BibTex RIS Cite

Biodiesel production and fuel properties from non-edible Champaca (Michelia champaca) seed oil for use in diesel engine

Year 2015, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 330 - 336, 01.01.2015
https://doi.org/10.18186/jte.67160

Abstract

In the present paper investigations were carried out to determine fatty acid composition and fuel properties of non-edible, renewable, champaca seed oil (CSO), champaca seed oil biodiesel (CBD), for its use in diesel engine. Methyl ester of seed oil was analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC) - Mass Spectroscopy (MS) for the determination of fatty acid composition. The major fatty acids found in CSO were, palmatic , 32.52%, linoleic, 30.72%, palmitoleic, 13.39%, stearic, 8.88%, oleic , 6.03%, palmitelaidic, 5.18%, ecosenic, 0.71% and myristic, 0.57% and the total unsaturated fatty acid composition accounts for 56.03%. The biodiesel was produced by two step process i.e. acid pretreatment transesterification process as the free fatty acid (FFA) content found to be 5.30% ( corresponding to acid value of 10.55, mg KOH/g) . The first step of process was carried out with methanol and sulphuric acid as catalyst, followed by second step, basecatalyzed transesterification process with methanol and sodium hydroxide as catalyst the biodiesel yield was found to be 83.50 %. The fuel properties of biodiesel produced were determined as per the ASTM standard test procedures and compared with diesel, ASTM D6751-09a, biodiesel standard specifications and were found to meet the required standards

References

  • BP Statistical Review of World June 2014, (2014). http://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/pdf/Energy
  • economics/statistical-review-2014/BP-statistical-review-of
  • world-energy-2014-full-report.pdf. Accessed 16 June 2014.
  • Subramanian, KA, Singal, SK, Saxena, M, Singhal: Utilization of liquid biofuels in automotive diesel engines: an Indian perspective. Biomass Bioenergy 29 (1) 65-72 (2005)
  • Berchmans, Hanny Johanes, Shizuko Hirata: Biodiesel production from crude Jatropha curcas L. seed oil with a high content of free fatty acids. Bioresour Technol 99 (6) 1716-1721 (2008)
  • Kalbande, Surendra R, Subhash D. Vikhe: Jatropha and Karanj bio-fuel: an alternate fuel for diesel engine. ARPN J Eng Appl Sci 3 (1) 7-13 (2008)
  • de Oliveira, JS, Leite, PM, de Souza, LB, Mello, VM, Silva, EC, Rubim, JC, Suarez, PA: Characteristics and composition of Jatropha gossypiifolia and Jatropha curcas L. oils and application for biodiesel production. Biomass Bioenergy 33(3) 449-453 (2009)
  • Syam, AM, Yunus, R, Ghazi, TIM, Yaw, TCS: Methanolysis of Jatropha oil in the presence of potassium hydroxide catalyst. J. App. Sci. 9 (17) 3161-3165 (2009)
  • Singh, RK, Saroj, K, Padhi: Characterization of Jatropha oil for the preparation of biodiesel. Nat. Product Radiance 8 (2) 127- 132(2009)
  • Patil, Prafulla D, Veera Gnaneswar Gude, Shuguang Deng: Biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas, waste cooking, and Camelina sativa oils. Ind. Eng. Che. Res. 48 (24) 10850-10856 (2009)
  • Mathiyazhagan,M, Ganapathi, A, Jaganath, B, Renganayaki, N, Sasireka, N: Production of biodiesel from non-edible plant oils having high FFA content. Int. J. Che. Env. Eng. 2 (2) (2011) [10] Aransiola, EF, Ojumu, TV, Oyekola, OO, Ikhuomoregbe, DIO: A Study of Biodiesel Production from Non-Edible Oil Seeds: A Comparative Study. The Open Conference Proceedings Journal. 3 (2) (2012)
  • Nakpong, P, S,Wootthikanokkhan: Optimization of biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas L. oil via alkali- catalyzed methanolysis. Journal of Sustainable Energy & Environment 1 (3) 105-109 (2013)
  • Ong, HC, AS, Silitonga, HH, Masjuki, TMI, Mahlia, WT, Chong, and MH, Boosroh: Production and comparative fuel properties of biodiesel from non-edible oils: Jatropha curcas, Sterculia foetida and Ceiba pentandra. Energy Convers. Manage. 73 245-255 (2013)
  • Suarez, PA: Characteristics and composition of Jatropha gossypiifolia and Jatropha curcas L. oils and application for biodiesel production. Biomass Bioenergy, 33 (3), 449-453 (2009)
  • Meher, LC, SN, Naik, LM, Das: Methanolysis of Pongamia pinnata (karanja) oil for production of biodiesel. J. Sci. Ind.Res. 63 (2004) 913-918 (2004)
  • Meher, LC, Vidya, SSDharmagadda, SN, Naik: Optimization of alkali-catalyzed transesterification of Pongamia pinnata oil for production of biodiesel. Bioresour Technol 97 (12) 1392-1397 (2006)
  • Naik, Malaya, LC, Meher, SN, Naik, LM, Das: Production of biodiesel from high free fatty acid Karanja ( Pongamia pinnata) oil. Biomass Bioenergy 32 (4) 354-357(2008)
  • Nabi, Md Nurun, SM, Hoque, Md Shamim Akhter: Karanja, (Pongamia Pinnata) biodiesel production in Bangladesh, characterization of karanja biodiesel and its effect on diesel emissions. Fuel Process.Technol.90 (9) 1080-1086(2009)
  • Baiju, B, MK, Naik, LM, Das: A comparative evaluation of compression ignition engine characteristics using methyl and ethyl esters of Karanja oil. Renewable Energy 34 (6) 1616-1621 (2009)
  • Sharma, Yogesh C, Bhaskar Singh, John Korstad: High yield and conversion of biodiesel from a nonedible feedstock (Pongamia pinnata). J. Agric. Food. Chem. 58 (1) 242-247 (2009)
  • Thiruvengadaravi, KV, Nandagopal, J, Baskaralingam, P, Sathya Selva Bala, V, Sivanesan, S: Acid-catalyzed esterification of karanja ( Pongamia pinnata) oil with high free fatty acids for biodiesel production. Fuel 98 1-4(2012)
  • Sahoo, PK, LM, Das, MKG, Babu, SN, Naik: Biodiesel development from high acid value polanga seed oil and performance evaluation in a CI engine. Fuel 86 (3) 448-454 (2007)
  • Venkanna, BK, C, Venkataramana Reddy: Biodiesel production and optimization from Calophyllum inophyllum linn oil (honne oil)–A three stage method. Bioresour Technol 100 (21) 5122-5125 (2009)
  • Ikwuagwu, OE, IC, Ononogbu, OU, Njoku: Production of biodiesel using rubber [ Hevea brasiliensis(Kunth. Muell.)] seed oil. Ind. Crops Prod. 12 (1) 57-62 (2000)
  • Ramadhas, Arumugam Sakunthalai, Simon Jayaraj, and Chandrashekaran Muraleedharan: Biodiesel production from high FFA rubber seed oil. Fuel 84 (4) 335-340 (2005)
  • Satyanarayana, M, C, Muraleedharan: Methyl ester production from rubber seed oil using two-step pretreatment process. Int. J. Green Energy 7 (1) 84-90 (2010)
  • Thangaraj, Baskar, Samuel Paul Raj: Two-stage processes of homogenous catalysed transesterification of high free fatty acid crude oil of rubber seed. Int. J. Sustainable Energy 33 (3) 525-535 (2014)
  • Ghadge, Shashikant Vilas, Hifjur Raheman: Process optimization for biodiesel production from mahua (Madhuca indica) oil using response surface methodology. Bioresour Technol 97 (3) 379-384 (2006)
  • Saravanan, N, G, Nagarajan, Sukumar Puhan: Experimental investigation on a DI diesel engine fuelled with Madhuca Indica ester and diesel blend. Biomass Bioenergy 34 (6) 838-843 (2010) [29] Jena, PC, Raheman, H, Prasanna Kumar Michelia champaca.
  • http://www.worldagroforestry.org/treedb/AFTPDFS/Michelia_c Agroforestry
  • hampaca.pdf. Accessed 16 July 2014
  • Canakci,, GV, Machavaram, R: Biodiesel production from mixture of mahua and simarouba oils with high free fatty acids. Biomass Bioenergy 34 (8) 1108-1116 (2010)
  • Manjunath H , Omprakash Hebbal Hemachandra Reddy K: Process Optimization for Biodiesel Production from Simarouba, Mahua and Waste Cooking Oils. . Int. J. Green Energy, (2014). DOI: 10.1080/15435075.2013.845100.
  • Veljković, VB, SH, Lakićević, OS, Stamenković, ZB, Todorović, ML, Lazić: Biodiesel production from tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) seed oil with a high content of free fatty acids. Fuel 85 (17) 2671-2675 (2006)
  • Atapour, Mehdi, Hamid-Reza Kariminia: Characterization and transesterification of Iranian bitter almond oil for biodiesel production. Appl. Energy 88 (7) 2377-2381 (2011)
  • Muthu, H, SathyaSelvabala, V, Varathachary, TK, Kirupha Selvaraj, D, Nandagopal, J, Subramanian, S: Synthesis of biodiesel from Neem oil using sulfated zirconia via tranesterification. Braz. J. Che. Eng. 27 (4) 601-608(2010)
  • Dhar, Atul, Roblet Kevin, Avinash Kumar Agarwal: Production of biodiesel from high-FFA neem oil and its performance, emission and combustion characterization in a single cylinder DICI engine. Fuel Process.Technol.97 118-129 (2012)
  • Aransiola, EF, Betiku, E, Ikhuomoregbe, DIO, Ojumu, TV: Production of biodiesel from crude neem oil feedstock and its emissions from internal combustion engines. African Journal of Biotechnology 11 (22) 6178-6186 (2014)
  • Ali, MH, Mashud, M, Rubel, MR, Ahmad, RH: Biodiesel from neem oil as an alternative fuel for diesel engine. Procedia Engineering 56 625-630(2013)
  • Meneghetti, Simoni, M, Plentz, Mario, R, Meneghetti, Carlos, R, Wolf, Eid, C, Silva, Gilvan ES Lima, Masurquede de A, Coimbra, João Inácio Soletti, Sandra HV Carvalho: Ethanolysis of castor and cottonseed oil: a systematic study using classical catalysts. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 83 (9) 819-822 (2006) [38]
  • Transesterification studies on castor oil as a first step towards its use in biodiesel production. Pak. J. Bot 40 (3) 1153-1157(2008) [39] Anwar, Farooq, Umer Rashid, Muhammad Ashraf, Muhammad Nadeem: "Okra ( Hibiscus esculentus) seed oil for biodiesel production. Appl. Energy 87 (3) 779-785(2010)
  • Sharma, YC, Bhaskar Singh: An ideal feedstock, kusum (Schleichera triguga) for preparation of biodiesel: Optimization of parameters. Fuel 89 (7) 1470-1474(2010)
  • Rashid, U, Ahmad, J, Yunus, R, Ibrahim, M, Masood, H, Syam, A: Momordica Charantia Seed Oil Methyl Esters: A Kinetic Study And Fuel Properties. . Int. J. Green Energy 11 (7) 727-740(2014)
  • Gowda, Balakrishna: Evaluation of Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) R. Parker as a potential source of biodiesel. Journal of Biochemical Technology 3 (5) S128-S133 (2014)
  • Hosamani, KM, VB, Hiremath, RS, Keri: Renewable energy sources from Michelia champaca and Garcinia indica seed oils: A rich source of oil. Biomass Bioenergy 33 (2) 267- 270 (2009) [44]
  • M, J, Van Gerpen: Biodiesel production from oils and fats with high free fatty acids. Transactions-American Society of Agricultural Engineers 44 (6) 1429-1436(2001)
  • Van Gerpen, B.Shanks, R. Pruszko, D. Clements, and G. Knothe: Biodiesel Production. Technology. August 2002– January 2004, NREL/SR-510-36244. 2004.
  • Mohibbe Azam, M, Amtul Waris, NM, Nahar: Prospects and potential of fatty acid methyl esters of some non-traditional seed oils for use as biodiesel in India. Biomass Bioenergy 29 (4) 293-302 (2005)
  • Knothe, Gerhard: Dependence of biodiesel fuel properties on
  • Process.Technol.86 (10) 1059-1070(2005)
  • Canakci, Mustafa: The potential of restaurant waste lipids as biodiesel feedstocks. Bioresour Technol 98 (1) 183-190(2007)

Biodiesel production and fuel properties from non-edible Champaca (Michelia champaca) seed oil for use in diesel engine

Year 2015, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 330 - 336, 01.01.2015
https://doi.org/10.18186/jte.67160

Abstract

References

  • BP Statistical Review of World June 2014, (2014). http://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/pdf/Energy
  • economics/statistical-review-2014/BP-statistical-review-of
  • world-energy-2014-full-report.pdf. Accessed 16 June 2014.
  • Subramanian, KA, Singal, SK, Saxena, M, Singhal: Utilization of liquid biofuels in automotive diesel engines: an Indian perspective. Biomass Bioenergy 29 (1) 65-72 (2005)
  • Berchmans, Hanny Johanes, Shizuko Hirata: Biodiesel production from crude Jatropha curcas L. seed oil with a high content of free fatty acids. Bioresour Technol 99 (6) 1716-1721 (2008)
  • Kalbande, Surendra R, Subhash D. Vikhe: Jatropha and Karanj bio-fuel: an alternate fuel for diesel engine. ARPN J Eng Appl Sci 3 (1) 7-13 (2008)
  • de Oliveira, JS, Leite, PM, de Souza, LB, Mello, VM, Silva, EC, Rubim, JC, Suarez, PA: Characteristics and composition of Jatropha gossypiifolia and Jatropha curcas L. oils and application for biodiesel production. Biomass Bioenergy 33(3) 449-453 (2009)
  • Syam, AM, Yunus, R, Ghazi, TIM, Yaw, TCS: Methanolysis of Jatropha oil in the presence of potassium hydroxide catalyst. J. App. Sci. 9 (17) 3161-3165 (2009)
  • Singh, RK, Saroj, K, Padhi: Characterization of Jatropha oil for the preparation of biodiesel. Nat. Product Radiance 8 (2) 127- 132(2009)
  • Patil, Prafulla D, Veera Gnaneswar Gude, Shuguang Deng: Biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas, waste cooking, and Camelina sativa oils. Ind. Eng. Che. Res. 48 (24) 10850-10856 (2009)
  • Mathiyazhagan,M, Ganapathi, A, Jaganath, B, Renganayaki, N, Sasireka, N: Production of biodiesel from non-edible plant oils having high FFA content. Int. J. Che. Env. Eng. 2 (2) (2011) [10] Aransiola, EF, Ojumu, TV, Oyekola, OO, Ikhuomoregbe, DIO: A Study of Biodiesel Production from Non-Edible Oil Seeds: A Comparative Study. The Open Conference Proceedings Journal. 3 (2) (2012)
  • Nakpong, P, S,Wootthikanokkhan: Optimization of biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas L. oil via alkali- catalyzed methanolysis. Journal of Sustainable Energy & Environment 1 (3) 105-109 (2013)
  • Ong, HC, AS, Silitonga, HH, Masjuki, TMI, Mahlia, WT, Chong, and MH, Boosroh: Production and comparative fuel properties of biodiesel from non-edible oils: Jatropha curcas, Sterculia foetida and Ceiba pentandra. Energy Convers. Manage. 73 245-255 (2013)
  • Suarez, PA: Characteristics and composition of Jatropha gossypiifolia and Jatropha curcas L. oils and application for biodiesel production. Biomass Bioenergy, 33 (3), 449-453 (2009)
  • Meher, LC, SN, Naik, LM, Das: Methanolysis of Pongamia pinnata (karanja) oil for production of biodiesel. J. Sci. Ind.Res. 63 (2004) 913-918 (2004)
  • Meher, LC, Vidya, SSDharmagadda, SN, Naik: Optimization of alkali-catalyzed transesterification of Pongamia pinnata oil for production of biodiesel. Bioresour Technol 97 (12) 1392-1397 (2006)
  • Naik, Malaya, LC, Meher, SN, Naik, LM, Das: Production of biodiesel from high free fatty acid Karanja ( Pongamia pinnata) oil. Biomass Bioenergy 32 (4) 354-357(2008)
  • Nabi, Md Nurun, SM, Hoque, Md Shamim Akhter: Karanja, (Pongamia Pinnata) biodiesel production in Bangladesh, characterization of karanja biodiesel and its effect on diesel emissions. Fuel Process.Technol.90 (9) 1080-1086(2009)
  • Baiju, B, MK, Naik, LM, Das: A comparative evaluation of compression ignition engine characteristics using methyl and ethyl esters of Karanja oil. Renewable Energy 34 (6) 1616-1621 (2009)
  • Sharma, Yogesh C, Bhaskar Singh, John Korstad: High yield and conversion of biodiesel from a nonedible feedstock (Pongamia pinnata). J. Agric. Food. Chem. 58 (1) 242-247 (2009)
  • Thiruvengadaravi, KV, Nandagopal, J, Baskaralingam, P, Sathya Selva Bala, V, Sivanesan, S: Acid-catalyzed esterification of karanja ( Pongamia pinnata) oil with high free fatty acids for biodiesel production. Fuel 98 1-4(2012)
  • Sahoo, PK, LM, Das, MKG, Babu, SN, Naik: Biodiesel development from high acid value polanga seed oil and performance evaluation in a CI engine. Fuel 86 (3) 448-454 (2007)
  • Venkanna, BK, C, Venkataramana Reddy: Biodiesel production and optimization from Calophyllum inophyllum linn oil (honne oil)–A three stage method. Bioresour Technol 100 (21) 5122-5125 (2009)
  • Ikwuagwu, OE, IC, Ononogbu, OU, Njoku: Production of biodiesel using rubber [ Hevea brasiliensis(Kunth. Muell.)] seed oil. Ind. Crops Prod. 12 (1) 57-62 (2000)
  • Ramadhas, Arumugam Sakunthalai, Simon Jayaraj, and Chandrashekaran Muraleedharan: Biodiesel production from high FFA rubber seed oil. Fuel 84 (4) 335-340 (2005)
  • Satyanarayana, M, C, Muraleedharan: Methyl ester production from rubber seed oil using two-step pretreatment process. Int. J. Green Energy 7 (1) 84-90 (2010)
  • Thangaraj, Baskar, Samuel Paul Raj: Two-stage processes of homogenous catalysed transesterification of high free fatty acid crude oil of rubber seed. Int. J. Sustainable Energy 33 (3) 525-535 (2014)
  • Ghadge, Shashikant Vilas, Hifjur Raheman: Process optimization for biodiesel production from mahua (Madhuca indica) oil using response surface methodology. Bioresour Technol 97 (3) 379-384 (2006)
  • Saravanan, N, G, Nagarajan, Sukumar Puhan: Experimental investigation on a DI diesel engine fuelled with Madhuca Indica ester and diesel blend. Biomass Bioenergy 34 (6) 838-843 (2010) [29] Jena, PC, Raheman, H, Prasanna Kumar Michelia champaca.
  • http://www.worldagroforestry.org/treedb/AFTPDFS/Michelia_c Agroforestry
  • hampaca.pdf. Accessed 16 July 2014
  • Canakci,, GV, Machavaram, R: Biodiesel production from mixture of mahua and simarouba oils with high free fatty acids. Biomass Bioenergy 34 (8) 1108-1116 (2010)
  • Manjunath H , Omprakash Hebbal Hemachandra Reddy K: Process Optimization for Biodiesel Production from Simarouba, Mahua and Waste Cooking Oils. . Int. J. Green Energy, (2014). DOI: 10.1080/15435075.2013.845100.
  • Veljković, VB, SH, Lakićević, OS, Stamenković, ZB, Todorović, ML, Lazić: Biodiesel production from tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) seed oil with a high content of free fatty acids. Fuel 85 (17) 2671-2675 (2006)
  • Atapour, Mehdi, Hamid-Reza Kariminia: Characterization and transesterification of Iranian bitter almond oil for biodiesel production. Appl. Energy 88 (7) 2377-2381 (2011)
  • Muthu, H, SathyaSelvabala, V, Varathachary, TK, Kirupha Selvaraj, D, Nandagopal, J, Subramanian, S: Synthesis of biodiesel from Neem oil using sulfated zirconia via tranesterification. Braz. J. Che. Eng. 27 (4) 601-608(2010)
  • Dhar, Atul, Roblet Kevin, Avinash Kumar Agarwal: Production of biodiesel from high-FFA neem oil and its performance, emission and combustion characterization in a single cylinder DICI engine. Fuel Process.Technol.97 118-129 (2012)
  • Aransiola, EF, Betiku, E, Ikhuomoregbe, DIO, Ojumu, TV: Production of biodiesel from crude neem oil feedstock and its emissions from internal combustion engines. African Journal of Biotechnology 11 (22) 6178-6186 (2014)
  • Ali, MH, Mashud, M, Rubel, MR, Ahmad, RH: Biodiesel from neem oil as an alternative fuel for diesel engine. Procedia Engineering 56 625-630(2013)
  • Meneghetti, Simoni, M, Plentz, Mario, R, Meneghetti, Carlos, R, Wolf, Eid, C, Silva, Gilvan ES Lima, Masurquede de A, Coimbra, João Inácio Soletti, Sandra HV Carvalho: Ethanolysis of castor and cottonseed oil: a systematic study using classical catalysts. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 83 (9) 819-822 (2006) [38]
  • Transesterification studies on castor oil as a first step towards its use in biodiesel production. Pak. J. Bot 40 (3) 1153-1157(2008) [39] Anwar, Farooq, Umer Rashid, Muhammad Ashraf, Muhammad Nadeem: "Okra ( Hibiscus esculentus) seed oil for biodiesel production. Appl. Energy 87 (3) 779-785(2010)
  • Sharma, YC, Bhaskar Singh: An ideal feedstock, kusum (Schleichera triguga) for preparation of biodiesel: Optimization of parameters. Fuel 89 (7) 1470-1474(2010)
  • Rashid, U, Ahmad, J, Yunus, R, Ibrahim, M, Masood, H, Syam, A: Momordica Charantia Seed Oil Methyl Esters: A Kinetic Study And Fuel Properties. . Int. J. Green Energy 11 (7) 727-740(2014)
  • Gowda, Balakrishna: Evaluation of Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) R. Parker as a potential source of biodiesel. Journal of Biochemical Technology 3 (5) S128-S133 (2014)
  • Hosamani, KM, VB, Hiremath, RS, Keri: Renewable energy sources from Michelia champaca and Garcinia indica seed oils: A rich source of oil. Biomass Bioenergy 33 (2) 267- 270 (2009) [44]
  • M, J, Van Gerpen: Biodiesel production from oils and fats with high free fatty acids. Transactions-American Society of Agricultural Engineers 44 (6) 1429-1436(2001)
  • Van Gerpen, B.Shanks, R. Pruszko, D. Clements, and G. Knothe: Biodiesel Production. Technology. August 2002– January 2004, NREL/SR-510-36244. 2004.
  • Mohibbe Azam, M, Amtul Waris, NM, Nahar: Prospects and potential of fatty acid methyl esters of some non-traditional seed oils for use as biodiesel in India. Biomass Bioenergy 29 (4) 293-302 (2005)
  • Knothe, Gerhard: Dependence of biodiesel fuel properties on
  • Process.Technol.86 (10) 1059-1070(2005)
  • Canakci, Mustafa: The potential of restaurant waste lipids as biodiesel feedstocks. Bioresour Technol 98 (1) 183-190(2007)
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Siddalingappa Hotti This is me

Omprakah Hebbal This is me

Publication Date January 1, 2015
Submission Date May 14, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Hotti, S., & Hebbal, O. (2015). Biodiesel production and fuel properties from non-edible Champaca (Michelia champaca) seed oil for use in diesel engine. Journal of Thermal Engineering, 1(1), 330-336. https://doi.org/10.18186/jte.67160
AMA Hotti S, Hebbal O. Biodiesel production and fuel properties from non-edible Champaca (Michelia champaca) seed oil for use in diesel engine. Journal of Thermal Engineering. January 2015;1(1):330-336. doi:10.18186/jte.67160
Chicago Hotti, Siddalingappa, and Omprakah Hebbal. “Biodiesel Production and Fuel Properties from Non-Edible Champaca (Michelia Champaca) Seed Oil for Use in Diesel Engine”. Journal of Thermal Engineering 1, no. 1 (January 2015): 330-36. https://doi.org/10.18186/jte.67160.
EndNote Hotti S, Hebbal O (January 1, 2015) Biodiesel production and fuel properties from non-edible Champaca (Michelia champaca) seed oil for use in diesel engine. Journal of Thermal Engineering 1 1 330–336.
IEEE S. Hotti and O. Hebbal, “Biodiesel production and fuel properties from non-edible Champaca (Michelia champaca) seed oil for use in diesel engine”, Journal of Thermal Engineering, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 330–336, 2015, doi: 10.18186/jte.67160.
ISNAD Hotti, Siddalingappa - Hebbal, Omprakah. “Biodiesel Production and Fuel Properties from Non-Edible Champaca (Michelia Champaca) Seed Oil for Use in Diesel Engine”. Journal of Thermal Engineering 1/1 (January 2015), 330-336. https://doi.org/10.18186/jte.67160.
JAMA Hotti S, Hebbal O. Biodiesel production and fuel properties from non-edible Champaca (Michelia champaca) seed oil for use in diesel engine. Journal of Thermal Engineering. 2015;1:330–336.
MLA Hotti, Siddalingappa and Omprakah Hebbal. “Biodiesel Production and Fuel Properties from Non-Edible Champaca (Michelia Champaca) Seed Oil for Use in Diesel Engine”. Journal of Thermal Engineering, vol. 1, no. 1, 2015, pp. 330-6, doi:10.18186/jte.67160.
Vancouver Hotti S, Hebbal O. Biodiesel production and fuel properties from non-edible Champaca (Michelia champaca) seed oil for use in diesel engine. Journal of Thermal Engineering. 2015;1(1):330-6.

Cited By














IMPORTANT NOTE: JOURNAL SUBMISSION LINK http://eds.yildiz.edu.tr/journal-of-thermal-engineering