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HBV endemik bölgede serum HBV DNA düzeylerinin klinik önemi ve serolojik işaretler, ALT, AST ile ilişkisi

Year 2016, Volume: 73 Issue: 3, 211 - 220, 01.09.2016

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, HBV infeksiyonunun son derece yaygın olduğu Güneydoğu bölgesindeki büyük şehirlerden birinde HBV DNA polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu PCR testi için mikrobiyoloji laboratuvarına gönderilen hasta örneklerinde, demografik özellikler ve serolojik belirteçler, karaciğer enzimleri ve HBV DNA seviyeleri arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektir. Yöntem: Ekim 2009-Ekim 2010 tarihleri arasında Şanlıurfa Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesinde viral hepatitin rutin testlerinin bir parçası olan HBV DNA PCR testi için 1662 hastanın kan örneği laboratuvarımıza gönderildi. Bu örneklerde eş zamanlı olarak hepatit belirteçleri HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBs ve anti-HBc IgM ve karaciğer fonksiyon enzimleri ALT, AST çalışıldı.HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBs ve antiHBc IgM seviyeleri kemiluminesan mikropartikül immunoassay yöntemi ile Architect i2000 SR, Abbott, Ireland çalışıldı. ALT ve AST seviyeleri Roche Modular P ve Roche Integra otoanalizörde Roche Diagnostics Mannheim, Germany ticari kitler ile ölçüldü. HBV DNA PCR: Serum örneklerinde HBV DNA’nın izolasyonu M24sp otomatize ekstraksiyon cihazı Abbott, USA ile yapıldı. Saflaştırılmış DNA Abbott m2000 sample preparation system Abbott, USA yardımı ile ve RealTime PCR yöntemi ile DNA amplifikasyonu yapıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmamızda ortalama yaş 33,7 Min-Maks: 0-89 ve örneklerin çoğunluğu erkek cinsiyettedir Erkek/Kadın: 1103/559 . Hastaların %96.2’sinin HBsAg’si pozitifti ve bu hastaların ortanca ALT seviyesi 94 u/l Min-Maks: 4-2390 u/l iken, ortanca AST seviyesi 74 u/l Min-Maks: 7-2505 u/l ’dir. HBsAg pozitif hastaların %94.6’sında HBV DNA pozitif ve ortanca HBV DNA düzeyi 3.9x104 kopya/ml Min-Maks: 35-3.4x109 kopya/ml ’dir. HBsAg pozitif hastaların %17.1’inde HBeAg pozitif idi. HBsAg negatif hastaların %3.8 ortalanca ALT ve AST düzeyleri sırasıyla 32 u/l Min-Maks: 7-497 u/l ve 33 u/l MinMaks: 13-280 u/l ’dir. HBV DNA hastaların sadece %7.9’unda pozitifti ve ortanca HBV DNA seviyesi 155 kopya/ml Min-Maks: 34-624 kopya/ml idi. HBsAg negatif ve HBV DNA pozitif hastaların %71.4’ünde HBeAg negatif bulundu. 1662 hastanın 26 %1.6 ’sında HBsAg ve Anti-HBs’ nin her ikisi de negatif N/N idi. Bu N/N hastalarının sadece ikisi %7.7 anti-HBc pozitif bulundu. İki anti-HBc pozitif hastanın ortalama ALT ve AST seviyeleri sırasıyla 29.5 u/l ve 30.5 u/l idi. Bu hastaların birinin HBV DNA’sı negatif idi ve diğeri 3×102 kopya/ml ile pozitif bulundu. Sonuç: Hepatit B infeksiyonlarının tanısında ve tedavisinin takibinde daha güvenilir sonuçlar elde edebilmek için daha sık kullanılan serolojik ve biyokimyasal testler ile birlikte kantitatif HBV DNA testleri kullanılmalıdır

References

  • 1. Busca A, Kumar A. Innate immune responses in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Virol J, 2014; 11: 22.
  • 2. Duman Y, Kaysadu H, Tekerekoğlu MS. Hepatit B virüs infeksiyonunun seroprevalansı. İnönü Üni Tıp Fak Derg, 2009; 16 (4): 243-45.
  • 3. Sağlık I, Mutlu D, Ongut G, Güvenc HI, Akbaş H, Oğunc D, et al. Kronik hepatit B enfeksiyonu olan hastalarda HBsAg ve HBeAg değerlerinin HBV DNA ve Alanin Aminotransferaz düzeyleri ile karşılaştırılması. Viral Hepat J, 2013; 19 (3): 119- 22.
  • 4. Genç Ö, Aksu E. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Evliya Çelebi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesinde hepatit B serolojik testlerinin uygunsuz kullanımı, Kütahya. Mikrobiyol Bul, 2014; 48(4): 618-27.
  • 5. Ponde RA. The underlying mechanisms for the ‘‘isolated positivity for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)’’ serological profile. Med Microbiol Immunol, 2011; 200: 13-22.
  • 6. Biçeroğlu SU, Yazan Sertöz R, Zeytinoğlu A, Altuğlu İ. Hepatit B virus kantitasyonunda iki farklı gerçek zamanlı PCR testinin karşılaştırılması: COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan ve ARTHUS QS-RGQ KİT. Ege J Med, 2012; 51 (4): 233-7.
  • 7. Ocana S, Casas ML, Buhigas I, Lledo JL. Diagnostic strategy for occult hepatitis B virus infection. World J Gastroenterol, 2011; 17 (12): 1553-7.
  • 8. Gleason JA, Post GB, Fagliano JA. Associations of perfluorinated chemical serum concentration sand biomarkers of liver function and uricacid in the US population (NHANES), 2007–2010. Environ Res, 2015; 136: 8-14.
  • 9. Chen CJ, Yang HI, Su J, Jen CL, You SL, Lu SN. Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma across a biological gradient of serum hepatitis B virus DNA level. JAMA, 2006; 295: 65-73.
  • 10. Pawlotsky JM, Dusheiko G, Hatzakis A, Lau D, Lau G, Liang TJ, et al. Virologic monitoring of hepatitis B virus therapy in clinical trials and practice: Recommendations for a standardized approach. Gastroenterology, 2008; 134: 405-15.
  • 11. Kangin M, Turhanoglu M, Gulsun S, Cakabay B. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C among children in endemic areas of Turkey. Hepat Mon, 2010; 10 (1): 36-41.
  • 12. Toy M, Önder FO, Wörmann T, Bozdayi AM, Schalm SW, Borsboom GJ, et al. Age- and region-specific hepatitis B prevalence in Turkey estimated using generalized linear mixed models: a systematic review. BMC Infect Dis, 2011; 12: 337.
  • 13. Sünbül M, Leblebicioğlu H. Distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes in patients with chronic hepatitis B in Turkey. World J Gastroenterol, 2005; 11: 1976- 80.
  • 14. Sagnelli E, Stroffolini T, Ascione A, Chiaramonte M, Craxì A, Giusti G, et al. Decrease in HDV endemicity in Italy. J Hepatol, 1997; 26: 20-4.
  • 15. Celen MK, Koruk ST, Aygen B, Dal T, Karabay O, Tosun S, Koksal I, Turgut H , Onlen Y, Balik I, Yildirim N, Dal MS, Ayaz C, Tabak F. The characteristics of patients with chronic hepatitis B in Turkey. Med Glas (Zenica), 2014; 11(1):94-98.
  • 16. Kangin M, Turhanoglu M, Gulsun S, Cakabay B. Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and C among Children in Endemic Areas of Turkey. Hepatitis Monthly, 2010; 10(1):36-41.
  • 17. Ergünay K. Gizli (okült) hepatit B enfeksiyonu. Mikrobiyol Bul, 2005; 39:241-249.
  • 18. Altındiş M. Hepatit B virus (HBV) serolojik belirtecleri ile HBV DNA’nın varlığının karşılaştırılması. İnfeksiyon Dergisi (Turkish Journal of Infection), 2002; 16 (2): 141-5.
  • 19. Özbilge H, Zeyrek FY, Mızraklı Uzala A, Tümkaya B. Hepatit B virus DNA pozitifliği ve serolojik testler. Erciyes Tıp Dergisi (Erciyes Medical Journal), 2005; 27 (1)17-21.
  • 20. Ghafourian S, Mohebi R, Khosravi A, Maleki A, Davoodian A, Sadeghifard N. Detection of Hepatitis B Virus DNA by Real-Time PCR in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients, Ilam, Iran. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 2011; 9 (4):478-480.
  • 21. Kaya Ş, Baysal B, Temiz H, Karadağ Ö, Özdemir K, Bilman F. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C among patients admitted to a tertiary hospital. Viral Hepat J, 2014; 20: 120-4.
  • 22. Demirturk N, Demirdal T, Toprak D, Altindis M, Aktepe OC. Hepatitis B and C virus in West-Central Turkey: seroprevalence in healthy individuals admitted to a university hospital for routine health checks. Turk J Gastroenterol, 2006; 17 (4): 267-72.
  • 23. Pekbay A, Günaydın M, Eroğlu C, Bedir A, Esen Ş, Leblebicioğlu H. Hepatit B virüsü (HBV) serolojik göstergeleri ile HBV DNA arasındaki korelasyon. Viral Hepat Derg, 2001; 2: 302-4.
  • 24. Heper Y, Mıstık R, Özakın C, Töre O. Hepatit B virus (HBV) markerleri ile HBV- DNA ilişkisi: Bursa bölgesi sonuçları. Viral Hepat Derg, 1999; 2: 137-9.
  • 25. Yücesoy M, Bahar İH, Yuluğ N. Hepatit B virüs (HBV) serolojik belirleyicileri ile HBV DNA’nın karşılaştırılması. İnfeksiyon Derg, 1999; 4: 581-4.
  • 26. Külah C, Cömert F, Özlü N, Eroğlu Ö , Tekin İÖ. Hepatit B Virus (HBV) İnfeksiyonunda serolojik belirteçler, transaminaz düzeyleri ve HBV DNA’nın birlikte değerlendirilmesi. Viral Hepat Derg, 2007; 12 (3): 111-5
  • 27. Hadziyannis SJ. New developments in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther, 2006; 6 (9): 913-21.
  • 28. Değertekin H, Oğuz AK. Akut ve kronik HBV infeksiyonunda doğal seyir. Güncel Gastroenteroloji, 2010; 14/2: 54-8.
  • 29. Bal SH, Heper Y, Kumaş LT, Mıstık R, Töre O. İzole Anti-HBc pozitif olgularda HBV-DNA varlığının araştırılması ve bu olguların kan bankacılığı açısından önemi. Mikrobiyol Bul, 2009; 43: 243-50.
  • 30. Altunay H, Kosan E, Birinci I, Aksoy A, Kirali K, Saribas S, et al. Are isolated anti-HBc blood donors in high risk group? The detection of HBV DNA in isolated anti-HBc cases with nucleic acid amplification test (NAT) based on transcriptionmediated amplification (TMA) and HBV discrimination. Transfus Apher Sci, 2010; 43: 265–8.
  • 31. Yakaryilmaz F, Gurbuz OA, Guliter S, Mert A, Songur Y, Karakan T, et al. Prevalence of occult hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections in Turkish hemodialysis patients. Ren Fail, 2006; 28: 729-35
  • 32. Cabrerrizo M, Bartolome J, Caramelo C, Barril G, Carreno V. Molecular analysis of hepatitis B virus DNA in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from hepatitis B surface antigen-negative cases. Hepatology, 2000; 32: 116-23.
  • 33. Utsumi T, Yano Y, Truong B, Kawabata M, Hayashi Y. Characteristics of occult hepatitis B virus infection in the Solomon Islands. Int J Mol Med, 2011; 27: 829-34.
  • 34. Tanaka Y, Esumi M, Shikata T. Persistence of hepatitis B virus DNA after serological clearance of hepatitis B virus. Liver, 1990; 10: 6-10.
  • 35. Fukuda R, Ishimura N, Niigaki M, Hamamoto S, Satoh S, Tanaka S, et al. Serologically silent heapatitis B virus coinfection in patients with hepatitis C virus-associated chronic liver diseases:clinical and virological significance. J Med Virol, 1999; 58: 201-7.
  • 36. Huang XJ, Choi YK, Im HS, Yarimaga O, Yoon E, Kim HS. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST/GOT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT/GPT) detection techniques. Sensors, 2006; 6: 756-82.
  • 37. III. Viral hepatit tanı ve tedavi rehberi. Viral hepatitle savaşım derneği. Ankara, 2011.

Determination of serum hepatitis B virus DNA in HBV endemic region: Clinical significance and correlation with serological markers, ALT and AST

Year 2016, Volume: 73 Issue: 3, 211 - 220, 01.09.2016

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate, demographics and the relationship between serologic markers, liver enzymes and HBV DNA levels from the patients whose samples were sent to microbiology laboratory for HBV DNA polymerase chain reaction PCR test, in one of the greatest cities of Southeast Anatolia, where HBV infection is extremely common. Method: Between October 2009 and October 2010, blood samples of 1662 patients were sent to our laboratory for HBV DNA PCR testing as part of a routine examination for viral hepatitis in Şanlıurfa Training and Research Hospital in Turkey. Hepatitis markers HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc IgM and liver function enzymes ALT, AST are tested simultaneously in these samples. HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBs and antiHBc IgM levels were assessed with chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay method Architect-i2000 SR, Abbott, Ireland . ALT and AST levels were measured with commercial kits in Roche Modular-P and RocheIntegra autoanalysator Roche Diagnostics Mannheim, Germany . HBV DNA PCR: Isolation of HBV DNA from serum samples was done with M24sp automated extraction device Abbott, USA . Purified DNA was amplified with Real-Time PCR method with the help of Abbott-m2000 sample preparation system Abbott, USA .Results: The mean age was 33.7 Min-Max: 0-89 years old and the majority of the patients were male Male/Female: 1103/559 in the study. HBsAg was positive in 96.2% of the patients and the median ALT level of these patients were 94 u/l Min-Max: 4-2390 u/l , while median AST level was 74 u/l Min-Max: 7-2505 u/l . HBV DNA was positive in 94.6% of HBsAg positive patients and the median HBV DNA level was 3.9x104 copies/ml Min-Max: 35-3.4x109 copies/ml . HBeAg was positive in 17.1% of HBsAg positive patients. Median levels of ALT and AST in HBsAg negative patients 3.8% were 32 u/l Min-Max: 7-497 u/l and 33 u/l MinMax: 13-280 u/l respectively. HBV DNA was positive in only 7.9% of the patients with median HBV DNA level of 155 copies/ml Min-Max: 34-624 copies/ml . HBeAg was found negative in 71.4% of patients with negative HBsAg and positive HBV DNA. In 26 of 1662 patients 1.6% , both HBsAg and Anti-HBs were negative N/N . Only two of the N/N patients 7.7% were found anti-HBc positive. Mean ALT and AST levels of two anti-HBc positive patients were 29.5 u/l and 30.5 u/l, respectively. HBV DNA was negative in one of these patients, and the other was found positive with a level of 3×102 copies/ml. Conclusion: To acquire more reliable results on the diagnosis and follow-up of the treatment of Hepatitis B, quantitative HBV DNA tests should be used in together with more frequently used serologic and biochemical methods.

References

  • 1. Busca A, Kumar A. Innate immune responses in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Virol J, 2014; 11: 22.
  • 2. Duman Y, Kaysadu H, Tekerekoğlu MS. Hepatit B virüs infeksiyonunun seroprevalansı. İnönü Üni Tıp Fak Derg, 2009; 16 (4): 243-45.
  • 3. Sağlık I, Mutlu D, Ongut G, Güvenc HI, Akbaş H, Oğunc D, et al. Kronik hepatit B enfeksiyonu olan hastalarda HBsAg ve HBeAg değerlerinin HBV DNA ve Alanin Aminotransferaz düzeyleri ile karşılaştırılması. Viral Hepat J, 2013; 19 (3): 119- 22.
  • 4. Genç Ö, Aksu E. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Evliya Çelebi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesinde hepatit B serolojik testlerinin uygunsuz kullanımı, Kütahya. Mikrobiyol Bul, 2014; 48(4): 618-27.
  • 5. Ponde RA. The underlying mechanisms for the ‘‘isolated positivity for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)’’ serological profile. Med Microbiol Immunol, 2011; 200: 13-22.
  • 6. Biçeroğlu SU, Yazan Sertöz R, Zeytinoğlu A, Altuğlu İ. Hepatit B virus kantitasyonunda iki farklı gerçek zamanlı PCR testinin karşılaştırılması: COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan ve ARTHUS QS-RGQ KİT. Ege J Med, 2012; 51 (4): 233-7.
  • 7. Ocana S, Casas ML, Buhigas I, Lledo JL. Diagnostic strategy for occult hepatitis B virus infection. World J Gastroenterol, 2011; 17 (12): 1553-7.
  • 8. Gleason JA, Post GB, Fagliano JA. Associations of perfluorinated chemical serum concentration sand biomarkers of liver function and uricacid in the US population (NHANES), 2007–2010. Environ Res, 2015; 136: 8-14.
  • 9. Chen CJ, Yang HI, Su J, Jen CL, You SL, Lu SN. Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma across a biological gradient of serum hepatitis B virus DNA level. JAMA, 2006; 295: 65-73.
  • 10. Pawlotsky JM, Dusheiko G, Hatzakis A, Lau D, Lau G, Liang TJ, et al. Virologic monitoring of hepatitis B virus therapy in clinical trials and practice: Recommendations for a standardized approach. Gastroenterology, 2008; 134: 405-15.
  • 11. Kangin M, Turhanoglu M, Gulsun S, Cakabay B. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C among children in endemic areas of Turkey. Hepat Mon, 2010; 10 (1): 36-41.
  • 12. Toy M, Önder FO, Wörmann T, Bozdayi AM, Schalm SW, Borsboom GJ, et al. Age- and region-specific hepatitis B prevalence in Turkey estimated using generalized linear mixed models: a systematic review. BMC Infect Dis, 2011; 12: 337.
  • 13. Sünbül M, Leblebicioğlu H. Distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes in patients with chronic hepatitis B in Turkey. World J Gastroenterol, 2005; 11: 1976- 80.
  • 14. Sagnelli E, Stroffolini T, Ascione A, Chiaramonte M, Craxì A, Giusti G, et al. Decrease in HDV endemicity in Italy. J Hepatol, 1997; 26: 20-4.
  • 15. Celen MK, Koruk ST, Aygen B, Dal T, Karabay O, Tosun S, Koksal I, Turgut H , Onlen Y, Balik I, Yildirim N, Dal MS, Ayaz C, Tabak F. The characteristics of patients with chronic hepatitis B in Turkey. Med Glas (Zenica), 2014; 11(1):94-98.
  • 16. Kangin M, Turhanoglu M, Gulsun S, Cakabay B. Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and C among Children in Endemic Areas of Turkey. Hepatitis Monthly, 2010; 10(1):36-41.
  • 17. Ergünay K. Gizli (okült) hepatit B enfeksiyonu. Mikrobiyol Bul, 2005; 39:241-249.
  • 18. Altındiş M. Hepatit B virus (HBV) serolojik belirtecleri ile HBV DNA’nın varlığının karşılaştırılması. İnfeksiyon Dergisi (Turkish Journal of Infection), 2002; 16 (2): 141-5.
  • 19. Özbilge H, Zeyrek FY, Mızraklı Uzala A, Tümkaya B. Hepatit B virus DNA pozitifliği ve serolojik testler. Erciyes Tıp Dergisi (Erciyes Medical Journal), 2005; 27 (1)17-21.
  • 20. Ghafourian S, Mohebi R, Khosravi A, Maleki A, Davoodian A, Sadeghifard N. Detection of Hepatitis B Virus DNA by Real-Time PCR in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients, Ilam, Iran. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 2011; 9 (4):478-480.
  • 21. Kaya Ş, Baysal B, Temiz H, Karadağ Ö, Özdemir K, Bilman F. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C among patients admitted to a tertiary hospital. Viral Hepat J, 2014; 20: 120-4.
  • 22. Demirturk N, Demirdal T, Toprak D, Altindis M, Aktepe OC. Hepatitis B and C virus in West-Central Turkey: seroprevalence in healthy individuals admitted to a university hospital for routine health checks. Turk J Gastroenterol, 2006; 17 (4): 267-72.
  • 23. Pekbay A, Günaydın M, Eroğlu C, Bedir A, Esen Ş, Leblebicioğlu H. Hepatit B virüsü (HBV) serolojik göstergeleri ile HBV DNA arasındaki korelasyon. Viral Hepat Derg, 2001; 2: 302-4.
  • 24. Heper Y, Mıstık R, Özakın C, Töre O. Hepatit B virus (HBV) markerleri ile HBV- DNA ilişkisi: Bursa bölgesi sonuçları. Viral Hepat Derg, 1999; 2: 137-9.
  • 25. Yücesoy M, Bahar İH, Yuluğ N. Hepatit B virüs (HBV) serolojik belirleyicileri ile HBV DNA’nın karşılaştırılması. İnfeksiyon Derg, 1999; 4: 581-4.
  • 26. Külah C, Cömert F, Özlü N, Eroğlu Ö , Tekin İÖ. Hepatit B Virus (HBV) İnfeksiyonunda serolojik belirteçler, transaminaz düzeyleri ve HBV DNA’nın birlikte değerlendirilmesi. Viral Hepat Derg, 2007; 12 (3): 111-5
  • 27. Hadziyannis SJ. New developments in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther, 2006; 6 (9): 913-21.
  • 28. Değertekin H, Oğuz AK. Akut ve kronik HBV infeksiyonunda doğal seyir. Güncel Gastroenteroloji, 2010; 14/2: 54-8.
  • 29. Bal SH, Heper Y, Kumaş LT, Mıstık R, Töre O. İzole Anti-HBc pozitif olgularda HBV-DNA varlığının araştırılması ve bu olguların kan bankacılığı açısından önemi. Mikrobiyol Bul, 2009; 43: 243-50.
  • 30. Altunay H, Kosan E, Birinci I, Aksoy A, Kirali K, Saribas S, et al. Are isolated anti-HBc blood donors in high risk group? The detection of HBV DNA in isolated anti-HBc cases with nucleic acid amplification test (NAT) based on transcriptionmediated amplification (TMA) and HBV discrimination. Transfus Apher Sci, 2010; 43: 265–8.
  • 31. Yakaryilmaz F, Gurbuz OA, Guliter S, Mert A, Songur Y, Karakan T, et al. Prevalence of occult hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections in Turkish hemodialysis patients. Ren Fail, 2006; 28: 729-35
  • 32. Cabrerrizo M, Bartolome J, Caramelo C, Barril G, Carreno V. Molecular analysis of hepatitis B virus DNA in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from hepatitis B surface antigen-negative cases. Hepatology, 2000; 32: 116-23.
  • 33. Utsumi T, Yano Y, Truong B, Kawabata M, Hayashi Y. Characteristics of occult hepatitis B virus infection in the Solomon Islands. Int J Mol Med, 2011; 27: 829-34.
  • 34. Tanaka Y, Esumi M, Shikata T. Persistence of hepatitis B virus DNA after serological clearance of hepatitis B virus. Liver, 1990; 10: 6-10.
  • 35. Fukuda R, Ishimura N, Niigaki M, Hamamoto S, Satoh S, Tanaka S, et al. Serologically silent heapatitis B virus coinfection in patients with hepatitis C virus-associated chronic liver diseases:clinical and virological significance. J Med Virol, 1999; 58: 201-7.
  • 36. Huang XJ, Choi YK, Im HS, Yarimaga O, Yoon E, Kim HS. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST/GOT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT/GPT) detection techniques. Sensors, 2006; 6: 756-82.
  • 37. III. Viral hepatit tanı ve tedavi rehberi. Viral hepatitle savaşım derneği. Ankara, 2011.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Tuba Muderris This is me

Osman Sezer Cirit This is me

Tulin Yazıcı This is me

Publication Date September 1, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 73 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Muderris, T., Cirit, O. S., & Yazıcı, T. (2016). Determination of serum hepatitis B virus DNA in HBV endemic region: Clinical significance and correlation with serological markers, ALT and AST. Türk Hijyen Ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 73(3), 211-220.
AMA Muderris T, Cirit OS, Yazıcı T. Determination of serum hepatitis B virus DNA in HBV endemic region: Clinical significance and correlation with serological markers, ALT and AST. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. September 2016;73(3):211-220.
Chicago Muderris, Tuba, Osman Sezer Cirit, and Tulin Yazıcı. “Determination of Serum Hepatitis B Virus DNA in HBV Endemic Region: Clinical Significance and Correlation With Serological Markers, ALT and AST”. Türk Hijyen Ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 73, no. 3 (September 2016): 211-20.
EndNote Muderris T, Cirit OS, Yazıcı T (September 1, 2016) Determination of serum hepatitis B virus DNA in HBV endemic region: Clinical significance and correlation with serological markers, ALT and AST. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 73 3 211–220.
IEEE T. Muderris, O. S. Cirit, and T. Yazıcı, “Determination of serum hepatitis B virus DNA in HBV endemic region: Clinical significance and correlation with serological markers, ALT and AST”, Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg, vol. 73, no. 3, pp. 211–220, 2016.
ISNAD Muderris, Tuba et al. “Determination of Serum Hepatitis B Virus DNA in HBV Endemic Region: Clinical Significance and Correlation With Serological Markers, ALT and AST”. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 73/3 (September 2016), 211-220.
JAMA Muderris T, Cirit OS, Yazıcı T. Determination of serum hepatitis B virus DNA in HBV endemic region: Clinical significance and correlation with serological markers, ALT and AST. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. 2016;73:211–220.
MLA Muderris, Tuba et al. “Determination of Serum Hepatitis B Virus DNA in HBV Endemic Region: Clinical Significance and Correlation With Serological Markers, ALT and AST”. Türk Hijyen Ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, vol. 73, no. 3, 2016, pp. 211-20.
Vancouver Muderris T, Cirit OS, Yazıcı T. Determination of serum hepatitis B virus DNA in HBV endemic region: Clinical significance and correlation with serological markers, ALT and AST. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. 2016;73(3):211-20.