COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF FIRST, SECOND AND THIRD GENERATION BIODIESELS AS FUEL IN A DIESEL ENGINE

Year 2020, , 211 - 225, 01.12.2020

Upendra Rajak Prerana Nashine Tikendra Verma

https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.818036

Cited By: 8

Abstract

The present study aims to investigate emission characteristics with the B20 blend level of first, second and third generation biodiesels. The engine, a naturally aspirated, single cylinder, diesel engine, was operated at 1500 rpm engine speed and at different engine loads with intervals of 25%. Also, the engine is analyzed by Diesel-RK mathematical tool and emission characteristics such as smoke, carbon dioxides (CO2), particulate matter (PM), nitric oxide (NO) and summary of emission (SE) were obtained. Numerical simulation is performed using pure diesel (D100), first, second and third generation B20 (80% diesel + 20% biodiesel). Results of reduction in emissions for biodiesel blend were found to be lower than diesel fuel as smoke (BSN) by 54.68% for jojoba, PM by 4.8% for coconut, 52.0% for jojoba and 7.1% for fish oil, NO by 38.2% for jatropha curcas, and SE by 8.8% for soybean, 12.9% for jatropha curcas and 8.8% for spirulina but carbon dioxides was found to be higher by 0.38% for rapeseed, 0.61% for fish oil. The blend of B20 shows a decrease in emissions at 1500 rpm with 100% engine load. The numerical results are verified against experimental results conducted under the same operating conditions.

Keywords

Compression ignition engine, Biodiesel, Emission, Numerical

References

• [1] Zareh P, Zare AA, Ghobadian B. Comparative assessment of performance and emission characteristics of castor, coconut and waste cooking based biodiesel as fuel in a diesel engine. Energy 2017; 139:883-894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.08.040
• [2] Tamilselvan P, Nallusamy N, Rajkumar S. A comprehensive review on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel fuelled diesel engines. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2017; 79:1134–1159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.176
• [3] Tung C, Ng J, Ahmad S, Rajoo S. Oxygenated palm biodiesel: Ignition, combustion and emissions quantification in a light-duty diesel engine. Energy Conversion and Management 2015;101:317–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.05.058
• [4] Zaharin MSM, Abdullah NR, Naja G, Sharudin H, Yusaf T. Effects of physicochemical properties of biodiesel fuel blends with alcohol on diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2017; 79:475–493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.035
• [5] Kuleshov A, Mahkamov K. Multi-zone diesel fuel spray combustion model for the simulation of a diesel engine running on biofuel. Power and Energy 2009; 222:309–321. https://doi.org/10.1243/09576509JPE530
• [6] Qi DH, Chen B, Zhang D, Lee CF. Optical study on the combustion characteristics and soot emissions of diesel e soybean biodiesel e butanol blends in a constant volume chamber. Journal of the Energy Institute 2015; 89:807-820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2015.03.007
• [7] Albo PAG, Lago S, Wolf H, Pagel R, Glen N, Clerck M, Ballereau P. Biomass and Bioenergy Density, viscosity and specific heat capacity of diesel blends with rapeseed and soybean oil methyl ester. Biomass and Bioenergy 2017; 96:87–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.11.009
• [8] Ashraful AM, Masjuki HH, Kalam MA, Fattah IMR, Imtenan S, Shahir SA, Mobarak HM. Production and comparison of fuel properties, engine performance, and emission characteristics of biodiesel from various non-edible vegetable oils: A review. Energy Conversion and Management 2014; 80:202–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.01.037
• [9] Wang Z, Li L, Wang J, Reitz RD. Effect of biodiesel saturation on soot formation in diesel engines. Fuel 2016; 175:240–248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.02.048
• [10] Patel RL, Sankhavara CD. Biodiesel production from Karanja oil and its use in diesel engine: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2017; 71: 464–474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.12.075
• [11] Huzayyin AS, Bawady AH, Rady MA, Dawood A. Experimental evaluation of Diesel engine performance and emission using blends of jojoba oil and Diesel fuel. Energy Conversion and Management 2004; 45:2093–2112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2003.10.017
• [12] Gnanasekaran S, Saravanan N, Ilangkumaran M. Influence of injection timing on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a DI diesel engine running on fish oil biodiesel. Energy 2016; 116:1218–1229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.10.039
• [13] Gharehghani A, Mirsalim M, Hosseini R. Effects of waste fish oil biodiesel on diesel engine combustion characteristics and emission. Renewable Energy 2017; 101:930–936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.09.045
• [14] Wei L, Cheung CS, Ning Z. Influence of waste cooking oil biodiesel on combustion, unregulated gaseous emissions and particulate emissions of a direct-injection diesel engine. Energy 2017; 127:175–185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.03.117
• [15] Sander A, Ko MA, Kosir D, Milosavljevi N. The influence of animal fat type and purification conditions on biodiesel quality. Renewable Energy 2018; 118:752–760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.11.068
• [16] Nautiyal P, Subramanian KA, Dastidar MG. Production and characterization of biodiesel from algae. Fuel Processing Technology 2014; 120:79–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2013.12.003
• [17] Espinosa M, Canielas L, Silvana M, Moraes A, Schmitt C, Assis R, Bastos E. Beef tallow biodiesel produced in a pilot scale. Fuel Processing Technology 2009; 90:570–575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.01.001
• [18] Yatish KV, Lalithamba HS, Suresh R, Hebbar HRH. Optimization of bauhinia variegata biodiesel production and its performance, combustion and emission study on diesel engine. Renewable Energy 2018; 122:561-575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.01.124
• [19] Rajak U, Nashine P, Verma TN. Characteristics of microalgae spirulina biodiesel with the impact of n-butanol addition on a CI engine; Energy 2019; 189:116311. doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.116311
• [20] Rajak U, Nashine P, Verma TN. Effect of Fuel Injection Pressure in a Diesel Engine using Microalgae-Diesel Emulsion; International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 2019; 8(3):263-271
• [21] Al-lwayzy SH, Yusaf T. Diesel engine performance and exhaust gas emissions using Microalgae Chlorella protothecoides biodiesel. Renewable Energy 2017; 101:690–701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.09.035
• [22] Yüksel B. Effects of higher ratios of n-butanol addition to diesel e vegetable oil blends on performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine. Journal of the Energy Institute 2015; 88:209-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2014.09.008
• [23] Imdadul HK, Masjuki HH, Kalam MA, Zulkifli NWM, Alabdulkarem A, Rashed MM, How HG. Higher alcohol – biodiesel – diesel blends: An approach for improving the performance, emission, and combustion of a light-duty diesel engine. Energy Conversion and Management 2016; 111:174–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.12.066
• [24] Mahmudul HM, Hagos FY, Mamat R, Adam AA, Ishak WFW, Alenezi R. Production, characterization and performance of biodiesel as an alternative fuel in diesel engines – A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2017; 72: 497–509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.01.001
• [25] Elsanusi OA, Roy MM, Sidhu MS. Experimental Investigation on a Diesel Engine Fueled by Diesel-Biodiesel Blends and their Emulsions at Various Engine Operating Conditions. Applied Energy 2017; 203:582–593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.06.052
• [26] Rajak U, Nashine P, Verma TN. Numerical study on emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with diesel-spirulina microalgae-ethanol blends at various operating conditions. Fuel 2020; 262:116519. doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116519.
• [27] Rajak U, Nashine P, Verma TN. Effect of spirulina microalgae biodiesel enriched with diesel fuel on performance and emission characteristics of CI engine. Fuel 2020; 268:117305. doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117305
• [28] Rajak U, Nashine P, Verma TN. Effect of fuel injection pressure of microalgae spirulina biodiesel blends on engine characteristics; Journal of Computational & Applied Research in Mechanical Engineering 2019. https://doi.org/10.22061/jcarme.2019.4767.1578
• [29] Hotti SR, Hhebbal OD. Biodiesel production and fuel properties from non-edible champaca (michelia champaca) seed oil for use in diesel engine. Journal of Thermal Engineering 2015; 1(1):330–336.
• [30] Karagöz Y, Köten H. Effect of different levels of hydrogen + LPG addition on emissions and performance of a compression ignition engine. Journal of Thermal Engineering 2019; 5(2): 58–69.
• [31] Al-mawali J, Dakka SM. Numerical analysis of flame characteristics and stability for conical nozzle burner. Journal of Thermal Engineering 2019; 5(5):422–445.
• [32] Kurien C, Srivastava AK. Review on post-treatment emission control technique by application of diesel oxidation catalysis and diesel particulate. Journal of Thermal Engineering 2019; 5(2):108–118.
• [33] Joshi MP, Thipse SS. Combustion analysis of ci engine fuelled with algae biofuel blends. Journal of Thermal Engineering 2019; 5(6):214–220.
• [34] Karagoz Y. Emissions and performance characteristics of an SI engine with biogas fuel at different CO2 ratios. Journal of Thermal Engineering 2019; 5(6):131–140.
• [35] Salam S, Verma TN. Analysis of significance of variables in IC engine operation: an empirical methodology; Energy Conversion & Management 2020; 207: 112520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112520
• [36] Rajak U, Nashine P, Verma TN, Pugazhendhi A. Performance and emission analysis of a diesel engine using hydrogen enriched n-butanol, diethyl ester and Spirulina microalgae biodiesel. Fuel 2020; 271; 117645. doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117645
• [37] Singh TS, Verma TN. Biodiesel production from Momordica Charantia (L.): Extraction and engine characteristics; Energy 2019; 189: 116198. doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.116198
• [38] Singh TS, Verma TN. Impact of Tri-Fuel on compression ignition engine emissions: Blends of waste frying oil-alcohol-diesel; Methanol and the Alternate Fuel Economy; Springer 2019; 135-156; ISBN: 978-981-13-2982-1. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3287-6_7
• [39] Shrivastava P, Verma TN, Samuel OD, Pugazhendhi A. An experimental investigation on engine characteristics, cost and energy analysis of CI engine fuelled with Roselle, Karanja biodiesel and its blends. Fuel 2020; 275: 117891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117891
• [40] Sharma DK, Verma TN. Characteristics of fish oil biodiesel with the impact of diesel fuel addition on a CI engine; Journal of Computational & Applied Research in Mechanical Engineering 2019; 10(1):245-256. doi: 10.22061/jcarme.2019.4737.1571
• [41] Salam S, Verma TN. Identifying empirically important variables in IC engine operation through redundancy analysis; Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering (LNME) - Springer 2020; 45-51, ISBN 978-981-15-1200-1. doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1201-8_6
• [42] Shankar S, Astagi HV, Hotti SR, Hebbal O. Effect of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on performance, emissions and combustion characteristics of a low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine using pongamia biodiesel. Journal of Thermal Engineering 2016; 2(6):1007–1016.
• [43] Abay K, Colak U, Yüksek L. Computational fluid dynamics analysis of flow and combustion. Journal of Thermal Engineering 2018; 4(2):1878-1895.
• [44] Gül MZ, Köten H, Yılmaz M, Savcı LH. Advanced numerical and experimental studies on CI engine emissions. Journal of Thermal Engineering 2018; 4(4):2234–2247.
• [45] Koten H. Performance analysis of a diesel engine within a multi. Journal of Thermal Engineering 2018; 4(4): 2075–2082.