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Şişelenmiş içme sularında Helicobacter pylori DNA’sının araştırılması: Bir ön çalışma

Year 2020, Volume: 77 Issue: EK-4, 71 - 76, 01.05.2020

Abstract

Amaç: Helicobacter pylori insan mide mukozasına yerleşen ve dünyadaki insanların yarısını etkilediği bilinen bir bakteridir. Peptik ülser, mide adenokarsinomu ve mukoza ilişkili lenfoid doku MALT lenfomalarında etken olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Ancak, bakterinin doğal konağı ve rezervuarı kesin olarak bilinmemektedir. Bulaşmasında fekal-oral, oral-oral, gastro-oral yolların etkili olduğu; kontamine besin ve suyun bu yollara kaynak olabileceği ileri sürülmektedir. Bakterinin virülansında önemli rol oynayan uyum kabiliyeti ve biyofilm oluşturma özelliği su ile bulaşmasına yönelik çalışmaların temelini oluşturmuştur. Bununla ilişkili olarak birçok çalışmada bakteri DNA’sı içme sularında, yüzey sularında, yeraltı sularında ve atık sularda saptanmıştır. Bu ön çalışmada içme suyu örneklerinde H. pylori DNA’sının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: Farklı markalara ait 35 içme suyu 500 mL’lik Mart-Haziran 2019’da İstanbul çevresinden toplanmıştır. İncelenen su örneklerinin pH aralıklarının alkali pH’ya yakın pH:6,6 - 8,45 aralığında olduğu görülmüştür. Su örnekleri 0,22 µM por çaplı membran filtrelerde süzülmüş ardından her bir filtre içeren Beyin Kalp İnfüzyon sıvı besiyerinde BKI ’da oda sıcaklığında 30 dakika bekletilmiş ve filtrelerin bulunduğu besiyerleri soğutmalı santrifüjde +4 °C çevrilmiştir. Daha sonra besiyerlerinden DNA izolasyonu yapılmıştır. Bakterinin ureC glmM geni Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu PZR ile çoğaltılmış ve ürünler %1,5’luk agaroz jel elektroforezinde görüntülenmiştir.Bulgular: Bu çalışmada incelenen su örneklerinde H. pylori DNA’sı saptanmamıştır.Sonuç: Bu ön çalışmanın sonuçları, bu coğrafyada içme sularının H. pylori bulaşmasında rolü olmadığını düşündürmüştür. Ancak bu çalışmada incelenen örnek sayısının az olması ve sadece 500 mL’lik ambalajda satılan şişelerin değerlendirilmiş olmasından dolayı daha geniş kapsamlı çalışmaların yapılması önemlidir. Bu nedenle 19L’lik olarak şişelenmiş damacana suları, musluk suları ve çeşitli su tankları gibi su kaynaklarının incelenmesi, bakterinin bulaşmasında suyun rolünün anlaşılması için yararlı olabilir

References

  • Hooi JK, Lai WY, Ng WK, Suen MM, Underwood FE, Tanyingoh D, et al. Global prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection: systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterol, 2017; 153(2): 420-429.
  • Amirhooshang A, Ramin A, Ehsan A, Mansour R & Shahram B. High frequency of Helicobacter pylori DNA in drinking water in Kermanshah, Iran, during June–November 2012. J Water Health, 2014; 12(3): 504-512.
  • Vale FF, Vítor JMB. Transmission pathway of Helicobacter pylori: does food play a role in rural and urban areas? Int J Food Microbiol, 2010;138(1- 2): 1-12.
  • Kusters JG, van Vliet AH, Kuipers EJ. Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Clin Microbiol Rev, 2006; 19: 449–90
  • Backert S, Neddermann M, Maubach G, Naumann M. Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter, 2016; 21 (S1): 19–25.
  • Farinha P, Gascoyne RD. Helicobacter pylori and MALT Lymphoma. Gastroenterol, 2005; 128,1579– 605.
  • International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 1994. Working Group IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans. Schistosomas, Liver Flukes and Helicobacter pylori 61 Lyon, France.
  • She FF, Lin JY, Liu JY, Huang C, Su DH. Virulence of water-induced coccoid Helicobacter pylori and its experimental infection in mice. World J Gastroenterol, 2003; 9: 516–520.
  • Azevedo NF, Almeida C, Cerqueira L, Dias S, Keevil CW, Vieira MJ. Coccoid form of Helicobacter pylori as a morphological manifestation of cell adaptation to the environment. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2007;73: 3423–7.
  • Saito N, Konishi K, Sato F, Kato M, Takeda H, Sugiyama T, et al. Plural transformation-processes from spiral to coccoid Helicobacter pylori and its viability. J Infect, 2003;46: 49–55.
  • Aziz RK, Khalifa MM, Sharaf RR. Contaminated water as a source of Helicobacter pylori infection: A review. J Advan res, 2015; 6(4): 539-547.
  • Hultén K, Han SW, Enroth H, Klein PD, Opekun AR, Gilman RH, et al. Helicobacter pylori in the drinking water in Peru. Gastroenterol, 1996;110:1031–5.
  • Hultén K, Enroth H, Nystrom T, Engstrand L. Presence of Helicobacter species DNA in Swedish water. J Appl Microbiol, 1998;85: 282–6.
  • Khan A, Farooqui A, Kazmi SU. Presence of Helicobacter pylori in drinking water of Karachi, Pakistan. J Infect Dev Ctries, 2012;6: 251–5.
  • Bahrami AR, Rahimi E, Ghasemian Safaei H. Detection of Helicobacter pylori in city water, dental units’ water, and bottled mineral water in Isfahan, Iran. Sci World J, 2013;280510.
  • Moreno Y, Ferrus MA. Specific detection of cultivable Helicobacter pylori cells from wastewater treatment plants. Helicobacter, 2012;17: 327–32.
  • Horiuchi T, Ohkusa T, Watanabe M, Kobayashi D, Miwa H, Eishi Y. Helicobacter pylori DNA in drinking water in Japan. Microbiol Immunol, 2001;45: 515– 9.
  • Al-Sulami AA, Al-Taee AM, Juma’a MG. Isolation and identification of Helicobacter pylori from drinking water in Basra governorate, Iraq. East Mediterr Health J, 2011; 16: 920–5.
  • Klein PD, Graham DY, Gaillour A, Opekun AR, Smith EO. Water source as risk factor for Helicobacter pylori infection in Peruvian children. Gastrointestinal physiology working group. Lancet, 1991;337:1503–6.
  • Baker K, Hegarty J, Redmond B, Reed N, Herson D. Effect of oxidizing disinfectants (chlorine, monochloramine, and ozone) on Helicobacter pylori. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2002;68: 981–4.
  • Lin W, Li S, Zhang S, Yu X. Reduction in horizontal transfer of conjugative plasmid by UV irradiation and low-level chlorination. Water Res, 2016;91: 331–8.
  • Pajavand H, Alvandi A, Mohajeri P, Bakhtyari S, Bashiri H, Kalali B et al.. High frequency of vacA s1m2 genotypes among Helicobacter pylori isolates from patients with gastroduodenal disorders in Kermanshah, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol, 2015; 8: e25425.
  • De Reuse HILDE, Labigne A, Mengin-Lecreulx D. The Helicobacter pylori ureC gene codes for a phosphoglucosamine mutase. J Bacteriol, 1997; 179(11): 3488-93.
  • Abiri R, Bagherabadi S, Kashef M, Hasanvand B, Pajavand H, Gholipour A et al. Detection of Helicobacter pylori in Drinking Water by Loop- Mediated Isothermal Amplification. Jundishapur J Microbiol, 2017; 10(4).
  • Giao MS, Azevedo NF,Wilks SA, Vieira MJ, Keevil CW. Persistence of Helicobacter pylori in heterotrophic drinking-water biofilms. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2008; 74: 5898–904.
  • Azevedo NF, Vieira MJ, Keevil CW. Establishment of a continuous model system to study Helicobacter pylori survival in potable water biofilms. Water Sci Tech, 2003; 47, 155–60.
  • Azevedo NF, Guimaraes N, Figueiredo C, Keevil CW, Vieira MJ. A new model for the transmission of Helicobacter pylori: role of environmental reservoirs as gene pools to increase strain diversity. Crit Rev Microbiol, 2007; 33, 157–69.
  • Percival SL, Thomas JG. Transmission of Helicobacter pylori and the role of water and biofilms. J Water Health, 2009;7: 469–77.
  • Mackay WG, Gribbon LT, Barer MR, Reid DC. Biofilms in drinking water systems: a possible reservoir for Helicobacter pylori. J Appl Microbiol, 1999;85: 52–9.
  • Mackay WG, Bunn JE, Thomas JE, Reid DC & Weaver LT. Molecular evidence of Helicobacter pylori in biofilms of containers used for storing water. Arch Dis Child, 2001; 84: 24–7.
  • Park SR, Mackay WG, Reid DC. Helicobacter sp. recovered from drinking water biofilm sampled from a water distribution system. Water Res, 2001; 35: 1624–6.
  • Winiecka-Krusnell J, Wreiber K, von Euler A, Engstrand L & Linder E. Free-living amoebae promote growth and survival of Helicobacter pylori. Scand J Infect Dis, 2002; 34: 253–6.
  • Greub G, Raoult D. Microorganisms resistant to free-living amoebae. Clin Microbiol Rev, 2004; 17: 413–33.
  • Ebaa ES & Hossam ES. Detection of Helicobacter pylori DNA in some Egyptian water systems and its incidence of transmission to individuals. Iran J Pub health, 2015; 44(2): 203.
  • McDaniels AE, Wymer L, Rankin C, Haugland R. Evaluation of quantitative real time PCR for the measurement of Helicobacter pylori at low concentrations in drinking water. Water Res, 2005;39(19): 4808-16.
  • Yanez MA, Barbera VM, Soria E, Catalán V. Quantitative detection of Helicobacter pylori in water samples by real-time PCR amplification of the cag pathogenicity island gene, cagE. J Appl Microbiol, 2009; 107(2): 416-24.
  • Orta de Velásquez MT, Yáñez Noguez I, Casasola Rodriguez B, Román Román PI. Effects of ozone and chlorine disinfection on VBNC Helicobacter pylori by molecular techniques and FESEM images. Environ Tech, 2017;38(6):744-53.
  • Watson CL, Owen RJ, Said B, Lai S, Lee JV, Surman- Lee S, et al. Detection of Helicobacter pylori by PCR but not culture in water and biofilm samples from drinking water distribution systems in England. J Appl Microbiol, 2004; 97: 690–98.
  • Janzon A, Sjöling Å, Lothigius Å, Ahmed D, Qadri F, Svennerholm AM. Failure to detect Helicobacter pylori DNA in drinking and environmental water in Dhaka, Bangladesh, using highly sensitive real-time PCR assays. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2009; 75(10): 3039- 44.

The Investigation Of Helicobacter pylori DNA in Bottled Drinking Water: A Preliminary Study

Year 2020, Volume: 77 Issue: EK-4, 71 - 76, 01.05.2020

Abstract

Objective: Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium which colonizes the human gastric mucosa and known to affect half of the world’s population. H. pylori is defined as the aetiological agent of peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. However, the natural host and reservoir have not been clearly identified. The ability of adaptation and biofilm formation, which play an important role in the virulence of the bacterium, constituted the basis of studies about water contamination. In relation with this, bacterial DNA was detected in drinking water, surface water, groundwater and wastewater in many studies.It has been suggested that the transmission of bacterium occurs via fecal-oral, oraloral and gastro-oral routes, additionally contaminated foods and water may be source of infection. In the present preliminary study, it was aimed to investigate the presence of H. pylori DNA in drinking water samples.Methods: Thirty five different trademarked drinking water samples each one 500 mL were collected from March- June 2019 in all around Istanbul. It was observed that water samples have a slightly alkaline pH ranging from 6.6 to 8.45. All water samples were filtrated using 0.22 µM filter membranes which were incubated on 30 dakika bekletilmiş ve filtrelerin bulunduğu besiyerleri soğutmalı santrifüjde +4 °C çevrilmiştir. Daha sonra besiyerlerinden DNA izolasyonu yapılmıştır. Bakterinin ureC glmM geni Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu PZR ile çoğaltılmış ve ürünler %1,5’luk agaroz jel elektroforezinde görüntülenmiştir.Bulgular: Bu çalışmada incelenen su örneklerinde H. pylori DNA’sı saptanmamıştır.Sonuç: Bu ön çalışmanın sonuçları, bu coğrafyada içme sularının H. pylori bulaşmasında rolü olmadığını düşündürmüştür. Ancak bu çalışmada incelenen örnek sayısının az olması ve sadece 500 mL’lik ambalajda satılan şişelerin değerlendirilmiş olmasından dolayı daha geniş kapsamlı çalışmaların yapılması önemlidir. Bu nedenle 19L’lik olarak şişelenmiş damacana suları, musluk suları ve çeşitli su tankları gibi su kaynaklarının incelenmesi, bakterinin bulaşmasında suyun rolünün anlaşılması için yararlı olabilir

References

  • Hooi JK, Lai WY, Ng WK, Suen MM, Underwood FE, Tanyingoh D, et al. Global prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection: systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterol, 2017; 153(2): 420-429.
  • Amirhooshang A, Ramin A, Ehsan A, Mansour R & Shahram B. High frequency of Helicobacter pylori DNA in drinking water in Kermanshah, Iran, during June–November 2012. J Water Health, 2014; 12(3): 504-512.
  • Vale FF, Vítor JMB. Transmission pathway of Helicobacter pylori: does food play a role in rural and urban areas? Int J Food Microbiol, 2010;138(1- 2): 1-12.
  • Kusters JG, van Vliet AH, Kuipers EJ. Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Clin Microbiol Rev, 2006; 19: 449–90
  • Backert S, Neddermann M, Maubach G, Naumann M. Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter, 2016; 21 (S1): 19–25.
  • Farinha P, Gascoyne RD. Helicobacter pylori and MALT Lymphoma. Gastroenterol, 2005; 128,1579– 605.
  • International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 1994. Working Group IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans. Schistosomas, Liver Flukes and Helicobacter pylori 61 Lyon, France.
  • She FF, Lin JY, Liu JY, Huang C, Su DH. Virulence of water-induced coccoid Helicobacter pylori and its experimental infection in mice. World J Gastroenterol, 2003; 9: 516–520.
  • Azevedo NF, Almeida C, Cerqueira L, Dias S, Keevil CW, Vieira MJ. Coccoid form of Helicobacter pylori as a morphological manifestation of cell adaptation to the environment. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2007;73: 3423–7.
  • Saito N, Konishi K, Sato F, Kato M, Takeda H, Sugiyama T, et al. Plural transformation-processes from spiral to coccoid Helicobacter pylori and its viability. J Infect, 2003;46: 49–55.
  • Aziz RK, Khalifa MM, Sharaf RR. Contaminated water as a source of Helicobacter pylori infection: A review. J Advan res, 2015; 6(4): 539-547.
  • Hultén K, Han SW, Enroth H, Klein PD, Opekun AR, Gilman RH, et al. Helicobacter pylori in the drinking water in Peru. Gastroenterol, 1996;110:1031–5.
  • Hultén K, Enroth H, Nystrom T, Engstrand L. Presence of Helicobacter species DNA in Swedish water. J Appl Microbiol, 1998;85: 282–6.
  • Khan A, Farooqui A, Kazmi SU. Presence of Helicobacter pylori in drinking water of Karachi, Pakistan. J Infect Dev Ctries, 2012;6: 251–5.
  • Bahrami AR, Rahimi E, Ghasemian Safaei H. Detection of Helicobacter pylori in city water, dental units’ water, and bottled mineral water in Isfahan, Iran. Sci World J, 2013;280510.
  • Moreno Y, Ferrus MA. Specific detection of cultivable Helicobacter pylori cells from wastewater treatment plants. Helicobacter, 2012;17: 327–32.
  • Horiuchi T, Ohkusa T, Watanabe M, Kobayashi D, Miwa H, Eishi Y. Helicobacter pylori DNA in drinking water in Japan. Microbiol Immunol, 2001;45: 515– 9.
  • Al-Sulami AA, Al-Taee AM, Juma’a MG. Isolation and identification of Helicobacter pylori from drinking water in Basra governorate, Iraq. East Mediterr Health J, 2011; 16: 920–5.
  • Klein PD, Graham DY, Gaillour A, Opekun AR, Smith EO. Water source as risk factor for Helicobacter pylori infection in Peruvian children. Gastrointestinal physiology working group. Lancet, 1991;337:1503–6.
  • Baker K, Hegarty J, Redmond B, Reed N, Herson D. Effect of oxidizing disinfectants (chlorine, monochloramine, and ozone) on Helicobacter pylori. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2002;68: 981–4.
  • Lin W, Li S, Zhang S, Yu X. Reduction in horizontal transfer of conjugative plasmid by UV irradiation and low-level chlorination. Water Res, 2016;91: 331–8.
  • Pajavand H, Alvandi A, Mohajeri P, Bakhtyari S, Bashiri H, Kalali B et al.. High frequency of vacA s1m2 genotypes among Helicobacter pylori isolates from patients with gastroduodenal disorders in Kermanshah, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol, 2015; 8: e25425.
  • De Reuse HILDE, Labigne A, Mengin-Lecreulx D. The Helicobacter pylori ureC gene codes for a phosphoglucosamine mutase. J Bacteriol, 1997; 179(11): 3488-93.
  • Abiri R, Bagherabadi S, Kashef M, Hasanvand B, Pajavand H, Gholipour A et al. Detection of Helicobacter pylori in Drinking Water by Loop- Mediated Isothermal Amplification. Jundishapur J Microbiol, 2017; 10(4).
  • Giao MS, Azevedo NF,Wilks SA, Vieira MJ, Keevil CW. Persistence of Helicobacter pylori in heterotrophic drinking-water biofilms. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2008; 74: 5898–904.
  • Azevedo NF, Vieira MJ, Keevil CW. Establishment of a continuous model system to study Helicobacter pylori survival in potable water biofilms. Water Sci Tech, 2003; 47, 155–60.
  • Azevedo NF, Guimaraes N, Figueiredo C, Keevil CW, Vieira MJ. A new model for the transmission of Helicobacter pylori: role of environmental reservoirs as gene pools to increase strain diversity. Crit Rev Microbiol, 2007; 33, 157–69.
  • Percival SL, Thomas JG. Transmission of Helicobacter pylori and the role of water and biofilms. J Water Health, 2009;7: 469–77.
  • Mackay WG, Gribbon LT, Barer MR, Reid DC. Biofilms in drinking water systems: a possible reservoir for Helicobacter pylori. J Appl Microbiol, 1999;85: 52–9.
  • Mackay WG, Bunn JE, Thomas JE, Reid DC & Weaver LT. Molecular evidence of Helicobacter pylori in biofilms of containers used for storing water. Arch Dis Child, 2001; 84: 24–7.
  • Park SR, Mackay WG, Reid DC. Helicobacter sp. recovered from drinking water biofilm sampled from a water distribution system. Water Res, 2001; 35: 1624–6.
  • Winiecka-Krusnell J, Wreiber K, von Euler A, Engstrand L & Linder E. Free-living amoebae promote growth and survival of Helicobacter pylori. Scand J Infect Dis, 2002; 34: 253–6.
  • Greub G, Raoult D. Microorganisms resistant to free-living amoebae. Clin Microbiol Rev, 2004; 17: 413–33.
  • Ebaa ES & Hossam ES. Detection of Helicobacter pylori DNA in some Egyptian water systems and its incidence of transmission to individuals. Iran J Pub health, 2015; 44(2): 203.
  • McDaniels AE, Wymer L, Rankin C, Haugland R. Evaluation of quantitative real time PCR for the measurement of Helicobacter pylori at low concentrations in drinking water. Water Res, 2005;39(19): 4808-16.
  • Yanez MA, Barbera VM, Soria E, Catalán V. Quantitative detection of Helicobacter pylori in water samples by real-time PCR amplification of the cag pathogenicity island gene, cagE. J Appl Microbiol, 2009; 107(2): 416-24.
  • Orta de Velásquez MT, Yáñez Noguez I, Casasola Rodriguez B, Román Román PI. Effects of ozone and chlorine disinfection on VBNC Helicobacter pylori by molecular techniques and FESEM images. Environ Tech, 2017;38(6):744-53.
  • Watson CL, Owen RJ, Said B, Lai S, Lee JV, Surman- Lee S, et al. Detection of Helicobacter pylori by PCR but not culture in water and biofilm samples from drinking water distribution systems in England. J Appl Microbiol, 2004; 97: 690–98.
  • Janzon A, Sjöling Å, Lothigius Å, Ahmed D, Qadri F, Svennerholm AM. Failure to detect Helicobacter pylori DNA in drinking and environmental water in Dhaka, Bangladesh, using highly sensitive real-time PCR assays. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2009; 75(10): 3039- 44.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Fatma Kalaycı Yüksek This is me

Publication Date May 1, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 77 Issue: EK-4

Cite

APA Yüksek, F. K. (2020). Şişelenmiş içme sularında Helicobacter pylori DNA’sının araştırılması: Bir ön çalışma. Türk Hijyen Ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 77(EK-4), 71-76.
AMA Yüksek FK. Şişelenmiş içme sularında Helicobacter pylori DNA’sının araştırılması: Bir ön çalışma. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. May 2020;77(EK-4):71-76.
Chicago Yüksek, Fatma Kalaycı. “Şişelenmiş içme sularında Helicobacter Pylori DNA’sının araştırılması: Bir ön çalışma”. Türk Hijyen Ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 77, no. EK-4 (May 2020): 71-76.
EndNote Yüksek FK (May 1, 2020) Şişelenmiş içme sularında Helicobacter pylori DNA’sının araştırılması: Bir ön çalışma. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 77 EK-4 71–76.
IEEE F. K. Yüksek, “Şişelenmiş içme sularında Helicobacter pylori DNA’sının araştırılması: Bir ön çalışma”, Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg, vol. 77, no. EK-4, pp. 71–76, 2020.
ISNAD Yüksek, Fatma Kalaycı. “Şişelenmiş içme sularında Helicobacter Pylori DNA’sının araştırılması: Bir ön çalışma”. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 77/EK-4 (May 2020), 71-76.
JAMA Yüksek FK. Şişelenmiş içme sularında Helicobacter pylori DNA’sının araştırılması: Bir ön çalışma. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. 2020;77:71–76.
MLA Yüksek, Fatma Kalaycı. “Şişelenmiş içme sularında Helicobacter Pylori DNA’sının araştırılması: Bir ön çalışma”. Türk Hijyen Ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, vol. 77, no. EK-4, 2020, pp. 71-76.
Vancouver Yüksek FK. Şişelenmiş içme sularında Helicobacter pylori DNA’sının araştırılması: Bir ön çalışma. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. 2020;77(EK-4):71-6.