PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF R22 AND ITS SUBSTITUTES IN AIR CONDITIONERS

Year 2018, , 1724 - 1736, 17.12.2017

Seneel Kalla

https://doi.org/10.18186/journal-of-thermal-engineering.367419

Cited By: 3

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the performance of refrigerants
R22, R407C, R432A, R438A and NM1 (R32/R125/R600a) in order to find a suitable
alternative refrigerant for HCFC 22.

For this purpose energy as well as exergy analysis has been
performed using NIST Cycle-D program for vapour compression refrigeration cycle
design and TEWI (total equivalent warming impact) has also been computed for
these refrigerants.

From the analysis it is found that the values of COP were nearer to
those of R-22, e.g. at  25, 45 and 55 °C
condensing temperature, COP of R432a is lower than that of R22 by about 5.5%,
4% and 4.38% respectively. The results show that by considering the energetic
efficiency, exergetic efficiency, TEWI and flammability simultaneously, R438A
proves to be a better option to replace R22.

Keywords

Energy, Refrigerant, Cycle-D, Vapour Compression

References

• [1]Protocol, M. (1987). Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 26. 128–136.
• [2]Richards, R.-G.; Shankland, I.-R. (1992) Flammability of alternative refrigerants. ASHRE J., 34, 4.
• [3]Ritter, T.-J. (1996) In: Flammability-hydrocarbon refrigerants, Proceedings of the Institute of Refrigeration Conference, Safe and Reliable Refrigeration, London,.
• [4]Richardson, R. N., & Butterworth, J. S. (1995). The performance of propane/isobutane mixtures in a vapour-compression refrigeration system. International Journal of Refrigeration, 18(1), 58-62.
• [5]ANSI/ASHRAE Addenda a, b, c, d, e, f, g, and h to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34 (2007), Designation and safety classification of refrigerants.
• [6] Powell, R. L. (2002). CFC phase-out: Have we met the challenge? Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 114(2), 237–250.
• [7]Lampugnani, G., & Zgliczynski, M. (1996). R290 as a Substitute of R502 and R22 in Commercial Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. International Compressor Engineering Conference.
• [8]Vjacheslav, N., Rozhentsev, A., & Wang, C. C. (2001). Rationally based model for evaluating the optimal refrigerant mass charge in refrigerating machines. Energy Conversion and Management, 42(18), 2083–2095.
• [9]Devotta, S., Padalkar, A. S., & Sane, N. K. (2005). Performance assessment of HC-290 as a drop-in substitute to HCFC-22 in a window air conditioner. International Journal of Refrigeration, 28(4), 594–604.
• [10]Devotta, S., Padalkar, A. S., & Sane, N. K. (2005). Performance assessment of HCFC-22 window air conditioner retrofitted with R-407C. Applied Thermal Engineering, 25(17–18), 2937–2949.
• [11]Park, K. J., Seo, T., & Jung, D. (2007). Performance of alternative refrigerants for residential air-conditioning applications. Applied Energy, 84(10), 985–991.
• [12]Mohanraj, M., Jayaraj, S., & Muraleedharan, C. (2009). Environment friendly alternatives to halogenated refrigerants-A review. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control.
• [13]Wu, Y., Liang, X., Tu, X., & Zhuang, R. (2012). Study of R161 refrigerant for residential air-conditioning applications. [14]Ramu, N. S., & Kumar, P. S. (2014). Energy performance assessment of R32/R125/R600a mixtures as possible alternatives to R22 in compression refrigeration systems.
• [15]Kalla, S. K., Arora, B. B., & Usmani, J. A. Comparative Performance of R438A and R32/R125/R600A Mixture for Replacing HCFC22 used in Air-Conditioners.
• [16]Kalla, S.K.; Arora, B.B.; Usmani, J.A. (2015) In: Comparative Energetic and Exergetic Analysis of R22, R438A and M1, The 2nd International Conference on The Recent developments in Science, Engineering and Technology (REDSET 2015), 30-31 October 2015, GD Goenka University Gurgaon, India.
• [17]Taner, T. (2015). Optimisation processes of energy efficiency for a drying plant: A case of study for Turkey. Applied Thermal Engineering, 80, 247–260.
• [18]Taner, T., & Sivrioglu, M. (2015). Energy-exergy analysis and optimisation of a model sugar factory in Turkey. Energy, 93, 641–654.
• [19]Esen, H., Inalli, M., Esen, M., & Pihtili, K. (2007). Energy and exergy analysis of a ground-coupled heat pump system with two horizontal ground heat exchangers. Building and Environment, 42(10), 3606–3615.
• [20]Esen, H., Inalli, M., & Esen, M. (2006). Technoeconomic appraisal of a ground source heat pump system for a heating season in eastern Turkey. Energy Conversion and Management, 47(9–10), 1281–1297.
• [21]Dixit, M., Arora, A., & Kaushik, S. C. (2016). Energy and exergy analysis of a waste heat driven cycle for triple effect refrigeration. Journal of Thermal Engineering, 2(5), 954-961.
• [22]CYCLE _D vapour compression cycle design (2004), NIST Standard reference database 49-version 4.0.Gaithersberg, MD:National institute of standards and technology.
• [23]Wark, K. Jr., (1995) Advanced Thermodynamics for Engineers; McGraw-Hill: Singapore.
• [24]AIRAH. Methods of calculating Total Equivalent Warming Impact (TEWI) (2012) Best practice guidelines available from http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/name,32870,en.html.
• [25]Arora, A., Arora, B. B., Pathak, B. D., & Sachdev, H. L. (2007). Exergy analysis of a vapour compression refrigeration system with R-22, R-407C and R-410A. International journal of Exergy, 4(4), 441-454.
• [26]NIST Standard Reference Database 23 (2007). NIST Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Refrigerants and Refrigerant Mixtures. National Institute of Standards and Technology, REFPROP Version 8.0.