ADVANCES IN ZERO ENERGY TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

Abstract

Hyperloop mass transportation systems are actively developed at the moment. They represent the forefront development of the Zero Energy Transportation systems where air drag is minimized by travelling in a vacuum and friction is reduced by non-contact bearings. Hyperloop supporters are confident that the cost of their transportation systems would be low compared to existing transportation systems because of the low loss and therefore low energy consumption as well as other cost-saving techniques documented in the Hyperloop Alpha specifications. However, there are other published designs in the form of patents that may improve on the designs of the Hyperloop systems so that sustainable mass transportation systems can be realized.

Keywords

• Evacuated Tube Transport,Hyperloop,Vacuum,Vacuum Tube

References

1. [1] F. Harvey, “Paris climate change agreement: the world's greatest diplomatic success,” Guardian News and Media Limited, 14 December 2015. [Online]. Available: http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/13/paris-climate-deal-cop-diplomacy-developing-united-nations. [Accessed 20 February 2016].
2. [2] United Nations, “Framework Convention on Climate Change,” 12 December 2015. [Online]. Available: https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf. [Accessed 20 February 2016].
3. [3] J. Powell and G. Danby, “Energy Efficiency and Economics of Maglev Transport,” 20 November 2008. [Online]. Available: http://www.aertc.org/conference/AEC_Sessions%5CCopy%20of%20Session%201%5CTrack%20E-%20Innovation%5CIntelligent%20Advanced%20Transport%5C3.%20Dr.%20James%20Powell%5CJames%20Powell%20presentation.pdf. [Accessed 20 February 2016].
4. [4] B. Mao, R. Huang and S. Jia, “Potential Applications of Maglev Railway Technology,” Journal Of Transportation Systems Engineering And Information Technology, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 29−39, 1 February 2008.
5. [5] Shanghai Maglev Transportation Development Co., Ltd , “Chronicle of Events,” Shanghai Maglev Transportation Development Co., Ltd, 2005. [Online]. Available: http://www.smtdc.com/en/gycf2.html. [Accessed 29 January 2016].
6. [6] M. Safoutin, “Vehicle Road Load and Fuel Economy online calculator,” 3 August 2009. [Online]. Available: http://www.virtual-car.org/wheels/wheels-road-load-calculation.html. [Accessed 26 April 2011].
7. [7] J. Giotta, Director, Extreme Engineering: The Transatlantic tunnel. USA: Powderhouse Productions, 2003.
8. [8] “Vactrain,” 24 November 2015‎. [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vactrain#cite_note-3. [Accessed 20 February 2016].

9. [9] P. J. Flynn, “Pneutrain Pneumatic Mass Transportation System”. U.S. Patent 2010/0083864 A1, 8 April 2010.
10. [10] M. A. Minovitch, “Rapid Transit System”. U.S. Patent 3,954,064, 4 May 1976.
11. [11] M. A. Minovitch, “Rapid Transit System”. U.S. Patent 4,075,948, 28 February 1978.
12. [12] M. A. Minovitch, “High Speed Rapid Transit”. U.S. Patent 4,148,260, 10 April 1979.
13. [13] G. E. Sutton, “Method and Apparatus for Global Rapid Transit”. U.S. Patent 5,513,573, 7 May 1996.
14. [14] SpaceX, “Hyperloop Alpha,” 12 August 2013. [Online]. Available: http://www.spacex.com/sites/spacex/files/hyperloop_alpha-20130812.pdf. [Accessed 26 January 2016].
15. [15] D. Oster, “Evacuated Tube Transport”. U.S. Patent 5,950,543, 14 September 1999.
16. [16] O. Ahmad, “Zero Energy Transportation System”. WIPO Patent PCT/IB2013/053428, 1 May 2013.
17. [17] O. Ahmad, A. Kiring and A. Chekima, “Optimum Low Friction Energy Saving Car,” Engineering e-Transaction, vol. 6, no. 2, 2011.
18. [18] O. Ahmad, A. Kiring and A. Chekima, “Zero Energy Travel,” 11 September 2011. [Online]. Available: http://arxiv.org/abs/1109.3764. [Accessed 20 February 2016].
19. [19] O. Ahmad, A. Kiring and A. Chekima, “Zero Energy Transportaion Systems,” in International Congress on Natural Sciences and Engineering (ICNSE), Kyoto, 2014.
20. [20] J. Nicas, “Hyperloop Race Picks Up Speed,” WSJ, 21 January 2016. [Online]. Available: http://www.wsj.com/articles/hyperloop-race-picks-up-speed-1453426042. [Accessed 29 January 2016].
21. [21] M. Grothaus, “Two Companies Are Racing To Build The First Hyperloop,” Fast Company, 22 January 2016. [Online]. Available: http://www.fastcompany.com/3055801/fast-feed/two-companies-are-racing-to-build-the-first-hyperloop. [Accessed 23 February 2016].