A REVIEW OF FLOW BOILING IN MINI AND MICROCHANNEL FOR ENHANCED GEOMETRIES

Abstract

Flow boiling researches in enhanced geometries practiced recently have been summarized in this review. Classical approximations in macroscale flows have not applied to the flows with small hydraulic diameters, so, this subject has been paid attention by the researchers. Application areas of these structures are increasing continuously due to cooling need in small confined spaces. The related studies have been reviewed in a chronological manner and their parameters have been given in a table in order for the researchers to observe the scientific duration regarding the progresses on this subject. Almost all papers on this subject have been produced after 2000, therefore, this subject is considered as an actual one to improve and worth to study in the literature. This study can not only be evaluated as the beginning argument for the researchers involved in flow boiling process in mini and microchannel, but it also consists of new works on the investigated subject.

Keywords

• Refrigeration,Alternative Refrigerants,Boiling,Evaporator,Mini Channel,Microchannel

References

1. [1] Thome, J. R., Boiling In Microchannels: A Review of Experiment And Theory, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, vol. 25, no. 2, 128–139, 2004.
2. [2] Cheng, L., and Mewes, D., Review of Two-Phase Flow And Flow Boiling of Mixtures In Small And Minichannels, International Journal of Multiphase Flow, vol. 32, no. 2, 183–207, 2006.
3. [3] Baldassari, C., and Marengo, M., Flow Boiling In Microchannels And Microgravity, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 1–36, 2013.
4. [4] Tibiriçá, C. B., and Ribatski, G., Flow Boiling In Micro-Scale Channels-Synthesized Literature Review, International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 301–324, 2013.
5. [5] Kandlikar, S. G., Fundamental Issues Related To Flow Boiling In Minichannels And Microchannels, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 389–407, 2002.
6. [6] Lin, S., Sefiane, K., and Christy, J. R. E., Prospects of Confined Flow Boiling In Thermal Management of Microsystems, Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 22, no. 7, pp. 825–837, 2002.
7. [7] Wu, Z., and Sundén, B., On Further Enhancement of Single-Phase And Flow Boiling Heat Transfer In Micro/Minichannels, Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviewers, vol. 40, pp. 11–27. 2014.
8. [8] Kim, S, M., and Mudawar, I., Review of Databases And Predictive Methods For Heat Transfer In Condensing And Boiling Mini/Micro-Channel Flows, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 77, pp. 627–652, 2014.

9. [9] Salman, B. H., Mohammed, H. A., Munisamy, K. M., and Kherbeet, A. S., Characteristics of Heat Transfer And Fluid Flow In Microtube And Microchannel Using Conventional Fluids And Nanofluids: A review, Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviewers, vol. 28, pp. 848–880, 2013.
10. [10] Kew, P. A., and Cornwell K., Correlations For The Prediction of Boiling Heat Transfer In Small-Diameter Channels, Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 17, no. 8-10, pp. 705–715, 1997.
11. [11] Lee, H. J., and Lee, S. Y., Heat Transfer Correlation For Boiling Flows In Small Rectangular Horizontal Channels With Low Aspect Ratios, International Journal of Multiphase Flow, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 2043–2062, 2001.
12. [12] Kandlikar, S. G., and Steinke, M. E., Predicting Heat Transfer During Flow Boiling In Minichannels And Microchannels, ASHRAE Transactions. vol. 109, pp. 667–676, 2003.
13. [13] Kandlikar, S. G., and Balasubramanian, P., An Extension of The Flow Boiling Correlation To Transition, Laminar, And Deep Laminar Flows In Minichannels And Microchannels, Heat Transfer Engineering, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 86–93. 2004.
14. [14] Agostini, B., and Bontemps, A., Vertical Flow Boiling of Refrigerant R134a In Small Channels, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, vol. 26, , no. 2, pp. 296–306, 2005.
15. [15] Yun, R., Kim, Y., and Kim, M. S., Flow Boiling Heat Transfer of Carbon Dioxide In Horizontal Mini Tubes, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, vol. 26, , no. 5, pp. 801–809, 2005.
16. [16] Jokar, A., Hosni, M. H., and Eckels, S. J., Dimensional Analysis On The Evaporation And Condensation of Refrigerant R-134a In Minichannel Plate Heat Exchangers, Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 26, no. 17-18, pp. 2287–2300, 2006.
17. [17] Choi, K. Il., Pamitran, A. S., Oh, C. Y., and Oh, J. T., Boiling Heat Transfer of R-22, R-134a, And CO2 In Horizontal Smooth Minichannels, International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 30, no. 8, pp. 1336–1346, 2007.
18. [18] Choi, K. Il., Pamitran, A. S., Oh, J. T., and Oh, H. K., Two-Phase Pressure Drop of R-410A In Horizontal Smooth Minichannels, International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 31, , no. 1, pp. 119–129, 2008.
19. [19] Pamitran, A. S., Choi, K. Il., Oh, J. T., and Oh, H. K., Two-Phase Pressure Drop During CO2 Vaporization In Horizontal Smooth Minichannels, International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 31, no.8, pp. 1375–1383, 2008.
20. [20] Bertsch, S. S., Groll, E. A., and Garimella, S. V., A Composite Heat Transfer Correlation For Saturated Flow Boiling In Small Channels, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 52, no. 7-8, pp. 2110–2118, 2009.
21. [21] Choi, K. Il., Pamitran, A. S., Oh, J. T., and Saito, K., Pressure Drop And Heat Transfer During Two-Phase Flow Vaporization of Propane In Horizontal Smooth Minichannels, International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 837–845, 2009.
22. [22] Koşar, A., A Model To Predict Saturated Critical Heat Flux In Minichannels And Microchannels, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 261–270, 2009.
23. [23] Sun, L., and Mishima, K., Evaluation Analysis of Prediction Methods For Two-Phase Flow Pressure Drop In Mini-Channels, International Journal of Multiphase Flow, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 47–54. 2009.
24. [24] Sun, L., and Mishima, K., An Evaluation of Prediction Methods For Saturated Flow Boiling Heat Transfer In Mini-Channels, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 52, no. 23-24, pp. 5323–5329, 2009.
25. [25] Boudouh, M., Gualous, H. L., and De Labachelerie, M., Local Convective Boiling Heat Transfer And Pressure Drop of Nanofluid In Narrow Rectangular Channels, Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 30, , no. 17-18, pp. 2619–2631, 2010.
26. [26] Brix, W., Kærn, M. R., and Elmegaard, B., Modelling Distribution of Evaporating CO2 In Parallel Minichannels, International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 33, , no. 6, pp. 1086–1094, 2010.
27. [27] Dutkowski, K., Influence of The Flashing Phenomenon On The Boiling Curve of Refrigerant R134a In Minichannels, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 53, , no. 5, pp. 1036–1043, 2010.
28. [28] Dutkowski, K., Air–Water Two-Phase Frictional Pressure Drop In Minichannels, Heat Transfer Engineering, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 321–330, 2010.
29. [29] Pamitran, A. S., Choi, K. I., Oh, J. T., and Hrnjak, P., Characteristics of Two-Phase Flow Pattern Transitions And Pressure Drop of Five Refrigerants In Horizontal Circular Small Tubes, International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 578–588, 2010.
30. [30] Ribeiro, G. B., Barbosa, J. R. and Prata, A. T., Mini-Channel Evaporator/Heat Pipe Assembly For A Chip Cooling Vapor Compression Refrigeration System, International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 1402–1412, 2010.
31. [31] Bang, K. H., Kim, K. K., Lee, S. K., and Lee, B.W., Pressure Effect On Flow Boiling Heat Transfer of Water In Minichannels, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 280–286, 2011.
32. [32] Chen, C.A., Li, K. W., Lie, Y. M., and Lin, T. F., Saturated Flow Boiling Heat Transfer of R-410a And Associated Bubble Characteristics In A Narrow Annular Duct, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 54, no. 23-24, pp. 4988–5000, 2011.
33. [33] Copetti, J. B., Macagnan, M. H., Zinani, F., and Kunsler, N. L. F., Flow Boiling Heat Transfer And Pressure Drop of R-134a In A Mini Tube: An Experimental Investigation, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 636–644, 2011.
34. [34] Kaew-On, J., Sakamatapan, K., Wongwises, S., Flow Boiling Heat Transfer of R134a In The Multiport Minichannel Heat Exchangers, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 364–374, 2011.
35. [35] Wu, J., Koettig, T., Franke, C., Helmer, D., Eisel, T., and Haug, F., et al., Investigation of Heat Transfer And Pressure Drop of CO2 Two-Phase Flow In A Horizontal Minichannel, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 54, no. 9, pp. 2154–2162, 2011.
36. [36] Li, W., and Wu, Z., Generalized Adiabatic Pressure Drop Correlations In Evaporative Micro/Mini-Channels, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 866–872, 2011.
37. [37] Oh, J. T., Pamitran, A. S., Choi, K.I., and Hrnjak, P., Experimental Investigation On Two-Phase Flow Boiling Heat Transfer of Five Refrigerants In Horizontal Small Tubes of 0.5, 1.5 And 3.0 Mm Inner Diameters, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 54, no. 9-10, pp. 2080–2088, 2011.
38. [38] Ong, C.L., and Thome, J.R., Macro-To-Microchannel Transition In Two-Phase Flow: Part 2 - Flow Boiling Heat Transfer And Critical Heat Flux, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 873–886, 2011.
39. [39] Saisorn, S., Kaew-On, J., and Wongwises, S., Two-Phase Flow of R-134a Refrigerant During Flow Boiling Through A Horizontal Circular Mini-Channel, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 887–895, 2011.
40. [40] Piasecka, M., Maciejewska, B., The Study of Boiling Heat Transfer In Vertically And Horizontally Oriented Rectangular Minichannels And The Solution To The Inverse Heat Transfer Problem With The Use of The Beck Method And Trefftz Functions, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 38, pp. 19–32, 2012.
41. [41] Wu, Z., and Li, W., A New Predictive Tool For Saturated Critical Heat Flux In Micro/Mini-Channels: Effect of The Heated Length-To-Diameter Ratio, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 54, no. 13-14, pp. 2880–2889, 2011.
42. [42] Farahani, S. D., and Kowsary, F., Estimation Local Convective Boiling Heat Transfer Coefficient In Mini Channel, Internatational Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 304–310, 2012.
43. [43] Kaew-On, J., Sakamatapan, K., and Wongwises, S., Flow Boiling Pressure Drop of R134a In The Counter Flow Multiport Minichannel Heat Exchangers, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 36 ,pp. 107–117, 2012.
44. [44] Kaew-On, J., and Wongwises, S., New Proposed Two-Phase Multiplier And Evaporation Heat Transfer Coefficient Correlations For R134a Flowing At Low Mass Flux In A Multiport Minichannel, Internatational Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 853–860, 2012.
45. [45] Liu, Z., Bi, Q., Guo, Y., and Su, Q., Heat Transfer Characteristics During Subcooled Flow Boiling of A Kerosene Kind Hydrocarbon Fuel In A 1mm Diameter Channel, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 55, no. 19-20, pp. 87–4995, 2012.
46. [46] Maqbool, M. H., Palm, B., and Khodabandeh, R., Experimental Investigation of Dryout of Propane In Uniformly Heated Single Vertical Mini-Channels, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 37 , pp. 121–129, 2012.
47. [47] Mortada, S., Zoughaib, A., Arzano-Daurelle, C., and Clodic, D., Boiling Heat Transfer And Pressure Drop of R-134a And R-1234yf In Minichannels For Low Mass Fluxes, International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 962–973, 2012.
48. [48] Anwar, Z., and Lahore, T., Evaporative Heat Transfer With R134a In A Vertical Minichannel, Pakistan Journal of Engineering And Applied Sciences, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 101–109, 2013.
49. [49] Saisorn, S., Kaew-On J., and Wongwises, S., An Experimental Investigation of Flow Boiling Heat Transfer of R-134a In Horizontal And Vertical Mini-Channels, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 46, pp. 232–244, 2013.
50. [50] Copetti, J. B., MacAgnan, M. H. and Zinani, F., Experimental Study on R-600a Boiling in 2.6 mm Tube, International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 325–334, 2013.
51. [51] Maqbool, M. H., Palm, B., and Khodabandeh, R., Investigation of Two Phase Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of Propane in a Vertical Circular Minichannel, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 46, pp. 120–130, 2013.
52. [52] Mikielewicz, D., Wajs, J., Gliński, M., and Zrooga, A. B. R. S., Experimental Investigation of Dryout of SES 36, R134a, R123 and Ethanol in Vertical Small Diameter Tubes, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 44, pp. 556–564, 2013.
53. [53] Balavignesh, S., Umesh, V., and Raja, B., Flow Boiling Heat Characteristics of n-Pentane in a Mini-Channel, Procedia Engineering, vol. 64, pp. 1524–1532, 2013.
54. [54] Kim, D., and Jeong, S. Effect of Micro-grooves on the Two-Phase Pressure Drop of CO2 in a Mini-Channel Tube, International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 2040–2047, 2013.
55. [55] Kim, S. M., and Mudawar, I., Universal Approach to Predicting Saturated Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in Mini/Micro-Channels - Part I. Dryout Incipience Quality, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 64, pp. 1226–1238, 2013.
56. [56] Kim, S. M., and Mudawar, I., Universal Approach to Predicting Saturated Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in Mini/Micro-Channels - Part II. Two-phase Heat Transfer Coefficient, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 64, pp. 1239–1256, 2013.
57. [57] Brutin, D., Ajaev, V. S. and Tadrist, L., Pressure Drop and Void Fraction During Flow Boiling in Rectangular Minichannels in Weightlessness, Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 51, no. 1-2, pp. 1317–1327, 2013.
58. [58] Kim, S. M., and Mudawar, I., Universal Approach to Predicting Two-Phase Frictional Pressure Drop for Mini/Micro-Channel Saturated Flow Boiling, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 58, no. 1-2, pp. 718–734, 2013.
59. [59] Anwar, Z., Palm, B. and Khodabandeh, R. Flow Boiling Heat Transfer and Dryout Characteristics of R152a in a Vertical Mini-Channel, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 53 no. 14-15, pp. 207–217, 2014.
60. [60] Charnay, R., Bonjour, J.,and Revellin, R., Experimental investigation of R-245fa flow boiling in minichannels at high saturation temperatures: Flow patterns and flow pattern maps, Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow, 46, no. 8, pp. 1–16. 2014.
61. [61] Choi, K., Oh, J., Saito, K., and Soo, J., Comparison of Heat Transfer Coefficient During Evaporation of Natural Refrigerants and R-1234yf in Horizontal Small Tube, International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 41, pp. 210-218, 2013.
62. [62] Xu, Y., Fang, X., Li, G., and Li, D., An Experimental Investigation of Flow Boiling Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of R134a in a Horizontal 2.168 mm Tube Under Hypergravity. Part I: Frictional Pressure Drop, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 75, pp. 769–779, 2014.
63. [63] Piasecka, M., Correlations for Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in Minichannels With Various Orientations, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 81, pp. 114–121, 2015.
64. [64] Xu, Y., Fang, X., Li, G., and Li, D., An Experimental Investigation of Flow Boiling Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of R134a in a Horizontal 2.168 mm Tube Under Hypergravity. Part II: Frictional Pressure Drop, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 80, pp. 597–604, 2015.
65. [65] Yen T.-H., Kasagi, N., and Suzuki, Y., Forced Convective Boiling Heat Transfer in Microtubes at Low Mass and Heat Fluxes, International Journal of Multiphase Flow, vol. 29, no. 12, pp. 1771–1792, 2003.
66. [66] Steinke, M. E., and Kandlikar, S. G., Control and Effect of Dissolved Air in Water During Flow Boiling in Microchannels, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 47, pp. 1925–1935, 2004.
67. [67] Thome, J. R., Dupont, V., and Jacobi, A. M., Heat Transfer Model for Evaporation in Microchannels. Part I: Presentation of the Model, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 47, no. 14-16, pp. 3375–3385, 2004.
68. [68] Yun, R., Kim, Y., and Kim, M. S., Convective Boiling Heat Transfer Characteristics of CO2 in Microchannels, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol.48, no. 2, pp. 235–242, 2005.
69. [69] Li, Z., He, Y.-L., Tang, G.-H., and Tao, W.-Q., Experimental and Numerical Studies of Liquid Flow and Heat Transfer in Microtubes, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 50, no. 17-18, pp. 3447–3460, 2007.
70. [70] Qi, S. L., Zhang, P., Wang, R. Z., and Xu, L. X., Flow Boiling of Liquid Nitrogen in Micro-Tubes: Part II – Heat Transfer Characteristics and Critical Heat Flux, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 50, no. 25-26, pp. 5017-5030, 2007.
71. [71] Lee, P. C., and Pan, C., On the Eruptive Boiling in Silicon-Based Microchannels, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 51, no. 19, pp. 4841–4849, 2008.
72. [72] In, S., and Jeong, S., Flow Boiling Heat Transfer Characteristics of R123 and R134a in a Micro-Channel, International Journal of Multiphase Flow, vol. 35, no. 11, pp. 987–1000, 2009.
73. [73] Roday, A. P., and Jensen, M. K., Study of The Critical Heat Flux Condition With Water and R-123 During Flow Boiling in Microtubes. Part I: Experimental Results and Discussion of Parametric Effects, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 52, no. 13, pp. 3235–3249, 2009.
74. [74] Shiferaw, D., Karayiannis, T. G., and Kenning, D. B. R., Flow Boiling in a 1.1 mm Tube With R134a: Experimental Results and Comparison With Model, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 331–341, 2009.
75. [75] Awad, M. M., and Muzychka, Y. S., Two-Phase Flow Modeling in Microchannels and Minichannels, Heat Transfer Engineering, vol. 31, pp. 1023–1033, 2010.
76. [76] Celata, G. P., Saha, S. K., Zummo, G., and Dossevi, D., Heat Transfer Characteristics of Flow Boiling in a Single Horizontal Microchannel, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, vol. 49, no. 7, pp. 1086–1094, 2010.
77. [77] Kandlikar, S. G., Scale Effects on Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in Microchannels: A Fundamental Perspective, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, vol. 49, pp. 1073–1085, 2010.
78. [78] Ali, R. and Palm, B., Dryout Characteristics During Flow Boiling of R134a in Vertical Circular Minichannels, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 54, no. 11, pp. 2434–2445, 2011.
79. [79] Choi, C., and Kim, M., Flow Pattern Based Correlations of Two-Phase Pressure Drop in Rectangular Microchannels, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 1199–1207, 2011.
80. [80] Costa-Patry, E., Olivier, J., Michel, B. and Thome, J. R. Two-Phase Flow of Refrigerants In 85 µm-Wide Multi-Microchannels: Part II - Heat Transfer With 35 Local Heaters, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 464–476, 2011.
81. [81] Ducoulombier, M., Colasson, S., Bonjour, J., and Haberschill, P., Carbon Dioxide Flow Boiling in a Single Microchannel - Part I: Pressure Drops, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 581–596, 2011.
82. [82] Ducoulombier, M., Colasson, S., Bonjour, J., and Haberschill, P., Carbon Dioxide Flow Boiling in a Single Microchannel - Part II: Heat Transfer, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 597–611, 2011.
83. [83] Wu, Z., Li, W., and Ye, S., Correlations for Saturated Critical Heat Flux in Microchannels, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 54, no. 1-3, pp. 379–389, 2011.
84. [84] Liu, T. L., Fu, B. R., and Pan, C., Boiling Two-Phase Flow and Efficiency of Co- And Counter-Current Microchannel Heat Exchangers With Gas Heating, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 55, no. 21-22, pp. 6130–6141, 2012.
85. [85] Vakili-Farahani, F., Agostini, B. and Thome, J. R., Experimental Study on Flow Boiling Heat Transfer of Multiport Tubes With R245fa and R1234ze(E), International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 335–352, 2013.
86. [86] Mahmoud, M. M. and Karayiannis, T. G., Heat Transfer Correlation for Flow Boiling in Small to Micro Tubes, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 66, pp. 553–574, 2013.
87. [87] Kaya, A., Özdemir, M. R., and Koşar, A., High Mass Flux Flow Boiling and Critical Heat Flux in Microscale, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, vol. 65, pp. 70–78, 2013.
88. [88] Del Col, D., Bortolin, S., and Rossetto, L., Convective Boiling Inside a Single Circular Microchannel, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 67, pp. 1231–1245, 2013.
89. [89] Liu, Y., Fletcher, D. F., and Haynes, B. S., On the Importance of Upstream Compressibility in Microchannel Boiling Heat Transfer, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 58, no. 1-2, pp. 503–512, 2013.
90. [90] Kabova, Y., Kuznetsov, V. V., Kabov, O., Gambaryan-Roisman, T., and Stephan, P., Evaporation of a Thin Viscous Liquid Film Sheared by Gas in a Microchannel, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 68, pp. 527–541, 2014.
91. [91] Rao, S. R., Houshmand, F., and Peles, Y., Transient Flow Boiling Heat-Transfer Measurements in Microdomains, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 76, pp. 317–329, 2014.
92. [92] Mirmanto, M., Heat Transfer Coefficient Calculated Using Linear Pressure Gradient Assumption and Measurement For Flow Boiling in Microchannels, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 79, pp. 269–278, 2014.
93. [93] Lim, T.-W., You, S.-S., Choi, J.-H., and Kim, H.-S., Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer in Two-Phase Flow Boiling, Experimental Heat Transfer A Journal of Thermal Energy Generation, Transport, Storage, Conversion, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 23–36, 2015.
94. [94] Peng, X. F., Liu, D., Lee, D. J., Yan, Y., and Wang, B. X., Cluster Dynamics and Fictitious Boiling in Microchannels, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 43, no. 23, pp. 4259–4265, 2000.
95. [95] Lee, P. C., Tseng, F. G., and Pan, C., Bubble Dynamics in Microchannels. Part I: Single Microchannel, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 47, no. 25, pp. 5575–5589, 2004.
96. [96] Li, H. Y., Tseng, F. G. and Pan, C., Bubble Dynamics in Microchannels. Part II: Two Parallel Microchannels, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 47, no. 25, pp. 5591–5601, 2004.
97. [97] Kenning, D. B. R., Wen, D. S., Das, K. S., and Wilson, S. K., Confined Growth of a Vapour Bubble in a Capillary Tube at Initially Uniform Superheat: Experiments and Modelling, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 49, no. 23-24, pp. 4653–4671, 2006.
98. [98] Dong, T., Yang, Z., and Wu, H., Molecular Simulations of R141b Boiling Flow in Micro/Nano Channel: Interfacial Phenomena, Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 47, no. 15-16, pp. 2178–2191, 2006.
99. [99] Mukherjee, A., and Kandlikar, S.G., The Effect of Inlet Constriction on Bubble Growth During Flow Boiling in Microchannels, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 52, pp. 5204–5212, 2009.
100. [100] Barber, J., Brutin, D., Sefiane, K., and Tadrist, L., Bubble Confinement in Flow Boiling of FC-72 in a “Rectangular” Microchannel of High Aspect Ratio, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 34, no.8, pp. 1375–1388, 2010.
101. [101] Fu, X., Zhang, P., Huang, C. J., and Wang, R. Z., Bubble Growth, Departure and the Following Flow Pattern Evolution During Flow Boiling in a Mini-Tube, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 53, no. 21-22, pp. 4819–4831, 2010.
102. [102] Mukherjee, A., Kandlikar, S. G., and Edel, Z. J., Numerical Study of Bubble Growth and Wall Heat Transfer During Flow Boiling in a Microchannel, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 54, pp. 3702–3718, 2011.
103. [103] Wang, Y., and Sefiane, K., Single Bubble Geometry Evolution in Micro-Scale Space, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, vol. 67, pp. 31–40, 2013.
104. [104] Pattamatta, A., Freystein, M., and Stephan, P., A Parametric Study on Phase Change Heat Transfer due to Taylor-Bubble Coalescence in a Square Minichannel, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 76, pp. 16–32, 2014.
105. [105] Gong, S., and Cheng, P., Numerical Investigation of Saturated Flow Boiling in Microchannels by the Lattice Boltzmann Method, Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, vol. 65, pp. 37–41, 2014.
106. [106] Satitchaicharoen, P., and Wongwises, S., Two-Phase Flow Pattern Maps for Vertical Upward Gas-Liquid Flow in Mini-Gap Channels, International Journal of Multiphase Flow, vol. 30, no.2, pp. 225–236, 2004.
107. [107] Owhaib, W., Palm, B., and Martín-Callizo, C., Flow Boiling Visualization in a Vertical Circular Minichannel at High Vapor Quality, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 30, no.8, pp. 755–763, 2006.
108. [108] Yen, T. H., Shoji, M., Takemura, F., Suzuki, Y., and Kasagi, N., Visualization of Convective Boiling Heat Transfer in Single Microchannels with Different Shaped Cross-Sections, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 49, no. 21, pp. 3884–3894, 2006.
109. [109] Cheng, L., Ribatski, G., Wojtan, L., and Thome, J. R., New Flow Boiling Heat Transfer Model and Flow Pattern Map for Carbon Dioxide Evaporating Inside Horizontal Tubes, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 49, no. 21, pp. 4082–4094, 2006.
110. [110] Pamitran, A. S., Choi, K. I., Oh, J. T., and Oh, H. K., Forced Convective Boiling Heat Transfer of R-410A in Horizontal Minichannels, International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 155–165, 2007.
111. [111] Saisorn, S., Kaew-On, J., and Wongwises, S., Flow Pattern and Heat Transfer Characteristics of R-134a Refrigerant During Flow Boiling in a Horizontal Circular Mini-Channel, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 35, no. 19, pp. 887–895, 2011.
112. [112] Ozawa, M., Ami, T., Umekawa, H., Matsumoto, R., and Hara, T., Forced Flow Boiling of Carbon Dioxide in Horizontal Mini-Channel, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 296–308, 2011.
113. [113] Dall’Olio, S., and Marengo, M., Boiling of R134a Inside a Glass Minichannel. A New Statistical Approach of Flow Pattern Characterization Based on Flow Visualization, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 1048–1065, 2012.
114. [114] Harirchian, T., and Garimella, S. V., Flow Regime-Based Modeling of Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Microchannel Flow Boiling, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 1246–1260, 2012.
115. [115] Costa-Patry, E., and Thome, J. R., Flow Pattern-Based Flow Boiling Heat Transfer Model for Microchannels, International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 414–420, 2013.
116. [116] Magnini, M., Pulvirenti, B., and Thome, J. R., Numerical Investigation of Hydrodynamics and Heat Transfer of Elongated Bubbles During Flow Boiling in a Microchannel, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 451–471, 2013.
117. [117] Piasecka, M., Heat Transfer Mechanism, Pressure Drop and Flow Patterns During FC-72 Flow Boiling in Horizontal and Vertical Minichannels With Enhanced Walls, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 66, pp. 472–488, 2013.
118. [118] Borhani, N., and Thome, J. R., Intermittent Dewetting and Dryout of Annular Flows, International Journal of Multiphase Flow, vol. 67, pp. 144-152, 2014.
119. [119] Charnay, R., Bonjour, J., and Revellin, R., Experimental Investigation of R-245fa Flow Boiling in Minichannels at High Saturation Temperatures: Flow Patterns and Flow Pattern Maps, International Journal of Heat Fluid Flow, vol. 46, pp. 1–16, 2014.
120. [120] C.B. Tibiriçá, C. B., and Ribatski, G., Flow Patterns and Bubble Departure Fundamental Characteristics During Flow Boiling in Microscale Channels, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 59, pp. 152-165, 2014.
121. [121] Brutin, D., Topin, F., and Tadrist, L., Experimental Study of Unsteady Convective Boiling in Heated Minichannels, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 46, pp. 2957–2965, 2003.
122. [122] Bergles, A. E., and Kandlikar, S.G., On the Nature of Critical Heat Flux in Microchannels, Journal of Heat Transfer, vol. 127, no. 1, pp. 101-107, 2005.
123. [123] Kandlikar, S. G., Nucleation Characteristics and Stability Considerations During Flow Boiling in Microchannels, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 30, pp. 441–447, 2006.
124. [124] Kandlikar, S. G., Effect of Liquid-Vapor Phase Distribution on the Heat Transfer Mechanisms during Flow Boiling in Minichannels and Microchannels, Heat Transfer Engineering, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 4–13, 2006.
125. [125] Qi, S. L., Zhang, P., Wang, R .Z., and Xu, L. X., Flow Boiling of Liquid Nitrogen in Micro-Tubes: Part I - The Onset of Nucleate Boiling, Two-Phase Flow Instability and Two-Phase Flow Pressure Drop, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 50, pp. 4999–5016, 2007.
126. [126] Wang, G., Cheng, P., and Bergles, E., Effects of Inlet/Outlet Configurations on Flow Boiling Instability in Parallel Microchannels, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 51, pp. 2267–2281, 2008.
127. [127] Lee, H. J., Liu, D. Y., and Yao, S., Flow Instability of Evaporative Micro-Channels International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 53, pp. 1740–1749, 2010.
128. [128] Lee, H. J., and Yao, S. C., System Instability of Evaporative Micro-Channels, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 53, pp. 1731–1739, 2010.
129. [129] Tuo, H., and Hrnjak, P., Effect of Venting the Periodic Reverse Vapor Flow on the Performance of a Microchannel Evaporator in Air-Conditioning Systems, International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 69, pp. 66–76, 2014.
130. [130] Tuo, H., and Hrnjak, P., Visualization and Measurement of Periodic Reverse Flow and Boiling Fluctuations in a Microchannel Evaporator of an Air-Conditioning System, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol.71, pp. 639–652, 2014.
131. [131] Wang, Y., Sefiane, K., Wang, Z. G., and Harmand, S., Analysis of Two-Phase Pressure Drop Fluctuations During Micro-Channel Flow Boiling, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 70, pp. 353–362, 2014.
132. [132] Edel, Z., and Mukherjee, A., Flow Boiling Dynamics of Water and Nanofluids in a Single Microchannel at Different Heat Fluxes, Journal of Heat Transfer, vol. 137, no.1, pp. 1-8, 2015.
133. [133] Koşar, A., Kuo, C. J., and Peles, Y., Boiling Heat Transfer in Rectangular Microchannels With Reentrant Cavities, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 48, pp. 4867–4886, 2005.
134. [134] Sitar, A., Sedmak, I., and Golobic, I., Boiling of Water and FC-72 in Microchannels Enhanced With Novel Features, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 55, pp. 6446–6457, 2012.
135. [135] Karayiannis, T. G., Mahmoud, M. M., Kenning, and D. B. R., A Study of Discrepancies in Flow Boiling Results in Small to Microdiameter Metallic Tubes, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 36, pp. 126–142, 2012.
136. [136] Lee, W., Son, G., and Yoon, H. Y., Direct Numerical Simulation of Flow Boiling in a Finned Microchannel, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 39, pp. 1460–1466, 2012.
137. [137] Zhou, S., Xu, X., and Sammakia, B. G., Modeling of Boiling Flow in Microchannels for Nucleation Characteristics and Performance Optimization, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 64, pp. 706–718, 2013.
138. [138] Piasecka, M., The Use of Enhanced Surface in Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in a Rectangular Minichannel, Experimental Heat Transfer, vol. 27, pp. 231–255, 2014.
139. [139] Pike-Wilson, E. A., and Karayiannis, T.G. Flow Boiling of R245fa in 1.1 mm Diameter Stainless Steel, Brass and Copper Tubes, Experimental Heat Transfer, vol. 59, pp. 166-183, 2014.
140. [140] Yang, F., Dai, X., Peles, Y., and Cheng, P., J. Khan, C. Li, Flow boiling phenomena in a single annular flow regime in microchannels (I): Characterization of flow boiling heat transfer, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 68, pp. 703–715, 2014.
141. [141] Yang, F., Dai, X., Peles, Y., and Cheng, P., J. Khan, C. Li, Flow boiling phenomena in a single annular flow regime in microchannels (II): Reduced Pressure Drop and Enhanced Critical Heat Flux, , International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 68, pp. 716–724, 2014.
142. [142] Lee, W., and Son, G. Numerical Simulation of Bubble Growth and Heat Transfer During Flow Boiling in a Surface-Modified Microchannel, Heat Transfer Engineering, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 501–507, 2014.
143. [143] Piasecka, M., Heat Transfer Research on Enhanced Heating Surfaces in Flow Boiling in a Minichannel and Pool Boiling, Annals of Nuclear Energy, vol. 73, pp. 282–293, 2014.
144. [144] Saisorn, S. and Wongwises S., Flow pattern, void fraction and pressure drop of two-phase air-water flow in a horizontal circular micro-channel. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 748-760, 2008.
145. [145] Saisorn, S. and Wongwises, S., An inspection of viscosity model for homogeneous two-phase flow pressure drop prediction in a horizontal circular micro-channel, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 833-838, 2008.
146. [146] Saisorn, S. and Wongwises S., An experimental investigation of two-phase air-water flow through a horizontal circular micro-channel, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 306-315, 2009.
147. [147] Saisorn, S. and Wongwises, S., The effects of channel diameter on flow pattern, void fraction and pressure drop of two-phase air-water flow in circular micro-channels, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 454-462, 2010.
148. [148] Saisorn, S. and Wongwises, S., Two-phase air-water flow in micro-channels: An inspection of viscosity models for pressure drop prediction, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 38, pp. 212-217, 2011.
149. [149] Saisorn, S., Kuaseng, P. and Wongwises, S. Heat transfer characteristics of gas-liquid flow in horizontal rectangular micro-channels, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 55, pp. 54-61, 2014.
150. [150] Suwankamnerd, P. and Wongwises, S. An Experimental Study of Two-phase Air-water Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Segmented Flow in a Microchannel, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 62, pp. 29-39, 2015.
151. [151] Saisorn, S. and Wongwises, S., Adiabatic Two-Phase Gas–Liquid Flow Behaviors during Upward Flow in a Vertical Circular Micro-channel, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 69, pp. 158-168, 2015.
152. [152] Kaew-on, J. and Wongwises, S., Experimental investigation of evaporation heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop of R-410A in a multiport mini-channel, International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 124-137, 2009.
153. [153] Kaew-On, J., Sakamatapan, K. and Wongwises, S., Flow Boiling Heat Transfer of R-134a in a Multiport Minichannel Heat Exchangers, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 35 pp. 364-374, 2011.
154. [154] Kaew-On, J., Sakamatapan, K., Wongwises, S., Flow boiling pressure drop of R134a in the counter flow multiport minichannel heat exchangers, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 107-117, 2012.
155. [155] Sakamatapan, K., Kaewon, J.,Dalkilic, A.S., Mahian, O. and Wongwises, S., Condensation heat transfer Characteristics of R-134a flowing inside the multiport minichannels, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 64, pp. 976-985, 2013.
156. [156] Sakamatapan, K., Kaew-On, J. and Wongwises, S., Pressure drop during condensation of R134a flowing inside a multiport minichannel, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 75, pp. 31-39, 2014.
157. [157] Nilpueng, K., and Wongwises, S., Experimental investigation of flow characteristics of HFC134a through short tube orifices, International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 854-864, 2009.
158. [158] Nilpueng, K. and Wongwises, S., Flow pattern, mass flow rate, pressure distribution, and temperature distribution of two-phase flow of HFC-134a inside short-tube orifices, International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 32, no. 8, pp. 1864-1875, 2009.
159. [159] Nilpueng, K., and Wongwises, S., Flow mechanisms of HFC-410A inside short tube orifices during flashing process, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer vol. 53, no. 17-18, pp. 449-459, 2010.
160. [160] Nilpueng, K. and Wongwises, S., Choked flow mechanism of HFC-134a flowing through short-tube orifices, Experimental Thermal and Fluids Science, vol. 35, pp. 347-354, 2011.
161. [161] Nilpueng, K. and Wongwises, S., Performance characteristics of HFC-134a and HFC-410A refrigeration system using a short-tube orifice as the expansion device, Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 1219-1227, 2011.
162. [162] Nilpueng, K. and Wongwises, S., Review on the Experimental Studies of Refrigerant Flow Mechanisms inside Short-Tube Orifices, International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 27-35, 2012.
163. [163] Nilpueng, K. and Wongwises, S., A review of numerical modelling studies on short-tube orifices performance with application to air-conditioning, International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 740-749, 2012.
164. [164] Nilpueng, K. and Wongwises, S. Numerical simulation of refrigerants flowing through short-tube orifices during flashing process, HVAC&R vol. 19, pp. 159-174, 2013.
165. [165] Saisorn, S., Kaew-on, J. and Wongwises, S., Flow pattern and heat transfer characteristics of R-134a refrigerant during flow boiling in a horizontal circular mini-channel, International Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 53, no. 19-20, pp. 4023-4038, 2010.
166. [166] Saisorn, S., Kaew-On, J. and Wongwises, S., Two-phase flow of R-134a refrigerant during flow boiling through a horizontal circular mini-channel, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 35, pp. 887-895, 2011.
167. [167] Saisorn, S., Kaewon, J. and Wongwises, S., An Experimental Investigation of Flow Boiling Heat Transfer of R134a in horizontal and Vertical Mini-channels, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science vol. 46, pp. 232-244, 2013.
168. [168] Keepaiboon, C. and Wongwises, S., Two-Phase flow patterns and heat transfer characteristics of R134a refrigerant during flow boiling in a single rectangular micro-channel, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science vol. 66, pp. 36-45, 2015.
169. [169] Duangthongsuk, W., Dalkilic, A.S., and Wongwises, S., Convective heat transfer of Al2O3-water nanofluids in a microchannel heat sink, Current Nanoscience vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 317-322, 2012.
170. [170] Nitiapiruk, P., Mahian, O., Dalkilic, A.S. and Wongwises, S., Performance characteristics of a microchannel heat sink using TiO2/water nanofluid and different thermophysical models, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer vol. 47, pp. 98-104, 2013.
171. [171] Saisorn, S, and Wongwises S., A review of two-phase gas-liquid adiabatic flow characteristics in micro-channels. Renewable Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 32, no. 3, pp.748-760, 2008.
172. [172] Saisorn, S. and Wongwises, S., A critical review of recent investigations on heat transfer in flow boiling micro-channels, Frontier in Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 3-013006, 2012.
173. [173] Saisorn, S., Wongwises, S., A critical review of recent investigations on two-phase pressure drop in flow boiling micro-channels, Frontier in Heat and Mass Transfer vol. 3, 013007, 2012.
174. [174] Awad, M. M., Dalkilic, A. S. and Wongwises, S., A critical review on condensation heat transfer in microchannels and minichannels, Journal of Nanotechnology in Engineering and Medicine, vol. 5, 010801-1, 2014.
175. [175] Awad, M. M., Dalkilic, A. S. and Wongwises, S., A Critical Review on Condensation Pressure Drop in Microchannels and Minichannels, in: Salim Newaz Kazi (Ed.), Heat Transfer Studies and Applications, InTech, Chapter 3, pp. 53-102, 2015.