melioidosis: the tip of the iceberg? Clin Microbiol Rev 1991; 4: 52-60.
  • Bossi P, Tegnell A, Baka A et al. Bichat guidelines for the clinical management of glanders and melioidosis and bioterrorism-related glanders and melioidosis. Euro Surveill. 2004; 9 (12): E17-8.
  • Ashdown LR. Melioidosis and safety in the clinical laboratory. J Hosp Infect 1992; 21: 301-306.
  • Srinivasan A, Kraus CN, DeShazer D, Becker PM, Dick JD, Spacek L, Bartlett JG, Byrne WR, Thomas DL. Glanders in a military research microbiologist. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 256-8.
  • Cheng AC, Dance DA, Currie BJ. Bioterrorism, glanders, and melioidosis. Euro Surveill 2005; 10: E1-2.
  • Kasten FH. Biological weapons, war crimes, and WWI. Science 2002; 296: 1235-7.
  • Yang S. Melioidosis research in China. Acta Trop; 77 (2): 157-65
  • Von Lubitz KJE Dag. Bioterrorism: Field Guide to Disease Identification and Initial Patient Management. Taylor & Francis 2005.
  • WHO guidance. Public health response to biological and chemical weapons. Annex 3.2: Bacteria. 2004.
  • Nulens E, Voss A. Laboratory diagnosis and biosafety issues of biological warfare agents. Clin Microbiol Infect 2002; 8: 455-466. 7 . Klietmann WF, Ruoff KL. Bioterrorism: implications for the clinical microbiologist. Clin Microbiol Rev 2001; 14: 364-8 1 .
  • Greenfield RA, Drevets DA, Machado LJ, Voskuhl GW, Cornea P, Bronze MS. Bacterial pathogens as biological weapons and agents of bioterrorism. Am J Med Sci. 2002; 323 (6): 299-315.
  • Maurin M. Raoult D. Q Fever. Clin Microbiol Rev 1999; 12(4): 518-53.
  • Marrie TJ. Q fever-A review. Can Vet J 1990; 31: 555-63.
  • Madariaga MG, Rezai K, Trenholme GM, Weinstein RA. Q fever: a biological weapon in your backyard. Lancet Infect Dis. 2003; 3 (11): 709-21. 2 . Kagawa FT, Wehner JH, Mohindra V. Q fever as a biological weapon. Semin Respir Infect. 2003; 1 8 ( 3 ) : 1 8 3 - 9 5 .
  • Fournier PE, Marrie TJ, Raoult D. Diagnosis of Q Fever. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 7: 1823-34.
  • Choi E. Tularemia and Q fever. Med Clin North Am. 2002; 86 (2): 393-416.
  • Bossi P, Tegnell A, Baka A et al. Bichat guidelines for the clinical management of Q fever and bioterrorism- related Q fever.Euro Surveill. 2004; 9 (12): E19-20.
  • Daya M, Nakamura Y. Pulmonary disease from biological agents: anthrax, plague, Q fever, and tularemia. Crit Care Clin. 2005; 21 (4): 747-63.
  • Titball RW, Williamson ED. Vaccine development for potential bioterrorism agents. Curr Drug Targets Infect Disord. 2003; 3 (3): 255-62. 8 . Pappas G, Panagopoulou P, Christou L, Akritidis N. Brucella as a biological weapon.Cell Mol Life Sci. 2006; 6 3 ( 1 9 - 2 0 ) : 2 2 2 9 - 3 6 .
  • Bossi P, Tegnell A, Baka A et al. Bichat guidelines for the clinical management of brucellosis and bioterrorism- related brucellosis.Euro Surveill. 2004; 9 (12): E15-6.
  • M.J. Corbel. Brucellosis in humans and animals. WHO/CDS/EPR/2006.7
  • Gregory DW, Schaffner W. Psittacosis. Semin Respir Infect 1997; 12: 7-11.
  • Isaacs D. Psittacosis. Br Med J 1984; 289 (6444): 510-11. 3 . Cunha BA. The atypical pneumonias: clinical diagnosis and importance. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2006; 1 2( 3 ) : 1 2 - 2 4 .
  • Vanrompay D, Ducatelle R, Haesebrouck F. Chlamydia psittaci infections: a review with emphasis on avian chlamydiosis. Vet Microbiol. 1995; 45 (2-3): 93-119.
  • Everett KD. Chlamydia and Chlamydiales: more than meets the eye. Vet Microbiol. 2000; 75 (2): 109-26.

BACTERIA AS AGENTS OF BIOLOGICALWEAPONS: “Category B agents”

Year 2006, Volume: 63 Issue: 1, 47 - 66, 01.04.2006

Selçuk Kılıç Cahit Babür

Abstract

Agents that are modarately easy to transmite, cause modarate morbidity rates and low mortality rates, andrequire specific enchancements of diagnostic capacity and surveillance system have been classified as secondhighest priority agents Category B by CDC. Category B includes a wide variety of bacteria, virus, protozoa, andtoxin. In this review, bacterial agents classified in Category B, Burkholderia mallei Glanders andBurkholderiapseudomallei Melioidosis , Coxeilla burnetii Q fever , Brucella sp. and Chlamydophila psittaci Psitacosis werediscussed in detail

Keywords

Bacterium Biowarfare agents Glanders Melioidosis Q fever Brucellosis Psittacosis

References

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Emergency preparedness and response: bioterrorism agents/ diseases. http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/agentlist-category.asp. Erişim: 10.12.2006.
  • Pappas G, Panagopoulou P, Christou L, Akritidis N. Category B potential bioterrorism agents: bacteria, viruses, toxins, and foodborne and waterborne pathogens. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2006; 20 (2): 395-421.
  • Zoonoses. Infectious Diseases Transmissible from Animals to Humans. Eds: Kraus H et al. 3rd ed. VA, USA: ASM press, 2003.
  • Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare. In: Textbook of Military Medicine. Sidell FR, Takafuji ET, Franz DR, eds. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General; 1997; part I, vol 3: 603-76.
  • Bacterial Agents. In: USAMRIID’s Medical Management of Biological Causalties Handbook. Eds: Darling RG, Woods Jon B. 5th ed. Department of Defense 2004: 16-52.
  • White NJ. Melioidosis. Lancet 2003; 361: 1715-22.
  • Dance DA. Melioidosis: the tip of the iceberg? Clin Microbiol Rev 1991; 4: 52-60.
  • Bossi P, Tegnell A, Baka A et al. Bichat guidelines for the clinical management of glanders and melioidosis and bioterrorism-related glanders and melioidosis. Euro Surveill. 2004; 9 (12): E17-8.
  • Ashdown LR. Melioidosis and safety in the clinical laboratory. J Hosp Infect 1992; 21: 301-306.
  • Srinivasan A, Kraus CN, DeShazer D, Becker PM, Dick JD, Spacek L, Bartlett JG, Byrne WR, Thomas DL. Glanders in a military research microbiologist. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 256-8.
  • Cheng AC, Dance DA, Currie BJ. Bioterrorism, glanders, and melioidosis. Euro Surveill 2005; 10: E1-2.
  • Kasten FH. Biological weapons, war crimes, and WWI. Science 2002; 296: 1235-7.
  • Yang S. Melioidosis research in China. Acta Trop; 77 (2): 157-65
  • Von Lubitz KJE Dag. Bioterrorism: Field Guide to Disease Identification and Initial Patient Management. Taylor & Francis 2005.
  • WHO guidance. Public health response to biological and chemical weapons. Annex 3.2: Bacteria. 2004.
  • Nulens E, Voss A. Laboratory diagnosis and biosafety issues of biological warfare agents. Clin Microbiol Infect 2002; 8: 455-466. 7 . Klietmann WF, Ruoff KL. Bioterrorism: implications for the clinical microbiologist. Clin Microbiol Rev 2001; 14: 364-8 1 .
  • Greenfield RA, Drevets DA, Machado LJ, Voskuhl GW, Cornea P, Bronze MS. Bacterial pathogens as biological weapons and agents of bioterrorism. Am J Med Sci. 2002; 323 (6): 299-315.
  • Maurin M. Raoult D. Q Fever. Clin Microbiol Rev 1999; 12(4): 518-53.
  • Marrie TJ. Q fever-A review. Can Vet J 1990; 31: 555-63.
  • Madariaga MG, Rezai K, Trenholme GM, Weinstein RA. Q fever: a biological weapon in your backyard. Lancet Infect Dis. 2003; 3 (11): 709-21. 2 . Kagawa FT, Wehner JH, Mohindra V. Q fever as a biological weapon. Semin Respir Infect. 2003; 1 8 ( 3 ) : 1 8 3 - 9 5 .
  • Fournier PE, Marrie TJ, Raoult D. Diagnosis of Q Fever. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 7: 1823-34.
  • Choi E. Tularemia and Q fever. Med Clin North Am. 2002; 86 (2): 393-416.
  • Bossi P, Tegnell A, Baka A et al. Bichat guidelines for the clinical management of Q fever and bioterrorism- related Q fever.Euro Surveill. 2004; 9 (12): E19-20.
  • Daya M, Nakamura Y. Pulmonary disease from biological agents: anthrax, plague, Q fever, and tularemia. Crit Care Clin. 2005; 21 (4): 747-63.
  • Titball RW, Williamson ED. Vaccine development for potential bioterrorism agents. Curr Drug Targets Infect Disord. 2003; 3 (3): 255-62. 8 . Pappas G, Panagopoulou P, Christou L, Akritidis N. Brucella as a biological weapon.Cell Mol Life Sci. 2006; 6 3 ( 1 9 - 2 0 ) : 2 2 2 9 - 3 6 .
  • Bossi P, Tegnell A, Baka A et al. Bichat guidelines for the clinical management of brucellosis and bioterrorism- related brucellosis.Euro Surveill. 2004; 9 (12): E15-6.
  • M.J. Corbel. Brucellosis in humans and animals. WHO/CDS/EPR/2006.7
  • Gregory DW, Schaffner W. Psittacosis. Semin Respir Infect 1997; 12: 7-11.
  • Isaacs D. Psittacosis. Br Med J 1984; 289 (6444): 510-11. 3 . Cunha BA. The atypical pneumonias: clinical diagnosis and importance. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2006; 1 2( 3 ) : 1 2 - 2 4 .
  • Vanrompay D, Ducatelle R, Haesebrouck F. Chlamydia psittaci infections: a review with emphasis on avian chlamydiosis. Vet Microbiol. 1995; 45 (2-3): 93-119.
  • Everett KD. Chlamydia and Chlamydiales: more than meets the eye. Vet Microbiol. 2000; 75 (2): 109-26.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Collection
Authors

Selçuk Kılıç This is me

Cahit Babür This is me

Publication Date April 1, 2006
Published in Issue Year 2006 Volume: 63 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kılıç, S., & Babür, C. (2006). BİYOLOJİK SİLAH OLARAK BAKTERİLER: “Kategori B ajanlar”. Türk Hijyen Ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 63(1), 47-66.
AMA Kılıç S, Babür C.BİYOLOJİK SİLAH OLARAK BAKTERİLER: “Kategori B ajanlar.” Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. April 2006;63(1):47-66.
Chicago Kılıç, Selçuk, and Cahit Babür. “BİYOLOJİK SİLAH OLARAK BAKTERİLER: ‘Kategori B ajanlar’”. Türk Hijyen Ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 63, no. 1 (April 2006): 47-66.
EndNote Kılıç S, Babür C (April 1, 2006) BİYOLOJİK SİLAH OLARAK BAKTERİLER: “Kategori B ajanlar”. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 63 1 47–66.
IEEE S. Kılıç and C. Babür, “BİYOLOJİK SİLAH OLARAK BAKTERİLER: ‘Kategori B ajanlar’”, Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 47–66, 2006.
ISNAD Kılıç, Selçuk - Babür, Cahit. “BİYOLOJİK SİLAH OLARAK BAKTERİLER: ‘Kategori B ajanlar’”. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 63/1 (April 2006), 47-66.
JAMA Kılıç S, Babür C. BİYOLOJİK SİLAH OLARAK BAKTERİLER: “Kategori B ajanlar”. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. 2006;63:47–66.
MLA Kılıç, Selçuk and Cahit Babür. “BİYOLOJİK SİLAH OLARAK BAKTERİLER: ‘Kategori B ajanlar’”. Türk Hijyen Ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, vol. 63, no. 1, 2006, pp. 47-66.
Vancouver Kılıç S, Babür C. BİYOLOJİK SİLAH OLARAK BAKTERİLER: “Kategori B ajanlar”. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. 2006;63(1):47-66.