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Biyolojik Silah Olarak Paraziter Ajanlar

Year 2006, Volume: 63 Issue: 1, 79 - 84, 01.04.2006

Abstract

Çeşitli biyolojik etkenler, terörizm açısından potansiyel bir riske sahiptirler. Parazitler; genel olarak orta dereceliyayılım, orta düzeyde morbidite ve düşük mortalite göstermeleri nedeniyle CDC tarafından ikinci derecede önemesahip biyolojik silah/biyoterörizm ajanları Kategori B arasında sınıflandırılmışlardır. Bu derlemede henüz biyolojiksilah ajanı olarak rolü yeni anlaşılmaya başlayan parazitlerin potansiyel biyoterörizm özellikleri, biyogüvenlikçalışmaları ve çalışmaların yürütüleceği laboratuvarların biyogüvenlik koşulları güncel yayınlar ışığında tartışılmıştır

References

  • 1. Haas CN: Perspective: The role of risk analysis in understanding bioterrorism. Risk Analysis. 2002; 22 (4): 672.
  • 2. Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response: With guide to agents, diseases, and other threats, lab information, emergency preparedness for business, preparation and planning, and surveillance. Avaible at www.bt.cdc.go
  • 3. Harigel G: The concept of weapons of mass destruction in: Focus Group and Round Table on Biosecurity and Bioterrorism. Ed: Trapanni M 2000; Avaible at: http:// www.infn.it/landnet.
  • 4. Joseph B, Macintyre A, Gostin L, Inglesby T, O'Toole T, DeAtley C et al: Large-Scale Quarantine Following Biological Terrorism in the United States Scientific Examination, Logistic and Legal Limits, and Possible Consequences. JAMA 2001; 286: 2711-7.
  • 5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Biological and chemical terrorism: strategic plan for preparedness and response: recommendations of the CDC strategic planning workgroup. MMWR. 2000; 49 RR-4: 1-14.
  • 6. Biterrorism: Types of biological agents avaible at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioterrorism
  • 7. Yadav P, Blaine L. Microbiological threats to homeland security. Eng Med Biol Mag 2004; 23: 136-41.
  • 8. I. International Symposium on Bioterrorism, Major Epidemic Treats and Biosecurity, 18-23 July 2003; Spain Abstract book.
  • 9. Rose LB, Lisle JT and LeChevallier M. Waterborne cryptosporidiosis: incidence, outbreaks, and treatment strategies. In: R. Fayer, Editor, Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1997; 93–110.
  • 10. DuPont HL, Chappell CL, Sterling CR, Okhuysen PC, Rose JB and Jakubowski W. The infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum in healthy volunteers. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 855–9.
  • 11. Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook in: Cryptosporidium parvum avaible at: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~mow/chap24.html.
  • 12. Hannahs G, College K. Cryptosporidium parvum: an emerging pathogen. avaible at: http://biology.kenyon.edu/ slonc/bio38/hannahs/crypto.htm#diag.
  • 13. Cryptosporidiosis: Bioterrorism agent profiles for health care workers. 2004. avaible at: http://www.azdhs.gov/ phs/edc/edrp/es/pdf/cryptoset.
  • 14. Salem H. Issue in chemical and biological terrorism. Int J Toxicol 2003, 22: 465-71.
  • 15. Mac Kenzie WR, Hoxie NJ, Proctor ME, Gradus MS, Blair KA, Peterson DE, Kazmierczak JJ, Addis DG, Fox KR, Rose JB. A massive outbreak in Milwaukee of Cryptosporidium infection transmitted through the public water supply. N Engl J Med 1994; 331:161–7.
  • 16. Naumova EN, Egorov AI, Morris RD and Griffiths JK. The elderly and waterborne Cryptosporidium infection: gastroenteritis hospitalizations before and during the 1993 Milwaukee outbreak. Emerging Infectious Disease 2003; 9(4): 418-25.
  • 17. Sivapalasingam S, Friedman CR, Cohen L, Tauxe RV. Fresh produce: a growing cause of outbreaks of foodborne illness in the United States, 1973 through 1997. J Food Prot 2004; 67 (10): 2342-53.
  • 18. Mansfield LS, Gajadhar AA. Cyclospora cayetanensis, a food- and waterborne coccidian parasite. Vet Parasitol. 2004; 126: 73-90.
  • 19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Outbreak of cyclosporiasis associated with snowpeas, Pennsylvania. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2004; 24; 53(37): 876-8.
  • 20. Eberhard NJ, Arrowood MJ: Laboratory diagnosis of Cyclospora infections. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med 1997; 121: 792-7.
  • 21. Pappas G, Panagopoulou P, Christou L, Akritidis N. Category B potential bioterrorism agents: Bacteria, viruses, toxins and foodborne and waterborne pathogens. Infec Dis Clin N Am. 2006; 20(2): 395-421.
  • 22. Bruckner DA. Amebiasis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1992; 5: 356-69.
  • 23. Wolfe MS. Giardiasis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1992; 5: 93-100.
  • 24. Mathis A, Weber R, Deplazes P. Zoonotic potential of the microsporidia. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005; 18: 423-45.
  • 25. Molina JM, Tourneur M, Sarfati C, et al. Fumagillin treatment of intestinal microsporidiosis. N Engl J Med. 2002; 346: 1963-9.
  • 26. Montaya JG, Liesenfeld O. Toxoplasmosis. Lancet. 2004; 363: 1965-76.
  • 27. Chomel BB. Control and prevention of emerging zoonoses. J Vet Med Educ. 2003; 30 (2):145-7.
  • 28. Suarez Fernandez G. Biological Security Confronting Bioterrorism An R Acad Nac Med (Madr). 2002; 119 (1): 77-89
  • 29. Thompson R.C.A. Parasites and Biosecurtiy-the example of Austrilia. Trends in Parasitology 2003;19: 410-6.
  • 30. Sheeran TJ. Bioterrorism In: Encylopedia of Environmental Microbiology. 2002; Ed: Bitton G, New York.
  • 31. Sobel J, Khan AS, Swerdlow DL. Threat of a biological terrorist attack on the US food supply: te CDC perspective. Lancet 2002; 359: 874-81.
  • 32. Countering Bioterrorism DOE-Funded DNA-Based Technologies Track Identity, Origin of Biological Agents Human Genom News. 2002 12 (1-2). Avaible at: www.orml.gov/hgmis/project/about.html.
  • 33. Patt HA, Feigin RD. Diagnosis and management of suspected cases of bioterrorism: A pediatric perspective. 2005; Avaible at www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/109/4/685.
  • 34. Wolfgang F. Klietmann and Kathryn L. Ruoff. Bioterrorism: Implications for the Clinical Microbiologist. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2001; 14 (2): 364–81.
  • 35. World Health Organization: Laboratory biosafety manuel. 2003; 2 nd ed. http.//www.who.int/csr/resources/ publications/biosafety/Labiosafety.pdf
  • 36. Buckeridge DL, Burkom, Moore A, Pavlin J, Cutchis P, Hogan W. Evaluation of Syndromic Surveillance Systems: Design of an Epidemic Simulation Model. 2004; Morb Mortal Wkly Rep (53): 137-43
  • 37. Gilchrist, M JR, McKinney WP, Miller JM, Weissfeld AS. Cumitech 33, Laboratory safety, management, and diagnosis of biological agents associated with bioterrorism. 2000; Coordinating ed., J. W. Snyder. ASM Press, Washington, D.C.

Parasites As Biological Weapons

Year 2006, Volume: 63 Issue: 1, 79 - 84, 01.04.2006

Abstract

Various biological agents have petonsial risk for use as weapons of terrorism. Parasites have been categorisedas second class Category B biological weapons/bioterorism agents by CDC because of their low mortality,low morbitity and slow contamination properties in general. In this review, parasites whose role as potensialbioterrorism agents had beeen understood recently were discussed regarding to their potential bioterrorismproperties, biosafety studies and also biosafety conditions of laboratories where the studies are conducted

References

  • 1. Haas CN: Perspective: The role of risk analysis in understanding bioterrorism. Risk Analysis. 2002; 22 (4): 672.
  • 2. Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response: With guide to agents, diseases, and other threats, lab information, emergency preparedness for business, preparation and planning, and surveillance. Avaible at www.bt.cdc.go
  • 3. Harigel G: The concept of weapons of mass destruction in: Focus Group and Round Table on Biosecurity and Bioterrorism. Ed: Trapanni M 2000; Avaible at: http:// www.infn.it/landnet.
  • 4. Joseph B, Macintyre A, Gostin L, Inglesby T, O'Toole T, DeAtley C et al: Large-Scale Quarantine Following Biological Terrorism in the United States Scientific Examination, Logistic and Legal Limits, and Possible Consequences. JAMA 2001; 286: 2711-7.
  • 5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Biological and chemical terrorism: strategic plan for preparedness and response: recommendations of the CDC strategic planning workgroup. MMWR. 2000; 49 RR-4: 1-14.
  • 6. Biterrorism: Types of biological agents avaible at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioterrorism
  • 7. Yadav P, Blaine L. Microbiological threats to homeland security. Eng Med Biol Mag 2004; 23: 136-41.
  • 8. I. International Symposium on Bioterrorism, Major Epidemic Treats and Biosecurity, 18-23 July 2003; Spain Abstract book.
  • 9. Rose LB, Lisle JT and LeChevallier M. Waterborne cryptosporidiosis: incidence, outbreaks, and treatment strategies. In: R. Fayer, Editor, Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1997; 93–110.
  • 10. DuPont HL, Chappell CL, Sterling CR, Okhuysen PC, Rose JB and Jakubowski W. The infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum in healthy volunteers. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 855–9.
  • 11. Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook in: Cryptosporidium parvum avaible at: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~mow/chap24.html.
  • 12. Hannahs G, College K. Cryptosporidium parvum: an emerging pathogen. avaible at: http://biology.kenyon.edu/ slonc/bio38/hannahs/crypto.htm#diag.
  • 13. Cryptosporidiosis: Bioterrorism agent profiles for health care workers. 2004. avaible at: http://www.azdhs.gov/ phs/edc/edrp/es/pdf/cryptoset.
  • 14. Salem H. Issue in chemical and biological terrorism. Int J Toxicol 2003, 22: 465-71.
  • 15. Mac Kenzie WR, Hoxie NJ, Proctor ME, Gradus MS, Blair KA, Peterson DE, Kazmierczak JJ, Addis DG, Fox KR, Rose JB. A massive outbreak in Milwaukee of Cryptosporidium infection transmitted through the public water supply. N Engl J Med 1994; 331:161–7.
  • 16. Naumova EN, Egorov AI, Morris RD and Griffiths JK. The elderly and waterborne Cryptosporidium infection: gastroenteritis hospitalizations before and during the 1993 Milwaukee outbreak. Emerging Infectious Disease 2003; 9(4): 418-25.
  • 17. Sivapalasingam S, Friedman CR, Cohen L, Tauxe RV. Fresh produce: a growing cause of outbreaks of foodborne illness in the United States, 1973 through 1997. J Food Prot 2004; 67 (10): 2342-53.
  • 18. Mansfield LS, Gajadhar AA. Cyclospora cayetanensis, a food- and waterborne coccidian parasite. Vet Parasitol. 2004; 126: 73-90.
  • 19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Outbreak of cyclosporiasis associated with snowpeas, Pennsylvania. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2004; 24; 53(37): 876-8.
  • 20. Eberhard NJ, Arrowood MJ: Laboratory diagnosis of Cyclospora infections. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med 1997; 121: 792-7.
  • 21. Pappas G, Panagopoulou P, Christou L, Akritidis N. Category B potential bioterrorism agents: Bacteria, viruses, toxins and foodborne and waterborne pathogens. Infec Dis Clin N Am. 2006; 20(2): 395-421.
  • 22. Bruckner DA. Amebiasis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1992; 5: 356-69.
  • 23. Wolfe MS. Giardiasis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1992; 5: 93-100.
  • 24. Mathis A, Weber R, Deplazes P. Zoonotic potential of the microsporidia. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005; 18: 423-45.
  • 25. Molina JM, Tourneur M, Sarfati C, et al. Fumagillin treatment of intestinal microsporidiosis. N Engl J Med. 2002; 346: 1963-9.
  • 26. Montaya JG, Liesenfeld O. Toxoplasmosis. Lancet. 2004; 363: 1965-76.
  • 27. Chomel BB. Control and prevention of emerging zoonoses. J Vet Med Educ. 2003; 30 (2):145-7.
  • 28. Suarez Fernandez G. Biological Security Confronting Bioterrorism An R Acad Nac Med (Madr). 2002; 119 (1): 77-89
  • 29. Thompson R.C.A. Parasites and Biosecurtiy-the example of Austrilia. Trends in Parasitology 2003;19: 410-6.
  • 30. Sheeran TJ. Bioterrorism In: Encylopedia of Environmental Microbiology. 2002; Ed: Bitton G, New York.
  • 31. Sobel J, Khan AS, Swerdlow DL. Threat of a biological terrorist attack on the US food supply: te CDC perspective. Lancet 2002; 359: 874-81.
  • 32. Countering Bioterrorism DOE-Funded DNA-Based Technologies Track Identity, Origin of Biological Agents Human Genom News. 2002 12 (1-2). Avaible at: www.orml.gov/hgmis/project/about.html.
  • 33. Patt HA, Feigin RD. Diagnosis and management of suspected cases of bioterrorism: A pediatric perspective. 2005; Avaible at www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/109/4/685.
  • 34. Wolfgang F. Klietmann and Kathryn L. Ruoff. Bioterrorism: Implications for the Clinical Microbiologist. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2001; 14 (2): 364–81.
  • 35. World Health Organization: Laboratory biosafety manuel. 2003; 2 nd ed. http.//www.who.int/csr/resources/ publications/biosafety/Labiosafety.pdf
  • 36. Buckeridge DL, Burkom, Moore A, Pavlin J, Cutchis P, Hogan W. Evaluation of Syndromic Surveillance Systems: Design of an Epidemic Simulation Model. 2004; Morb Mortal Wkly Rep (53): 137-43
  • 37. Gilchrist, M JR, McKinney WP, Miller JM, Weissfeld AS. Cumitech 33, Laboratory safety, management, and diagnosis of biological agents associated with bioterrorism. 2000; Coordinating ed., J. W. Snyder. ASM Press, Washington, D.C.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Collection
Authors

Ümit Çimli Aksoy This is me

Ayşegül Taylan Özkan This is me

Publication Date April 1, 2006
Published in Issue Year 2006 Volume: 63 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Aksoy, Ü. Ç., & Özkan, A. T. (2006). Biyolojik Silah Olarak Paraziter Ajanlar. Türk Hijyen Ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 63(1), 79-84.
AMA Aksoy ÜÇ, Özkan AT. Biyolojik Silah Olarak Paraziter Ajanlar. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. April 2006;63(1):79-84.
Chicago Aksoy, Ümit Çimli, and Ayşegül Taylan Özkan. “Biyolojik Silah Olarak Paraziter Ajanlar”. Türk Hijyen Ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 63, no. 1 (April 2006): 79-84.
EndNote Aksoy ÜÇ, Özkan AT (April 1, 2006) Biyolojik Silah Olarak Paraziter Ajanlar. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 63 1 79–84.
IEEE Ü. Ç. Aksoy and A. T. Özkan, “Biyolojik Silah Olarak Paraziter Ajanlar”, Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 79–84, 2006.
ISNAD Aksoy, Ümit Çimli - Özkan, Ayşegül Taylan. “Biyolojik Silah Olarak Paraziter Ajanlar”. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 63/1 (April 2006), 79-84.
JAMA Aksoy ÜÇ, Özkan AT. Biyolojik Silah Olarak Paraziter Ajanlar. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. 2006;63:79–84.
MLA Aksoy, Ümit Çimli and Ayşegül Taylan Özkan. “Biyolojik Silah Olarak Paraziter Ajanlar”. Türk Hijyen Ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, vol. 63, no. 1, 2006, pp. 79-84.
Vancouver Aksoy ÜÇ, Özkan AT. Biyolojik Silah Olarak Paraziter Ajanlar. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. 2006;63(1):79-84.