Brownian motion models effect on the nanofluid fluid flow and heat transfer in the natural, mixed, and forced convection

Abstract

In this research, the effect of different models of thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity has been investigated by considering the effect of Brownian motion of nanoparticles on the flow field and heat transfer of nanofluids. This study was performed numerically in a square cavity with water/aluminum-oxide nanofluid in three modes of natural, mixed and forced convection by changing the independent variable such as nanoparticle volume fraction, Rayleigh number, Richardson number, and Reynolds number. The governing equations with certain boundary conditions are solved using the finite volume method. Also, according to the obtained numerical results, Nusselt number has been investigated for different conditions with and without consid-ering Brownian motion. The results showed that for all the studied models, in all three modes of natural, mixed and forced convection, the average Nusselt number when the effect of Brownian motion is considered, is more than the case that the effect of this motion is not considered. In all cases, the Koo & Kleinstreuer and Li & Kleinstreuer models show approximately the same values for the maximum mean Nusselt number. The similar results are obtained employing the Wajjha & Das and Xiao et al. models. For mixed convection, the highest and lowest increases of Nusselt number, considering Brownian motion are 17.68% and 14.84%, respectively. While referred val-ues for forced convection are 30.46% and 17.94 %, respectively.

Keywords

• Nanofluid; Brownian Motion
• Numerical Solution
• Variable Properties
• Natural Convection
• Mixed Convection
• Forced Convection

References

1. References
2. [1] Pourfattah F, Abbasian Arani AA, Babaie MR, Nguyen HM, Asadi A. On the thermal characteristics of a manifold microchannel heat sink subjected to nanofluid using two-phase flow simulation. Int J Heat Mass Transf 2019;143:118518.
3. [2] Abbasian Arani AA, Aberoumand H, Aberoumand S, Moghaddam AJ, Dastanian M. An empirical investigation on thermal characteristics and pressure drop of Ag-oil nanofluid in concentric annular tube. Heat Mass Transf 2016;52:16931706.
4. [3] Hemmat Esfe M, Abbasian Arani AA, Aghaie A, Wongwises S. Mixed convection flow and heat transfer in an up-driven, inclined, square enclosure subjected to DWCNT-water nanofluid containing three circular heat sources. Curr Nanosci 2017;13:311323.
5. [4] Abbasian Arani AA, Kakoli E, Hajialigol N. Double-diffusive natural convection of Al2O3-water nanofluid in an enclosure with partially active side walls using variable properties. J Mech Sci Technol 2014;28:46814691.
6. [5] Rajesh V, Mallesh MP, Sridevi Ch. Transient MHD nanofluid flow and heat transfer due to a moving vertical plate with thermal radiation and temperature oscillation effects. Procedia Eng 2015;127:901908.
7. [6] Shahriari A, Jahantigh N, Rakani F. Providing An Analytical Model In Determining Nanofluids. IJE Trans C Aspects 2017;30:19191924.
8. [7] Sepehrnia M, Khorasanizadeh H, Sadeghi R. Investigation of the nanofluid flow field and simultaneous heat transfer in microchannel thermowells with triangular microchannels and four different arrays. J Mech Eng Univ Amirkabir 2017.

9. [8] Sepehrnia M, Khorasanizadeh H, Sadeghi R. Three-dimensional study of the effects of two input/output current arrays and the use of nanofluids on the performance of a thermowell with triangular microchannels. Mech Eng 2016;16:2738.
10. [9] Rajesh V, Mallesh MP, Bég OA. Transient MHD free convection flow and heat transfer of nanofluid past an impulsively started vertical porous plate in the presence of viscous dissipation. Procedia Mater Sci 2015;10:8089.
11. [10] Seth GS, Mishra MK. Analysis of transient flow of MHD nanofluid past a non-linear stretching sheet considering. Exp Therm Fluid Sci 2016;72:182189, 2016.
12. [11] Fan LW, Li JQ, Li DY, Zhang L, Yu ZT, Cen KF. The effect of concentration on transient pool boiling heat transfer of graphene-based aqueous nanofluids. Int J Therm Sci 2015;91:8395.
13. [12] Suganthi KS, Vinodhan VL, Rajan KS. Heat transfer performance and transport properties of ZnO–ethylene glycol and ZnO–ethylene glycol–water nanofluid coolants. Appl Energy 2014;135:548– 559.
14. [13] Li H, He Y, Hu Y, Jiang B, Huang Y. Thermophysical and natural convection characteristics of ethylene glycol and water mixture based ZnO nanofluids. Int J Heat Mass Transf 2015;91:385–389.
15. [14] Goswami KD, Chattopadhyay A, Pandit SK. Brownian motion of magnetonanofluid flow in an undulated partially heated enclosure. Int J Mech Sci 2021;198:106346.
16. [15] Harish R, Sivakumar R. Effects of nanoparticle dispersion on turbulent mixed convection flows in cubical enclosure considering Brownian motion and thermophoresis. Powder Technol 2021;378(Part A):303316.
17. [16] Mohammad Tehrani B, Rahbar-Kelishami A. Influence of enhanced mass transfer induced by Brownian motion on supported nanoliquids membrane: Experimental correlation and numerical modelling. Int J Heat Mass Transf 2021;148:119034.
18. [17] Goudarzi S, Shekaramiz M, Omidvar A, Golab E, Karimipour A. Nanoparticles migration due to thermophoresis and Brownian motion and its impact on Ag-MgO/Water hybrid nanofluid natural convection. Powder Technol. 2020;375:493503.
19. [18] Mittal AS, Patel HR. Influence of thermophoresis and Brownian motion on mixed convection two dimensional MHD Casson fluid flow with non-linear radiation and heat generation. Physica A 2020;537:122710.
20. [19] Borzuei M, Baniamerian Z. Role of nanoparticles on critical heat flux in convective boiling of nanofluids: Nanoparticle sedimentation and Brownian motion. Int J Heat Mass Transf 2020;150:119299.
21. [20] Dogonchi AS, Seyyedi SM, Hashemi-Tilehnoee M, Chamkha AJ, Ganji DD. Investigation of natural convection of magnetic nanofluid in an enclosure with a porous medium considering Brownian motion. Case Stud Therm Eng 2019;14:100502.