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Evsel atık su arıtma tesislerinin sucul ekosisteme mikroplastik tehditi

Year 2017, Volume: 74 Issue: EK-1, 73 - 78, 01.12.2017

Abstract

Amaç: Evsel atık su arıtma tesislerinin çıkış sularındaki kozmetik ürünleri ve giysilerdeki fiberlerden kaynaklanan mikroplastiklerin, sucul ekosistemle buluşmasının en büyük kaynağı olarak düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı atık su arıtma tesislerinden çıkan deşarj sularında mikroplastik tespit edilen çalışmaların bir araya toplanılarak mikroplastik gerçeğine daha geniş açıdan bakabilmektedir. Yöntem: Dünyanın farklı noktalarında yürütülen ve atık su arıtma tesislerinden çıkan suların deşarj edildiği noktalara etkisinin araştırıldığı çalışmalar belirlenmiş ve bu çalışmalara ait bulgular bir araya getirilmiştir. Derleme metni içerisinde Amerika, Avrupa, Avustralya ve Asya kıtalarında yapılmış çalışmalara yer verilmiştir. Bulgular: Derlemeye dahil edilen dört ayrı kıtaya ait beş çalışmanın sonucunda da atık sularda yüksek miktarlarda mikroplastik olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Mikroplastiğin boyutuna, türüne göre sınıflandırılmalar yapıldığı çalışmada 0,2 mikroplastik/L ile 25,8 mikroplastik/L aralığında olduğu ve tespit edilen en yaygın plastik türünün polietilen olduğu belirtilmiştir. Detaylı yürütülen bazı çalışmalarda ise mikroplastiğin su içinde hem yüzeyde hem yüzeye yakın noktada hem de sedimentlerde biriktiği saptanmıştır. Bu durum verilen hasarın ortadan kaldırma şansını azaltmaktadır.Sonuç: Dünyanın dört ayrı kıtasında yapılan çalışmalar ortak bir sonuca varmış ve atık su arıtma tesislerin, mikroplastikleri deşarj edildiği nokta vasıtasıyla sucul ekosisteme hergün binlerce mikroplastik salınımı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ve sucul ekosistemin mikroplastik kaynağının deşarj edilen atık sular olduğu görüşü oluşmuştur.

References

  • Anonymous. Plastic Europe. An analysis of European plastics production, demand and waste data. http://www.plasticseurope.org/ Document/plastics---the-facts-2015.aspx, Erişim Tarihi: 12 Nisan 2016.
  • Andrady AL. Microplastics in the marine environment. Mar Pollut Bull, 2011; 62: 1596– 605.
  • Thompson RC, Olsen Y, Mitchell RP, Davis A, Rowland SJ, John AWG, et all. Lost at Sea: Where is all the plastic? Science, 2004; 304(5672):838.
  • Barnes DKA, Galgani F, Thompson RC, Barlaz M. Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments. Phil Trans R Soc B, 2009; 364:1526.
  • Derraik JGB. The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: a review. Mar Pollut Bull, 2002; 44: 842–52.
  • Mato Y, Isobe T, Takada H, Kanehiro H, Ohtake C, Kaminuma T. Plastic resin pellets as a transport medium for toxic chemicals in the marine environment. Environ Sci Technol, 2001; 35: 318- 24.
  • Browne MA, Crump P, Niven SJ, Teuten EL, Tonkin A, Galloway T, et all. Accumulations of microplastic on shorelines worldwide: sources and Ssinks, Environ Sci Technol, 2011; 45:9175−79.
  • Graham ER, Thompson JT. Deposit and suspension - feeding sea cucumbers (echinodermata) ingest plastic fragments. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol, 2009; 368: 22-9
  • Cole M, Lindeque P, Fileman E, Halsband C, Goodhead R, Moger J, et all. Microplastic ingestion by zooplankton. Environ Sci Technol, 2013;47:12, 6646-55.
  • Setälä O, Fleming V, Lehtiniemi M. Ingestion and transfer of microplastics in the planktonic food web. Environ Pollut, 2013; 185:77-83.
  • Foekema EM, De Gruijter C, Mergia MT, vanFraneker JA, Murk AJ, Koelmans AA. Plastic in north sea fish, Environ Sci Technol, 2013; 47:15, 8818–24.
  • Steve AC, Jin L, Arnold GT. Transport and fate of microplastic particles in wastewater treatment plants. Water Res, 2016; 91:174–82.
  • Estahbanati S, Fahrenfeld NL. Influence of wastewater treatment plant discharges on microplastic concentrations in surface water. Chemosphere, 2016; 162:277-84.
  • Mintenig SM, Int-Veen I, Löder MGJ, Primpke S, Gerdts G. Identification of microplastic in effluents of wastewater treatment plants using focal plane array-based micro-fourier-transform infrared imaging. Water Res, 2017; 108:365–72.
  • Lesliea HA, Brandsma SH, van Velzen MJM, Vethaak AD. Microplastics en route: field measurements in the Dutch river delta and Amsterdam canals, wastewater treatment plants, North Sea sediments and biota. Environ Int, 2017; 101:133-42.
  • Su L, Xue Y, Li L, Yang D, Kolandhasamy P, Li D, et all. Microplastics in taihu lake, China. Environ Pollut, 2016; 216:711-9.
  • Ziajahromia S, Neale PA, Rintoul L, Leusch FDL. Wastewater treatment plants as a pathway for microplastics: development of a new approach to sample wastewater-based microplastics. Water Res, 2017; 112:93–9.

Microplastic threat to aquatic ecosystems of the municipal wastewater treatment plant

Year 2017, Volume: 74 Issue: EK-1, 73 - 78, 01.12.2017

Abstract

Objective: The effluent of domestic waste water treatment plants are considered to be the greatest source of microplastics from cosmetic products and clothing fibers to the aquatic ecosystem. The aim of this study is to collect microplastic studies and to take a closer look at state of microplastic pollution. Methods: For this purpose, Studies on the effect of the point where the effluent from the waste water treatment plants are discharged, are determined. And the findings of these studies were put together. The compilation text included work done in the Americas, Europe, Australia and Asia. Results: In the result of five studies belonging to four different continent, it was determined that they were microplastic in waste water in high amounts. It has been determined that microplastics are high in samples of waste water which are included in the investigation. Classification according to the amount of microplastic is in the range of 0,2 microplastic/L to 25,8 microplastic/L and the most common plastic strain found was polyethylene. According to studies microplastics could be found in the water surface, near the surface and in the sediments. This reduces the chance of removing the environmental damage.Conclusion: The work carried out in four different parts of the world has reached a common result. And waste water treatment plants have been found to release thousands of microplastics per day in the aquatic ecosystem through the point at which effluent was discharged. And they all agree that discharged waste water is the most common source of microplastic aquatic ecosystem.

References

  • Anonymous. Plastic Europe. An analysis of European plastics production, demand and waste data. http://www.plasticseurope.org/ Document/plastics---the-facts-2015.aspx, Erişim Tarihi: 12 Nisan 2016.
  • Andrady AL. Microplastics in the marine environment. Mar Pollut Bull, 2011; 62: 1596– 605.
  • Thompson RC, Olsen Y, Mitchell RP, Davis A, Rowland SJ, John AWG, et all. Lost at Sea: Where is all the plastic? Science, 2004; 304(5672):838.
  • Barnes DKA, Galgani F, Thompson RC, Barlaz M. Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments. Phil Trans R Soc B, 2009; 364:1526.
  • Derraik JGB. The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: a review. Mar Pollut Bull, 2002; 44: 842–52.
  • Mato Y, Isobe T, Takada H, Kanehiro H, Ohtake C, Kaminuma T. Plastic resin pellets as a transport medium for toxic chemicals in the marine environment. Environ Sci Technol, 2001; 35: 318- 24.
  • Browne MA, Crump P, Niven SJ, Teuten EL, Tonkin A, Galloway T, et all. Accumulations of microplastic on shorelines worldwide: sources and Ssinks, Environ Sci Technol, 2011; 45:9175−79.
  • Graham ER, Thompson JT. Deposit and suspension - feeding sea cucumbers (echinodermata) ingest plastic fragments. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol, 2009; 368: 22-9
  • Cole M, Lindeque P, Fileman E, Halsband C, Goodhead R, Moger J, et all. Microplastic ingestion by zooplankton. Environ Sci Technol, 2013;47:12, 6646-55.
  • Setälä O, Fleming V, Lehtiniemi M. Ingestion and transfer of microplastics in the planktonic food web. Environ Pollut, 2013; 185:77-83.
  • Foekema EM, De Gruijter C, Mergia MT, vanFraneker JA, Murk AJ, Koelmans AA. Plastic in north sea fish, Environ Sci Technol, 2013; 47:15, 8818–24.
  • Steve AC, Jin L, Arnold GT. Transport and fate of microplastic particles in wastewater treatment plants. Water Res, 2016; 91:174–82.
  • Estahbanati S, Fahrenfeld NL. Influence of wastewater treatment plant discharges on microplastic concentrations in surface water. Chemosphere, 2016; 162:277-84.
  • Mintenig SM, Int-Veen I, Löder MGJ, Primpke S, Gerdts G. Identification of microplastic in effluents of wastewater treatment plants using focal plane array-based micro-fourier-transform infrared imaging. Water Res, 2017; 108:365–72.
  • Lesliea HA, Brandsma SH, van Velzen MJM, Vethaak AD. Microplastics en route: field measurements in the Dutch river delta and Amsterdam canals, wastewater treatment plants, North Sea sediments and biota. Environ Int, 2017; 101:133-42.
  • Su L, Xue Y, Li L, Yang D, Kolandhasamy P, Li D, et all. Microplastics in taihu lake, China. Environ Pollut, 2016; 216:711-9.
  • Ziajahromia S, Neale PA, Rintoul L, Leusch FDL. Wastewater treatment plants as a pathway for microplastics: development of a new approach to sample wastewater-based microplastics. Water Res, 2017; 112:93–9.
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ceyhun Akarsu This is me

Ahmet Erkan Kıdeyş This is me

Halil Kumbur This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 74 Issue: EK-1

Cite

APA Akarsu, C., Kıdeyş, A. E., & Kumbur, H. (2017). Evsel atık su arıtma tesislerinin sucul ekosisteme mikroplastik tehditi. Türk Hijyen Ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 74(EK-1), 73-78.
AMA Akarsu C, Kıdeyş AE, Kumbur H. Evsel atık su arıtma tesislerinin sucul ekosisteme mikroplastik tehditi. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. December 2017;74(EK-1):73-78.
Chicago Akarsu, Ceyhun, Ahmet Erkan Kıdeyş, and Halil Kumbur. “Evsel atık Su arıtma Tesislerinin Sucul Ekosisteme Mikroplastik Tehditi”. Türk Hijyen Ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 74, no. EK-1 (December 2017): 73-78.
EndNote Akarsu C, Kıdeyş AE, Kumbur H (December 1, 2017) Evsel atık su arıtma tesislerinin sucul ekosisteme mikroplastik tehditi. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 74 EK-1 73–78.
IEEE C. Akarsu, A. E. Kıdeyş, and H. Kumbur, “Evsel atık su arıtma tesislerinin sucul ekosisteme mikroplastik tehditi”, Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg, vol. 74, no. EK-1, pp. 73–78, 2017.
ISNAD Akarsu, Ceyhun et al. “Evsel atık Su arıtma Tesislerinin Sucul Ekosisteme Mikroplastik Tehditi”. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 74/EK-1 (December 2017), 73-78.
JAMA Akarsu C, Kıdeyş AE, Kumbur H. Evsel atık su arıtma tesislerinin sucul ekosisteme mikroplastik tehditi. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. 2017;74:73–78.
MLA Akarsu, Ceyhun et al. “Evsel atık Su arıtma Tesislerinin Sucul Ekosisteme Mikroplastik Tehditi”. Türk Hijyen Ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, vol. 74, no. EK-1, 2017, pp. 73-78.
Vancouver Akarsu C, Kıdeyş AE, Kumbur H. Evsel atık su arıtma tesislerinin sucul ekosisteme mikroplastik tehditi. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. 2017;74(EK-1):73-8.