Kalıcı organik kirleticiler KOK

Year 2013, Volume: 70 Issue: 3, 163 - 174, 01.09.2013

Hakan İstanbulluoğlu Ömer Faruk Tekbaş

Abstract

çevrede kalıcı özelliği olan kimyasal maddelerdir. KOK’in en önemli özellikleri biyoakümülasyon ve toksisitedir. KOK organik bileşiklerdir ve kimyasal ve biyolojik bozulmaya karşı oldukça dayanıklıdırlar. KOK’in önemli bir kısmını endüstriyel kimyasallar ve pestisitler oluşturmaktadır. Endüstriyel kimyasallar ve pestisitler dışında kalan KOK ise bazı pestisitlerin ya da atıkların yakılması işlemi sırasında yan ürün olarak oluşan bileşiklerdir. Tüm dünya genelinde KOK insan sağlığına ve doğal yaşama karşı bir tehdit unsuru olarak kabul edilmektedirler. KOK maruziyeti; kanserler, doğumsal anomaliler ve immun sistem bozuklukları gibi ciddi sağlık sorunlarına sebep olabilmektedir. KOK maruziyetinin en önemli kaynağı gıdalardır. KOK plasenta yolu ile fetüse, anne sütü yolu ile de bebeğe geçebilmektedir. Çok geniş bir alana yayılımları, kalıcılıkları ve biyoakümülasyon özellikleri nedeniyle hiçbir hükümetin insan ve çevre sağlığını KOK’den tek başına koruması mümkün değildir. Bu kapsamda, insan ve çevre sağlığını KOK’den korumayı amaçlayan Stockholm Konvansiyonu 2001 tarihinde İsveç’in Stockholm kentinde kurulmuştur. Stockholm Sözleşmesi’nde temel amaç; KOK’in kullanılmasına, üretimine, ithalat ve ihracatına yasaklama veya sınırlama getirmektir.Sözleşme, kalıcı organik kirleticilerin üretiminden bertarafına kadar tüm süreçlere ve yan ürün olarak üretilen KOK’lere ilişkin çeşitli düzenlemeler getirmektedir. Sözleşme aynı zamanda, yeni KOK’in geliştirilmesinin önlenmesi ve gelecekte diğer KOK’in de sözleşmeye dahil edilebilmesi hususlarını hükme bağlamaktadır. Türkiye, bu konvansiyonun üyesidir ve üyelik sorumluluklarını yerine getirmek için çalışmaktadır. Konu ile ilgili çok önemli diğer bir husus da kamuoyunun bilinçlendirilmesidir. Bu hususa bugüne kadar gerekli dikkatin sarf edildiğini ve toplumda KOK ve diğer endüstriyel kimyasallarla ilgili olarak bilgi seviyesinin artırıldığını söylemek oldukça zordur. Konunun çeşitli eğitimlerde ele alınması, gelecek nesillere sağlıklı bir çevre armağan etmenin anahtarıdır

Keywords

Kalıcı organik kirleticiler, sağlık

Persistent organic pollutants POPs

Abstract

Persistent Organic Pollutants POPs are chemical substances that persist in the environment. The most important features of POPs are bioaccumulation and toxicity. POPs are organic compounds and highly resistant against chemical and biological degradation. A significant part of POPs are generally classified as industrial chemicals and pesticides. POPs, apart from industrial chemicals and pesticides, are compounds formed as by-products during incineration of pesticides or same waste products. All over the world, POPs are considered as human health and natural life-threatening. Exposure to POPs can cause serious health problems like; cancers, congenital anomalies and immune system failure. Food is the most important source to exposed POPs. POPs can pass to the fetus through the placenta and can pass through breast milk to the baby. As widely distributed, bioaccumulation and persistence of POPs, none of the governments can protect human health or environment alone from POPs. In this context, The Stockholm Convention was founded in Stockholm, Sweden in 2001 to protect human health and the environment from POPs. The main objective of the Stockholm Convention is, to ban or restrict the use, production, imports and exports of thePOPs. Convention brings the various regulations or requirements about, all processes from production to disposal of POPs and POPs produced as a byproduct. At the same time convention stipulates; preventing the development of new POPs yeni KOK’in geliştirilmesinin önlenmesi ve gelecekte diğer KOK’in de sözleşmeye dahil edilebilmesi hususlarını hükme bağlamaktadır. Türkiye, bu konvansiyonun üyesidir ve üyelik sorumluluklarını yerine getirmek için çalışmaktadır. Konu ile ilgili çok önemli diğer bir husus da kamuoyunun bilinçlendirilmesidir. Bu hususa bugüne kadar gerekli dikkatin sarf edildiğini ve toplumda KOK ve diğer endüstriyel kimyasallarla ilgili olarak bilgi seviyesinin artırıldığını söylemek oldukça zordur. Konunun çeşitli eğitimlerde ele alınması, gelecek nesillere sağlıklı bir çevre armağan etmenin anahtarıdır.and future aspects of the other POPs can be included in the contract. Turkey is a member of this convention and working to fulfill the responsibilities of membership. Another very important aspect is the public awareness on the issue. It is very difficult to say that there is a sufficient knowledge and awareness level in the community on POPs and other industrial chemicals, making attention to this matter ever necessary. Education is the key to presenting a healthy environment to future generations

Keywords

Persistent organic pollutants, health

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