COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS ANALYSIS OF FLOW AND COMBUSTION OF A DIESEL ENGINE

Year 2018, Special Issue 7: International Conference on Energy and Thermal Engineering Istanbul 2017 (ICTE 2017), 1878 - 1895, 20.12.2017

Mahmut Abay

https://doi.org/10.18186/journal-of-thermal-engineering.388333

Cited By: 11

Abstract

Efficient usage of fossil fuels
and reduction of CO₂ emissions are very important priorities for the
automotive industry. Without increasing contributions from diesel engines and
newer diesel technologies, it would not be possible to successfully meet fuel
consumption and CO₂ emission reduction targets. Therefore, new
regulations and applications have been put into action to address exhaust gas
emission problems. Some exhaust gases have become prominent with regard to
strong effects, such as NO_x and soot. NO_x contributes to
acid rain, which has deteriorating effects on the ozone layer. In this study,
flow and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine are investigated by
using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Whole engine components are modeled
and analyses are performed for entire speed range of the engine. Calculated
crank angle dependent pressure and temperature values are used as boundary
condition for reactive 3D CFD simulations. Reactive CFD simulations are
performed with 45° sector geometry for the period that both valves are closed.
In reactive simulations, RNG k-ε and Standard k- ε models are used to
characterize turbulence flow field. A lagrangian approach is used for two-phase
flow computations to simulate the liquid fuel injection. Commercially available
CFD code called Forte Reaction Design and its sub-module Chemkin are used for
three dimensional reactive simulations, moving grid generation and problem
setup. Predicted in-cylinder pressure and apparent heat release rate are
validated with experimental results. NO_x and Soot formations as a
result of combustion process are also investigated. Optimum level of NO_x
and Soot formation obtained with 8.5% EGR usage.

Keywords

Diesel Engine, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Exhaust Gas Recirculation, NOx, Soot

References

• [1] Patil, K. R., & Thipse, S. S. (2015). Experimental investigation of CI engine combustion, performance and emissions in DEE-kerosene-diesel blends of high DEE concentration. Energy Conversion and Management, 89, 396–408.
• [2] Rakopoulos, C. D., & Giakoumis, E. G. (2009). Diesel engine transient operation: Principles of operation and simulation analysis. Diesel Engine Transient Operation: Principles of Operation and Simulation Analysis.
• [3] Karimi, K. (2007). Characterisation of Multiple-Injection Diesel Sprays at Elevated Pressures and Temperatures. University of Brighton.
• [4] Merker, G. P., Schwarz, C., Stiesch, G., & Otto, F. (2005). Simulating combustion: simulation of combustion and pollutant formation for engine-development. Springer Science & Business Media.
• [5] Timoney, D. J., & Smith, W. J. (1996). Influences of Fuel Injection and Air Motion Energy Sources on Fuel-Air Mixing Rates in a D . I . Diesel Combustion System. Papers\SAE Papers\Diesel 1990-2002, (412).
• [6] Hong, Y. K., Lee, D. W., Ko, Y. C., Yinghua, L., Han, H. S., & Lee, K. Y. (2010). Passive NOxreduction with CO using Pd/TiO2/Al2O3+ WGSR catalysts under simulated post-euro IV diesel exhaust conditions. Catalysis Letters, 136(1–2), 106–115.
• [7] Innes, W. B. (1981). Effect of nitrogen oxide emissions on ozone levels in metropolitan regions. Environmental science & technology, 15(8), 904-912.
• [8] Mills, A., & Elouali, S. (2015). The nitric oxide ISO photocatalytic reactor system: Measurement of NOxremoval activity and capacity. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 305, 29–36.
• [9] Rakowski, I. S., & Eckert, I. P. (2012). Engine Combustion. In Combustion Engines Development (pp. 119-168). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
• [10] Liu, Y. (2003). Diesel engine modeling and optimization for emission reduction.
• [11] Fuchs, T. R., & Rutland, C. J. (1998). Intake flow effects on combustion and emissions in a diesel engine (No. 980508). SAE Technical Paper.
• [12] Miles, P. C. (2000). The influence of swirl on HSDI diesel combustion at moderate speed and load (No. 2000-01-1829). SAE Technical Paper.
• [13] Zellat M., Abouri D., Duranti S., (2007). Recent Advances in Diesel Combustion Modeling. 17th International Multidimensional Engine User’s meeting at the SAE Congress, Detroit.
• [14] Kurniawan, W. H., & Abdullah, S. (2008). Numerical analysis of the combustion process in a four-stroke compressed natural gas engine with direct injection system. Journal of mechanical science and technology, 22(10), 1937-1944.
• [15] FORTE Reaction Design (2014). Forte Theory Manual, pp. 11-14.
• [16] Heywood, J. B. (1988). Internal combustion engine fundamentals (Vol. 930). New York: Mcgraw-hill.
• [17] Singh, S., Reitz, R. D., & Musculus, M. P. (2006). Comparison of the characteristic time (CTC), representative interactive flamelet (RIF), and direct integration with detailed chemistry combustion models against optical diagnostic data for multi-mode combustion in a heavy-duty DI diesel engine (No. 2006-01-0055). SAE Technical Paper.
• [18] Combustion Models against Optical Diagnostic Data for Multi-Mode Combustion in a Heavy-Duty DI Diesel Engine (2006) SAE Paper No. 2006-01-055, Detroit, Michigan, April.
• [19] Munnannur, A. (2007). Droplet collision modeling in multi-dimensional engine spray computations (Vol. 68, No. 12).
• [20] Bari, S., Yu, C. W., & Lim, T. H. (2004). Effect of fuel injection timing with waste cooking oil as a fuel in a direct injection diesel engine. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 218(1), 93-104.
• [21] Karthik, T. S. D. (2011). Turbulence models and their applications. 10th Indo German Winter Academy, 1–52.
• [22] Lee, Y., & Huh, K. Y. (2014). Analysis of different modes of low temperature combustion by ultra-high EGR and modulated kinetics in a heavy duty diesel engine. Applied Thermal Engineering, 70(1), 776-787.
• [23] Pandian, M., Sivapirakasam, S. P., & Udayakumar, M. (2010). Investigations on emission characteristics of the pongamia biodiesel-diesel blend fuelled twin cylinder compression ignition direct injection engine using exhaust gas recirculation methodology and dimethyl carbonate as additive. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 2(4).
• [24] Güney H. (2014). Tier IV Emisyon Seviyesine Sahip Bir Dizel Motorun Hesaplamalı Akışkanlar Dinamiği ile Akış ve Yanma Analizi. (Graduate dissertation).
• [25] Yakhot, V., & Orszag, S. A. (1986). Renormalization group analysis of turbulence. I. Basic theory. Journal of scientific computing, 1(1), 3-51.
• [26] Hiroyasu, H., & Kadota, T. (1976). Models for combustion and formation of nitric oxide and soot in direct injection diesel engines (No. 760129). SAE Technical Paper.
• [27] Vishwanathan, G., & Reitz, R. D. (2008). Numerical predictions of diesel flame lift-off length and soot distributions under low temperature combustion conditions (No. 2008-01-1331). SAE Technical Paper.
• [28] Zhao, H., Peng, Z., Williams, J., & Ladommatos, N. (2001). Understanding the effects of recycled burnt gases on the controlled autoignition (CAI) combustion in four-stroke gasoline engines (No. 2001-01-3607). SAE Technical Paper.
• [29] Law, D., Allen, J., & Chen, R. (2002). On the mechanism of controlled auto ignition.
• [30] Law, D., Kemp, D., Allen, J., Kirkpatrick, G., & Copland, T. (2001). Controlled combustion in an IC-engine with a fully variable valve train (No. 2001-01-0251). SAE Technical Paper.
• [31] Kong, S. C., & Reitz, R. D. (2002). Use of detailed chemical kinetics to study HCCI engine combustion with consideration of turbulent mixing effects. Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power, 124(3), 702-707.
• [32] Colannino, J. (2006). Modeling of combustion systems: A practical approach. CRC Press.