FLOW BOILING HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS OF TITANIUM OXIDE/WATER NANOFLUID (TIO2/DI WATER) IN AN ANNULAR HEAT EXCHANGER

Abstract

A range of experiments was conducted to measure the heat transfer characteristics of titanium oxide/deionized water nanofluid (NF) inside a steel-made Pyrex annular system. A set of experiments was designed and performed at inlet temperature (IT) of the NF (333 K-363 K), the applied heat flux (AHF) (4.98 kW/m2 to 112 kW/m2), 1988 < Re < 13,588 and dispersion concentration of wt.%=0.05 to wt.%=0.15) on the average heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and boiling section’s average pressure drop (PD). It was demonstrated that the increase in the volume flow and the AHF can increase the HTC while increasing the weight concentration of the NF, initially increased the HTC such that the maximum enhancement in the HTC was 35.7% at wt.%=0.15 and Re=13500, however, over the time, the HTC of the NF decreased. The reduction in HTC was attributed to the formation of continual sedimentation on the boiling surface after 1000 minutes of the operation. The IT of the NF slightly increased the HTC, which was due to the enhancement in the thermal and physical properties such as thermal conductivity. The maximum enhancement in HTC due to increase of the IT from 333 K to 363 K was 4.2% at wt.%=0.15 and Re=13500. The bubble formation was also found to be a strong function of the applied HF such that with increasing the HF, the rate of the bubble formation increased, which was also the reason behind the augmentation in the HTC at larger AHFs. Also, the PD was augmented due to the increase in the velocity and flow and also weight concentration of NF. The highest value measured for PD was 9 kPa recorded at a weight fraction of 0.15 and Re=13500, which was 28% larger than that of measured for the base fluid. It was also found that a continual fouling layer of nanoparticles (NPs) was formed on the boiling surface, which induced a thermal resistance against the boiling heat transfer. The fouling formation reduced the HTC of the NF such that the maximum reduction in the HTC was 21.6% after 1000 minutes of the operation of the heater.

Keywords

• Annular Heat Exchanger
• Flow Boiling
• Titanium Oxide/Deionized Water Nanofluid
• Bubble Formation

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