Evsel atık su arıtma tesislerinin sucul ekosisteme mikroplastik tehditi

Year 2017, Volume: 74 Issue: EK-1, 73 - 78, 01.12.2017

Ceyhun Akarsu Ahmet Erkan Kıdeyş Halil Kumbur

Abstract

Amaç: Evsel atık su arıtma tesislerinin çıkış sularındaki kozmetik ürünleri ve giysilerdeki fiberlerden kaynaklanan mikroplastiklerin, sucul ekosistemle buluşmasının en büyük kaynağı olarak düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı atık su arıtma tesislerinden çıkan deşarj sularında mikroplastik tespit edilen çalışmaların bir araya toplanılarak mikroplastik gerçeğine daha geniş açıdan bakabilmektedir. Yöntem: Dünyanın farklı noktalarında yürütülen ve atık su arıtma tesislerinden çıkan suların deşarj edildiği noktalara etkisinin araştırıldığı çalışmalar belirlenmiş ve bu çalışmalara ait bulgular bir araya getirilmiştir. Derleme metni içerisinde Amerika, Avrupa, Avustralya ve Asya kıtalarında yapılmış çalışmalara yer verilmiştir. Bulgular: Derlemeye dahil edilen dört ayrı kıtaya ait beş çalışmanın sonucunda da atık sularda yüksek miktarlarda mikroplastik olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Mikroplastiğin boyutuna, türüne göre sınıflandırılmalar yapıldığı çalışmada 0,2 mikroplastik/L ile 25,8 mikroplastik/L aralığında olduğu ve tespit edilen en yaygın plastik türünün polietilen olduğu belirtilmiştir. Detaylı yürütülen bazı çalışmalarda ise mikroplastiğin su içinde hem yüzeyde hem yüzeye yakın noktada hem de sedimentlerde biriktiği saptanmıştır. Bu durum verilen hasarın ortadan kaldırma şansını azaltmaktadır.Sonuç: Dünyanın dört ayrı kıtasında yapılan çalışmalar ortak bir sonuca varmış ve atık su arıtma tesislerin, mikroplastikleri deşarj edildiği nokta vasıtasıyla sucul ekosisteme hergün binlerce mikroplastik salınımı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ve sucul ekosistemin mikroplastik kaynağının deşarj edilen atık sular olduğu görüşü oluşmuştur.

Keywords

mikroplastikler, sucul ekosistem, atık su arıtma tesisleri, evsel atık su

Microplastic threat to aquatic ecosystems of the municipal wastewater treatment plant

Abstract

Objective: The effluent of domestic waste water treatment plants are considered to be the greatest source of microplastics from cosmetic products and clothing fibers to the aquatic ecosystem. The aim of this study is to collect microplastic studies and to take a closer look at state of microplastic pollution. Methods: For this purpose, Studies on the effect of the point where the effluent from the waste water treatment plants are discharged, are determined. And the findings of these studies were put together. The compilation text included work done in the Americas, Europe, Australia and Asia. Results: In the result of five studies belonging to four different continent, it was determined that they were microplastic in waste water in high amounts. It has been determined that microplastics are high in samples of waste water which are included in the investigation. Classification according to the amount of microplastic is in the range of 0,2 microplastic/L to 25,8 microplastic/L and the most common plastic strain found was polyethylene. According to studies microplastics could be found in the water surface, near the surface and in the sediments. This reduces the chance of removing the environmental damage.Conclusion: The work carried out in four different parts of the world has reached a common result. And waste water treatment plants have been found to release thousands of microplastics per day in the aquatic ecosystem through the point at which effluent was discharged. And they all agree that discharged waste water is the most common source of microplastic aquatic ecosystem.

Keywords

mircoplastics, aquatic ecosystem, waste water treatment plant, domestic waste water

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