MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION OF A R744/R134A CASCADE REFRIGERATION SYSTEM: EXERGETIC, ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND SENSITIVE ANALYSIS (3ES)

Abstract

This work presents the optimization of a two stage-cascade refrigeration system (TS-CRS), based on exergetic, economic, environmental, and sensitive analysis (3ES). R134a and R744 are considered as the refrigerants of high and low temperature circuits, respectively. Two single-optimization strategies including exergetic and economic optimizations and a multi-objective optimization are applied on the problem. In the first step, a comprehensive performance evaluation of different effective parameters, based on the genetic algorithm, used to indicate the optimum operative conditions in single objective strategies. In the next step, a multi-objective optimization is performed with considering a decision-making strategy based on the Pareto frontier using TOPSIS method. The higher exergetic efficiency and lower cost found in the exergetic and economic single-optimization, respectively. The multi-objective optimization results demonstrate that, the total system cost and the exergetic efficiency increase 28.6% and 99.5%, respectively, compared to the base design, and 46.6% higher energy can be saved in the compressors.

Keywords

• Cascade Refrigeration
• Thermo-economic Optimization
• Exergetic
• Economic
• Environmental
• Sensitive Analysis

References

1. [1] Getu, H. M., Bansal, P. K. (2006). Simulation model of a low-temperature supermarket refrigeration system. HVAC&R Research, 12(4), 1117-1139.
2. [2] Getu, H. M., Bansal, P. K. (2008). Thermodynamic analysis of an R744–R717 cascade refrigeration system. International journal of refrigeration, 31(1), 45-54.
3. [3] Messineo, A. (2012). R744-R717 cascade refrigeration system: performance evaluation compared with a HFC two-stage system. Energy Procedia, 14, 56-65.
4. [4] Pearson, A. (2001). New developments in industrial refrigeration. Ashrae Journal, 43(3), 54.
5. [5] Devotta, S., Padalkar, A. S., Sane, N. K. (2005). Performance assessment of HC-290 as a drop-in substitute to HCFC-22 in a window air conditioner. International Journal of Refrigeration, 28(4), 594-604.
6. [6] Chen, W. (2008). A comparative study on the performance and environmental characteristics of R410A and R22 residential air conditioners. Applied thermal engineering, 28(1), 1-7.
7. [7] Lee, T. S., Liu, C. H., Chen, T. W. (2006). Thermodynamic analysis of optimal condensing temperature of cascade-condenser in CO2/NH3 cascade refrigeration systems. International Journal of Refrigeration, 29(7), 1100-1108.
8. [8] Bhattacharyya, S., Bose, S., Sarkar, J. (2007). Exergy maximization of cascade refrigeration cycles and its numerical verification for a transcritical CO2–C3H8 system. International Journal of Refrigeration, 30(4), 624-632.

9. [9] Mafi, M., Naeynian, S. M., Amidpour, M. (2009). Exergy analysis of multistage cascade low temperature refrigeration systems used in olefin plants. International journal of refrigeration, 32(2), 279-294.
10. [10] Keshtkar, M. M., Talebizadeh, P. (2017). Multi-objective optimization of cooling water package based on 3E analysis: A case study. Energy, 134, 840-849.
11. [11] Rahdar, M. H., Heidari, M., Ataei, A., Choi, J. K. (2016). Modeling and optimization of R-717 and R-134a ice thermal energy storage air conditioning systems using NSGA-II and MOPSO algorithms. Applied Thermal Engineering, 96, 217-227.
12. [12] Najjar, Y. S., Abubaker, A. M. (2017). Thermoeconomic analysis and optimization of a novel inlet air cooling system with gas turbine engines using cascaded waste-heat recovery. Energy, 128, 421-434.
13. [13] Rezayan, O., Behbahaninia, A. (2011). Thermoeconomic optimization and exergy analysis of CO2/NH3 cascade refrigeration systems. Energy, 36(2), 888-895.
14. [14] Raja, B. D., Jhala, R. L., Patel, V. (2018). Multiobjective thermo‐economic and thermodynamics optimization of a plate–fin heat exchanger. Heat Transfer—Asian Research, 47(2), 253-270.
15. [15] Dubey, A. M., Kumar, S., Agrawal, G. D. (2014). Thermodynamic analysis of a transcritical CO2/propylene (R744–R1270) cascade system for cooling and heating applications. Energy conversion and management, 86, 774-783.
16. [16] Parekh, A. D., Tailor, P. R., Sutaria, N. (2012). Thermoeconomic Optimization of Cascade Refrigeration System using Refrigerant Pair R404A-R508B. In Applied Mechanics and Materials (Vol. 110, pp. 677-684). Trans Tech Publications.
17. [17] Keshtkar, M. M. (2016). Effect of subcooling and superheating on performance of a cascade refrigeration system with considering thermo-economic analysis and multi-objective optimization. Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Technology, 5(2), 42-47.
18. [18] Toghyani, S., Kasaeian, A., Ahmadi, M. H. (2014). Multi-objective optimization of Stirling engine using non-ideal adiabatic method. Energy Conversion and Management, 80, 54-62.
19. [19] Sadatsakkak, S. A., Ahmadi, M. H., Ahmadi, M. A. (2015). Optimization performance and thermodynamic analysis of an irreversible nano scale Brayton cycle operating with Maxwell–Boltzmann gas. Energy Conversion and Management, 101, 592-605.
20. [20] Kaushik, S. C., Kumar, R., Arora, R. (2016). Thermo-economic optimization and parametric study of an irreversible regenerative Brayton cycle. Journal of Thermal Engineering (ICES2015).
21. [21] Heidarnejad, P. (2017). Exergy Based Optimization of a Biomass and Solar Fuelled CCHP Hybrid Seawater Desalination Plant. Journal of Thermal Engineering, 3(1), 1034-1043.
22. [22] Keshtkar, M. M. (2017). Performance analysis of a counter flow wet cooling tower and selection of optimum operative condition by MCDM-TOPSIS method. Applied Thermal Engineering, 114, 776-784.
23. [23] Wouagfack, P. A. N., Tchinda, R. (2011). Irreversible three-heat-source refrigerator with heat transfer law of QαΔ (T− 1) and its performance optimization based on ECOP criterion. Energy Systems, 2(3-4), 359-376.
24. [24] Kotas, T. J. (1986). Exergy method of thermal and chemical plant analysis. Trans IChemE, 64, 212-229.
25. [25] Bejan, A., Tsatsaronis, G., Moran, M., Moran, M. J. (1996). Thermal design and optimization. John Wiley & Sons.
26. [26] Aminyavari, M., Najafi, B., Shirazi, A., Rinaldi, F. (2014). Exergetic, economic and environmental (3E) analyses, and multi-objective optimization of a CO2/NH3 cascade refrigeration system. Applied Thermal Engineering, 65(1-2), 42-50.
27. [27] Rao, R. V., Saroj, A. (2018). Multi-objective design optimization of heat exchangers using elitist-Jaya algorithm. Energy Systems, 9(2), 305-341.
28. [28] Klein, S. A., Alvarado, F. L. (1992). EES: Engineering equation solver for the Microsoft Windows operating system. F-Chart software.
29. [29] Nellis, G., Klein, S. (2009). Mass transfer. Heat Transfer, Cambridge University Press, New York.
30. [30] Kays, W.M., London, A.L., “Compact Heat Exchangers”, Krieger Publishing Company, (1984).
31. [31] Shah, R.K., Sekulic, D.P., “Fundamentals of Heat Exchanger Design”, Wiley, (2003)
32. [32] Thirumaleshwar, M., “Software Solutions to Problems on Heat Transfer - Boiling and Condensation”, (2013)
33. [33] Harrell Jr, F. E. (2015). Regression modeling strategies: with applications to linear models, logistic and ordinal regression, and survival analysis. Springer.
34. [34] Konak, A., Coit, D. W., Smith, A. E. (2006). Multi-objective optimization using genetic algorithms: A tutorial. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 91(9), 992-1007.
35. [35] Holland, J. H. (1992). Adaptation in natural and artificial systems: an introductory analysis with applications to biology, control, and artificial intelligence. MIT press.