THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENT-CARBON NANOTUBES (DES-CNT) BASED NANOLUBRICANT

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 2 - Issue Name: Special Issue 11: 10th Eureca Conference Taylor's University Malaysia, Subangiaya, Malaysia, 53 - 64, 30.03.2020

Rashmi Walvekar Amarpreet Singh Mohammad Khalid Tcsm Gupta Wai Yin Wong

https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.726059

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Lubrication is an important aspect when it comes to machinery and equipment in the industry where nanolubricants are extensively being explored as the future of lubricants. Nanolubricants are new-engineered fluids, which are dispersed with nanoparticles that aids in the interface movement by forming a protective layer hence reducing the wear and friction and dissipate the heat generated due to friction. In this research, a new synthetic lubricant is formulated by mixing two or more components of hydrogen bond donors and halide salt that achieves lower melting points compared to individual components. In this study, Glycerol and Polyethylene Glycol 600 (PEG) acts as the HBDs with common salt of Choline Chloride (ChCl). The nanolubricants were synthesised via two-step method by dispersing three different concentration of Functionalised Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes (F-MWCNTs) of 0.01 wt%, 0.05 wt% and 0.10 wt% with the aid of ultrasonication. The stability of the suspensions were studied via optical microscopy and visual observation. The addition of F-MWCNT increased the resultant dynamic viscosity of the nanolubricant whereas the density was not much affected. Besides that, thermal conductivity showed positive enhancement for glycerol DES nanolubricant and negative enhancement for PEG DES nanolubricant. Thus, this study concludes that the thermophysical properties of DES base fluids and MWCNT have potential to be used as lubricants due to its enhanced physical properties.

Keywords

Deep Eutectic Solvent, Carbon Nanotube, Nanolubricant, Viscosity, Thermal Conductivity

References

• [1] Mortier R, Fox M, and Orszulik S. Chemistry and technology of lubricants. Springer 2010; 53.
• [2] Stachowiak G W and Batchelor A W, Engineering tribology. 3rd ed. Elsevier, 2005.
• [3] Pirro D. Lubrication Fundamentals, in Comprehensive Review of Lubricant Chemistry, Technology, Selection, and Design 2001; 1-22.
• [4] Qu J, Luo H, Chi M, Ma C, Blau PJ, Dai S, and Viola MB. Comparison of an oil-miscible ionic liquid and ZDDP as a lubricant anti-wear additive. Tribology International 2014; 71:88–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2013.11.010
• [5] Khemchandani B, Somers A, Howlett P, Jaiswal K, Sayanna E, and Forsyth M. A biocompatible ionic liquid as an antiwear additive for biodegradable lubricants. Tribology International 2014; 77:171–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2014.04.016
• [6] Fan X, and Wang L. Ionic liquids gels with in situ modified multiwall carbon nanotubes towards high-performance lubricants. Tribiology International 2015; 88:179–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2015.03.026
• [7] Anand M, Hadfield M, Viesca JL, Thomas, Hernández Battez B, and Austen S. Ionic liquids as tribological performance improving additive for in-service and used fully-formulated diesel engine lubricants. Wear 2015; 334–335, 67–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2015.01.055
• [8] García A, González R, Hernández Battez, Viesca JL, Monge R, Fernández-González, and Hadfield M. Ionic liquids as a neat lubricant applied to steel-steel contacts. Tribology International 2014; 72:42–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2013.12.007
• [9] Kondo Y, Koyama T, and Sasaki S. Tribological Properties of Ionic Liquids, Ionic Liquids - New Aspects for the Future, Dr. Jun-ichi Kadokawa (Ed.), InTech 2013. https://doi.org/10.5772/52595,.
• [10] Pham MQ, Yoon HS, Khare V, and Ahn SH. Evaluation of ionic liquids as lubricants in micro milling - Process capability and sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production 2014; 76:167–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.04.055
• [11] Tang B, Zhang H, and Row KH.“Application of deep eutectic solvents in the extraction and separation of target compounds from various samples,” J. Sep. Sci 2015; 38:1053–1064. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201401347
• [12] Wu YY, Tsui WC, and Liu TC. “Experimental analysis of tribological properties of lubricating oils with nanoparticle additives,” Wear 2007; 256:7–8:819–825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2006.08.021
• [13] Luo T, Wei X, Zhao H, Cai G, and Zheng X. “Tribology properties of Al2O3/TiO2 nanocomposites as lubricant additives,” Ceram. Int 2014; 40:7:10103–10109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.03.181
• [14] Lee K, Hwang Y, Cheong S, Kwon L, Kim S, and Lee J. “Performance evaluation of nano-lubricants of fullerene nanoparticles in refrigeration mineral oil,” Curr. Appl. Phys 2009; 9:2:128–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2008.12.054
• [15] Ko G. W, Heo K, Lee K, & Choi M. Thermal and Flow Characteristics of Carbon Nanotube Nanofluids. International Congress for Particle Technology 2007; 151-742.
• [16] Joly-Pottuz L, and Ohmae, N. Carbon-Based Nanolubricants, in Nanolubricants (eds J. M. Martin and N. Ohmae), John Wiley & Sons; 2008.
• [17] Luo T, Wei X, Zhao H, Cai G, & Zheng X. Tribology properties of Al2O3/TiO2 nanocomposites as lubricant additives. Ceramics International 2014; 40(7): 10103–10109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.03.181
• [18] Rashmi W, Khalid M, Ong SS, and Saidur R. “Preparation, thermo-physical properties and heat transfer enhancement of nanofluids,” Mater. Res. Express 2014; 1(3):32001. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/1/3/032001
• [19] Smith EL, Abbott AP, and Ryder KS. “Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) and Their Applications,” Chem. Rev 2014; 114 (21):11060–11082. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr300162p
• [20] Dai Y, Van Spronsen J, Witkamp G. J, Verpoorte R, and Choi Y. H. “Ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents in natural products research: Mixtures of solids as extraction solvents,” J. Nat. Prod 2013; 76(11): 2162–2173. https://doi.org/10.1021/np400051w
• [21] Garcia G, Aparicio S, Ullah R, and Atilhan M. “Deep Eutectic Solvents: Physicochemical Properties and Gas Separation Applications,” Energy & Fuels 2015; 29:2616–2644. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef5028873
• [22] Lamas B, Abreu B, Fonseca A, Martins N, and Oliveira M. “Assessing colloidal stability of long term MWCNT based nanofluids,” J. Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 381(1):17–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2012.05.014
• [23] Leron RB, Wong DSH, and Li MH. “Densities of a deep eutectic solvent based on choline chloride and glycerol and its aqueous mixtures at elevated pressures,” Fluid Phase Equilib 2012; 335:32–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fluid.2012.08.016
• [24] Kumaresan V and Velraj R. “Experimental investigation of the thermo-physical properties of water-ethylene glycol mixture based CNT nanofluids,” Thermochim. Acta 2012; 545:180–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2012.07.017
• [25] Fakoor Pakdaman M, Akhavan-Behabadi MA, and Razi P. “An experimental investigation on thermo-physical properties and overall performance of MWCNT/heat transfer oil nanofluid flow inside vertical helically coiled tubes,” Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci 2012; 40:103–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2012.02.005
• [26] Chen L, Xie H, Yu W, and Li Y. “Rheological Behaviors of Nanofluids Containing Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube,” J. Dispers. Sci. Technol 2011; 32(4):550–554. https://doi.org/10.1080/01932691003757223
• [27] Halelfadl S, Estell P, Aladag B, Doner N, Mar T, Halelfadl S, Estell P, Aladag B, Doner N, and Mar T. “Viscosity of carbon nanotubes water based nanofluids : Influence of concentration and temperature. International Journal of Thermal Sciences 2013; 71:111-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2013.04.013
• [28] Halelfadl S, Maré T, and Estellé P. “Efficiency of carbon nanotubes water based nanofluids as coolants,” Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci 2014; 53:104–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2013.11.010
• [29] Ding Y, Alias H, Wen D, and Williams Ra. “Heat transfer of aqueous suspensions of carbon nanotubes (CNT nanofluids),” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf 2006; 49(1–2):240–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.07.009
• [30] Phuoc TX, Massoudi M, and Chen RH. “Viscosity and thermal conductivity of nanofluids containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes stabilized by chitosan,” Int. J. Therm. Sci 2011; 50(1):12–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2010.09.008
• [31] Liu MS, Ching-Cheng Lin M, Huang IT, and Wang CC. “Enhancement of thermal conductivity with carbon nanotube for nanofluids,” Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf 2005; 32(9):1202–1210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2005.05.005
• [32] Reddy KP, Panitapu B, and Reddy GA. “Nano Fluids and Heat Transfer Enhancement a Review,” 2016; 7:6.