Numerical simulation of aerodynamic performance of the wing with edge of attack and sinusoidal escape

Abstract

Wings are one of the engineering components that play a vital role in the aerospace industry. Therefore, increasing the performance of the wings can improve the overall performance of the airplanes. One way to increase wing performance is to use sinusoidal curvature at the attack edge and wing escape, which delays the phenomenon of fatigue and improves aerody namic performance at high attack angles. This study is to provide a better understanding of the aerodynamic characteristics of a finite NACA0012 wing with the performance of a wing with different types of wings with sinusoidal attack edge, sinusoidal escape edge, and compared them with simple wing. ANSYS FLUENT method has been used to simulate the wings. In addition to, the TRANSITION SST-4EQ method has also been used to solve the governing equations. The aerodynamic performance of a wing with the performance of different types of wings with sinusoidal attack edge, sinusoidal escape edge, and simple wing with NACA0012 cross section are investigated in Reynolds numbers of 5000, 15000 and 60,000 numerically. The kinetic energy distribution of turbulence on the wing body in these Reynolds numbers has been investigated. The amount of coefficients for and after different wings in Reynolds number 15000 with changing angle has been analyzed. In unstable conditions, compressibility and non-viscosity have been compared. According to the present study, it was observed that the maximum pressure around the wing is sinusoidal and the wing with a combined design is higher than the simple wing. The drag is related to the wing with the combined design, although this geometry has the highest value of drag in the article with other types of wings.

Keywords

• Aerodynamic Performance; Drag Coefficient
• Edge of Attack and Sinusoidal Escape
• Lifting Coefficient; Turbulence
• Wings

References

1. [1] Lang X, Song B, Yang W, Song W. Aerodynamic performance of owl-like airfoil undergoing bio-inspired flapping kinematics. Chin J Aeronaut 2021;34:239–252. [CrossRef]
2. [2] Abo-Serie E, Oran E, Utcu O. Aerodynamics assessment using CFD for a low drag Shell Eco-Marathon car. J Therm Engineer 2017;3:1527–1536. [CrossRef]
3. [3] Fish FE, Howle LE, Murray MM. Hydrodynamic flow control in marine mammals. Integr Comp Biol 2008;48:788–800. [CrossRef]
4. [4] Chen H, Pan C, Wang JJ. Effects of sinusoidal leading edge on delta wing performance and mechanism. Sci China Tech Sci 2013;56:772–779. [CrossRef]
5. [5] Post ML, Decker R, Sapell AR, Hart JS. Effect of bio-inspired sinusoidal leading-edges on wings. Aerosp Sci Technol 2018;81:128–140. [CrossRef]
6. [6] Mehraban AA, Djavareshkian MH, Sayegh Y, Forouzi Feshalami B, Azargoon Y, Zaree AH, et al. Effects of smart flap on aerodynamic performance of sinusoidal leading-edge wings at low Reynolds numbers. J Aerosp Engineer 2021;235:439–450. [CrossRef]
7. [7] Wang T, Feng LH, Li ZY. Effect of leading-edge protuberances on unsteady airfoil performance at low Reynolds number. Exp Fluids 2021;62:217. [CrossRef]
8. [8] Guo Q, He X, Wang Z, Wang J. Effects of wing flexibility on aerodynamic performance of an aircraft model. Chin J Aeronaut 2021;34:133–142. [CrossRef]

9. [9] MacPhee DW, Kincaid K, Luhar M. Aerodynamic behavior of curved flexible wings. J Fluids Struct 2022;112:103609. [CrossRef]
10. [10] Butt U, Hussain S, Schacht S, Ritschel U. Experimental investigations of flow over NACA airfoils 0021 and 4412 of wind turbine blades with and without Tubercles. Wind Engineer 2022;46: 89-101. [CrossRef]
11. [11] Ahmed T, Amin MT, Islam SMR, Ahmed S. Computational study of flow around a NACA 0012 wing flapped at different flap angles with varying Mach numbers. Glob J Res Engineer 2014;13:4–16.
12. [12] Zhang Y, Huang Y, Wang F, Tan Z. Numerical simulation of the airfoil flowfields at angles of attack from 0° and 180°. Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference; 2010. [CrossRef]
13. [13] Windi IS, Faris MA, Kareem H. Experimental and theoretical investigation for the improvement of the aerodynamic characteristic of NACA 0012 airfoil. Int J Min Metall Mech Engineer 2014;2:11–15.
14. [14] Laouira H, Mebarek-Oudina F, Hussein AK, Kolsi L, Merah A, Younis O. Heat transfer inside a horizontal channel with an open trapezoidal enclosure subjected to a heat source of different lengths. Heat Transfer-Asian Res 2019;49:406–423. [CrossRef]
15. [15] Hassan M, Mebarek-Oudina F, Faisal A, Ghafar A, Ismail AI. Thermal energy and mass transport of shear thinning fluid under effects of low to high shear rate viscosity. Int J Thermofluids 2022;15:100176. [CrossRef]
16. [16] Miklosovic DS, Murray MM. Experimental evaluation of sinusoidal leading edges. J AIRCRAFT 2007;44:1404. [CrossRef]
17. [17] Pendar MR, Esmaeilifar E, Roohi E. LES study of unsteady cavitation characteristics of a 3-D hydrofoil with wavy leading edge. Int J Multiphase Flow 2020;132:103415. [CrossRef]
18. [18] Chung TJ. Computational Fluid Dynamics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2002.
19. [19] Lei Z. Effect of RANS turbulence models on computation of vortical flow over wing-body configuration. Trans Jpn Soc Aeronaut Space Sci 2005;48:152–160. [CrossRef]
20. [20] Hansen KL, Rostamzadeh N, Kelso RM, Dally BB. Evolution of the streamwise vortices generated between leading edge tubercles. J Fluid Mech 2016;788:730–766. [CrossRef]