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Enhancement in thermal and electrical characteristics of solar photovoltaic module through a direct contact water jacketed cooling system

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 360 - 374, 22.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.1448632

Abstract

Renewable energy resources are vital for addressing the universal concerns of air quality, energy security, and sustainable development. Solar energy has several benefits over other popular renewable energy sources, such as its accessibility and increased predictability. The device used for conversion of solar energy to electrical energy is known as photovoltaic panel, which is highly sensitive to the temperature. A significant reduction in efficiency is observed with an increment in temperature hence cooling of photovoltaic panel is highly desirable. Among the different cooling techniques, water cooling is attractive and widely used due to its good thermal properties and availability. Generally, panel cooling through water circulation in tubing is explored in past, however, these tubing structures are having some limitations such as heat transfer barrier, limited surface area, leakage issues, clogging and cost of material. These issues can be partially resolved by using direct contact water jacket cooling system. Therefore, the present study focuses on in enhancing the thermal and electrical characteristics of the solar photovoltaic module through a direct contact water jacketed cooling system.
Initially, a 3D numerical model is developed and the outcome of the numerical model is compared with the experimental work. The results obtained are found in good agreement for solar cell temperature and water outlet temperature. The solar panel performance is investigated with different flow rates such as 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 and 1 cm/s. The direct contact water jacketed cooling system offers simplicity, light weight and cost effectiveness and is found promising over the indirect system. Temperature reduction up to 20 °C is observed over uncooled PV panel whereas enhancement in electrical efficiency up to 9.6 % is observed. The cooled PV solar cell maintain 40.2% low temperature compare to uncooled solar cell temperature.

References

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  • [6] Rachid A, Goren A, Becerra V, Radulovic J, Khanna S. Fundamentals of solar energy. In: Rachid A, Goren A, Becerra V, Radulovic J, Khanna S. Solar Energy Engineering and Applications. New York: Springer International Publishing; 2023. pp. 1–15. [CrossRef]
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  • [10] Chander S, Purohit A, Sharma A, Nehra SP, Dhaka MS. A study on photovoltaic parameters of mono-crystalline silicon solar cell with cell temperature. Energy Rep 2015;1:104–109. [CrossRef]
  • [11] Said SA, Hassan G, Walwil HM, Al-Aqeeli N. The effect of environmental factors and dust accumulation on photovoltaic modules and dust-accumulation mitigation strategies. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2018;82:743–760. [CrossRef]
  • [12] Dwivedi P, Sudhakar K, Soni A, Solomin E, Kirpichnikova I. Advanced cooling techniques of PV modules: A state of art. Case Stud Therm Engineer 2020;21:100674. [CrossRef]
  • [13] Ciulla G, Lo Brano V, Franzitta V, Trapanese M. Assessment of the operating temperature of crystalline PV modules based on real use conditions. Int J Photoenergy 2014:718315. [CrossRef]
  • [14] Noxpanco MG, Wilkins J, Riffat S. A review of the recent development of photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems and their applications. Future Cities Environ 2020;6:1–16. [CrossRef]
  • [15] Vaishak S, Bhale PV. Investigation on the effect of different backsheet materials on performance characteristics of a photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system. Renew Energy 2021;168:160–169. [CrossRef]
  • [16] Yuan Y, Hassan A, Zhou J, Zeng C, Yu M, Emmanuel B. Experimental and numerical investigation on a solar direct-expansion heat pump system employing PV/T & solar thermal collector as evaporator. Energy 2022;254:124312. [CrossRef]
  • [17] Rajvikram M, Leoponraj S, Ramkumar S, Akshaya H, Dheeraj A. Experimental investigation on the abasement of operating temperature in solar photovoltaic panel using PCM and aluminium. Solar Energy 2020;188:327–338. [CrossRef]
  • [18] Preet S, Bhushan B, Mahajan T. Experimental investigation of water based photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system with and without phase change material (PCM). Solar Energy 2017;155:1104–1112. [CrossRef]
  • [19] Vaishak S, Bhale PV. Photovoltaic/thermal-solar assisted heat pump system: Current status and future prospects. Solar Energy 2019;189:268–284. [CrossRef]
  • [20] Zhou J, Ke H, Deng X. Experimental and CFD investigation on temperature distribution of a serpentine tube type photovoltaic/thermal collector. Solar Energy 2018;174:735–742. [CrossRef]
  • [21] Karthikeyan V, Sirisamphanwong C, Sukchai S, Sahoo SK, Wongwuttanasatian T. Reducing PV module temperature with radiation based PV module incorporating composite phase change material. J Energy Storage 2020;29:101346. [CrossRef]
  • [22] Pang W, Cui Y, Zhang Q, Yu H, Zhang L, Yan H. Experimental effect of high mass flow rate and volume cooling on performance of a water-type PV/T collector. Solar Energy 2019;188:1360–1368. [CrossRef]
  • [23] Hachicha AA, Abo-Zahhad EM, Said Z, Rahman SMA. Numerical and experimental investigations of the electrical and thermal performances of a novel PV thermal system. Renewable Energy 2022;195:990–1000. [CrossRef]
  • [24] Vaishak S, Bhale PV. Effect of dust deposition on performance characteristics of a refrigerant based photovoltaic/thermal system. Sustain Energy Technol Assess 2019;36:100548. [CrossRef]
  • [25] Hachicha AA, Al-Sawafta I, Said Z. Impact of dust on the performance of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems under United Arab Emirates weather conditions. Renewable Energ 2019;141:287–297. [CrossRef]
  • [26] Solanki SC, Dubey S, Tiwari A. Indoor simulation and testing of photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) air collectors. Appl Energy 2009;86:24212428. [CrossRef]
  • [27] Valeh-e-Sheyda P, Rahimi M, Parsamoghadam A, Masahi MM. Using a wind-driven ventilator to enhance a photovoltaic cell power generation. Energy Buildings 2014;73:115–119. [CrossRef]
  • [28] Teo HG, Lee PS, Hawlader MNA. An active cooling system for photovoltaic modules. Appl Energy 2012;90:309–315. [CrossRef]
  • [29] Esfe MH, Kamyab MH, Valadkhani M. Application of nanofluids and fluids in photovoltaic thermal system: An updated review. Solar Energy 2020;199:796–818. [CrossRef]
  • [30] Bahaidarah H, Subhan A, Gandhidasan P, Rehman S. Performance evaluation of a PV (photovoltaic) module by back surface water cooling for hot climatic conditions. Energy 2013;59:445–453. [CrossRef]
  • [31] Hussein HA, Numan AH, Abdulmunem AR. Improving of the photovoltaic/thermal system performance using water cooling technique. Mater Sci Eng 2015;78:1–9. [CrossRef]
  • [32] Deng Y, Quan Z, Zhao Y, Wang L, Liu Z. Experimental research on the performance of household-type photovoltaic-thermal system based on microheat pipe array in Beijing. Energy Convers Manage 2015;106:1039–1047. [CrossRef]
  • [33] Nizetic S, Coko D, Yadav A, Cabo FG. Water spray cooling technique applied on a photovoltaic panel: The performance response. Energy Convers Manage 2016;108:287–296. [CrossRef]
  • [34] Chow TT, He W, Ji J. Hybrid photovoltaic-thermosyphon water heating system for residential application. Solar Energy 2016;80:298–306. [CrossRef]
  • [35] Yazdanifard F, Bajestan EE, Ameri M. Investigating the performance of a water-based photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) collector in laminar and turbulent flow regime Renew Energy 2016;99:295–306. [CrossRef]
  • [36] Fudholi A, Sopian K, Yazdi MH, Ruslan MH, Ibrahim A, Kazem HA. Performance analysis of photovoltaic thermal (PVT) water collectors. Energy Conver Manage 2014;78:641–651. [CrossRef]
  • [37] Fakouriyan S, Saboohi Y, Fathi A. Experimental analysis of a cooling system effect on photovoltaic panels' efficiency and its preheating water production. Renewable Energy 2019;134:13621368. [CrossRef]
  • [38] Smith MK, Selbak H, Wamser CC, Day NU, Krieske M, Sailor DJ, et al. Water cooling method to improve the performance of field-mounted, insulated, and concentrating photovoltaic modules. J Sol Energy Engineer 2014;136:034503. [CrossRef]
  • [39] Vaishak S, Bhale PV. Performance analysis of a heat pump-based photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system. Clean Technol Environ Pol 2021;23:11211133. [CrossRef]
  • [40] Zhou C, Liang R, Zhang J, Riaz A. Experimental study on the cogeneration performance of roll-bond-PVT heat pump system with single stage compression during summer. Appl Therm Engineer 2019;149:249261. [CrossRef]
  • [41] Tiwari A, Sodha MS, Chandra A, Joshi JC. Performance evaluation of photovoltaic thermal solar air collector for composite climate of India. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 2006;90:175189. [CrossRef]
  • [42] Patankar SV, Spalding DB. A calculation procedure for heat, mass and momentum transfer in three-dimensional parabolic flows. Numer Pred Flow Heat Transf Turb Combust 1983:5473. [CrossRef]
  • [43] Tiwari GN, Tiwari A. Handbook of Solar Energy: Theory, Analysis and Applications. New York: Springer; 2016. [CrossRef]
Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 360 - 374, 22.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.1448632

Abstract

References

  • [1] Bolaji BO, Huan Z. Ozone depletion and global warming: Case for the use of natural refrigerant–a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2013;18:49–54. [CrossRef]
  • [2] Allouhi A, Rehman S, Buker MS, Said Z. Up-to-date literature review on Solar PV systems: Technology progress, market status and R&D. J Clean Product 2022;362:132339. [CrossRef]
  • [3] Demirbas A. Hazardous emissions, global climate change and environmental precautions. Energy Sources Part B: Econ Plan Pol 2006;1:75–84. [CrossRef]
  • [4] Würfel U, Neher D, Spies A, Albrecht S. Impact of charge transport on current–voltage characteristics and power-conversion efficiency of organic solar cells. Nature Comm 2015;6:1–9. [CrossRef]
  • [5] Fahrenbruch A, Bube R. Fundamentals of solar cells (Photovoltaic solar energy conversion). J Sol Energy Eng 1984;106:497–498. [CrossRef]
  • [6] Rachid A, Goren A, Becerra V, Radulovic J, Khanna S. Fundamentals of solar energy. In: Rachid A, Goren A, Becerra V, Radulovic J, Khanna S. Solar Energy Engineering and Applications. New York: Springer International Publishing; 2023. pp. 1–15. [CrossRef]
  • [7] Panwar NL, Kaushik SC, Kothari S. Role of renewable energy sources in environmental protection: A review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2011;15:1513–1524. [CrossRef]
  • [8] Amelia AR, Irwan YM, Leow WZ, Irwanto M, Safwati I, Zhafarina M. Investigation of the effect temperature on photovoltaic (PV) panel output performance. Int J Adv Sci Eng Inf Technol 2016;6:682–688. [CrossRef]
  • [9] He Z, Zhong C, Huang X, Wong WY, Wu H, Chen L, et al. Simultaneous enhancement of open‐circuit voltage, short‐circuit current density, and fill factor in polymer solar cells. Adv Mater 2011;23:4636–4643. [CrossRef]
  • [10] Chander S, Purohit A, Sharma A, Nehra SP, Dhaka MS. A study on photovoltaic parameters of mono-crystalline silicon solar cell with cell temperature. Energy Rep 2015;1:104–109. [CrossRef]
  • [11] Said SA, Hassan G, Walwil HM, Al-Aqeeli N. The effect of environmental factors and dust accumulation on photovoltaic modules and dust-accumulation mitigation strategies. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2018;82:743–760. [CrossRef]
  • [12] Dwivedi P, Sudhakar K, Soni A, Solomin E, Kirpichnikova I. Advanced cooling techniques of PV modules: A state of art. Case Stud Therm Engineer 2020;21:100674. [CrossRef]
  • [13] Ciulla G, Lo Brano V, Franzitta V, Trapanese M. Assessment of the operating temperature of crystalline PV modules based on real use conditions. Int J Photoenergy 2014:718315. [CrossRef]
  • [14] Noxpanco MG, Wilkins J, Riffat S. A review of the recent development of photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems and their applications. Future Cities Environ 2020;6:1–16. [CrossRef]
  • [15] Vaishak S, Bhale PV. Investigation on the effect of different backsheet materials on performance characteristics of a photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system. Renew Energy 2021;168:160–169. [CrossRef]
  • [16] Yuan Y, Hassan A, Zhou J, Zeng C, Yu M, Emmanuel B. Experimental and numerical investigation on a solar direct-expansion heat pump system employing PV/T & solar thermal collector as evaporator. Energy 2022;254:124312. [CrossRef]
  • [17] Rajvikram M, Leoponraj S, Ramkumar S, Akshaya H, Dheeraj A. Experimental investigation on the abasement of operating temperature in solar photovoltaic panel using PCM and aluminium. Solar Energy 2020;188:327–338. [CrossRef]
  • [18] Preet S, Bhushan B, Mahajan T. Experimental investigation of water based photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system with and without phase change material (PCM). Solar Energy 2017;155:1104–1112. [CrossRef]
  • [19] Vaishak S, Bhale PV. Photovoltaic/thermal-solar assisted heat pump system: Current status and future prospects. Solar Energy 2019;189:268–284. [CrossRef]
  • [20] Zhou J, Ke H, Deng X. Experimental and CFD investigation on temperature distribution of a serpentine tube type photovoltaic/thermal collector. Solar Energy 2018;174:735–742. [CrossRef]
  • [21] Karthikeyan V, Sirisamphanwong C, Sukchai S, Sahoo SK, Wongwuttanasatian T. Reducing PV module temperature with radiation based PV module incorporating composite phase change material. J Energy Storage 2020;29:101346. [CrossRef]
  • [22] Pang W, Cui Y, Zhang Q, Yu H, Zhang L, Yan H. Experimental effect of high mass flow rate and volume cooling on performance of a water-type PV/T collector. Solar Energy 2019;188:1360–1368. [CrossRef]
  • [23] Hachicha AA, Abo-Zahhad EM, Said Z, Rahman SMA. Numerical and experimental investigations of the electrical and thermal performances of a novel PV thermal system. Renewable Energy 2022;195:990–1000. [CrossRef]
  • [24] Vaishak S, Bhale PV. Effect of dust deposition on performance characteristics of a refrigerant based photovoltaic/thermal system. Sustain Energy Technol Assess 2019;36:100548. [CrossRef]
  • [25] Hachicha AA, Al-Sawafta I, Said Z. Impact of dust on the performance of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems under United Arab Emirates weather conditions. Renewable Energ 2019;141:287–297. [CrossRef]
  • [26] Solanki SC, Dubey S, Tiwari A. Indoor simulation and testing of photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) air collectors. Appl Energy 2009;86:24212428. [CrossRef]
  • [27] Valeh-e-Sheyda P, Rahimi M, Parsamoghadam A, Masahi MM. Using a wind-driven ventilator to enhance a photovoltaic cell power generation. Energy Buildings 2014;73:115–119. [CrossRef]
  • [28] Teo HG, Lee PS, Hawlader MNA. An active cooling system for photovoltaic modules. Appl Energy 2012;90:309–315. [CrossRef]
  • [29] Esfe MH, Kamyab MH, Valadkhani M. Application of nanofluids and fluids in photovoltaic thermal system: An updated review. Solar Energy 2020;199:796–818. [CrossRef]
  • [30] Bahaidarah H, Subhan A, Gandhidasan P, Rehman S. Performance evaluation of a PV (photovoltaic) module by back surface water cooling for hot climatic conditions. Energy 2013;59:445–453. [CrossRef]
  • [31] Hussein HA, Numan AH, Abdulmunem AR. Improving of the photovoltaic/thermal system performance using water cooling technique. Mater Sci Eng 2015;78:1–9. [CrossRef]
  • [32] Deng Y, Quan Z, Zhao Y, Wang L, Liu Z. Experimental research on the performance of household-type photovoltaic-thermal system based on microheat pipe array in Beijing. Energy Convers Manage 2015;106:1039–1047. [CrossRef]
  • [33] Nizetic S, Coko D, Yadav A, Cabo FG. Water spray cooling technique applied on a photovoltaic panel: The performance response. Energy Convers Manage 2016;108:287–296. [CrossRef]
  • [34] Chow TT, He W, Ji J. Hybrid photovoltaic-thermosyphon water heating system for residential application. Solar Energy 2016;80:298–306. [CrossRef]
  • [35] Yazdanifard F, Bajestan EE, Ameri M. Investigating the performance of a water-based photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) collector in laminar and turbulent flow regime Renew Energy 2016;99:295–306. [CrossRef]
  • [36] Fudholi A, Sopian K, Yazdi MH, Ruslan MH, Ibrahim A, Kazem HA. Performance analysis of photovoltaic thermal (PVT) water collectors. Energy Conver Manage 2014;78:641–651. [CrossRef]
  • [37] Fakouriyan S, Saboohi Y, Fathi A. Experimental analysis of a cooling system effect on photovoltaic panels' efficiency and its preheating water production. Renewable Energy 2019;134:13621368. [CrossRef]
  • [38] Smith MK, Selbak H, Wamser CC, Day NU, Krieske M, Sailor DJ, et al. Water cooling method to improve the performance of field-mounted, insulated, and concentrating photovoltaic modules. J Sol Energy Engineer 2014;136:034503. [CrossRef]
  • [39] Vaishak S, Bhale PV. Performance analysis of a heat pump-based photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system. Clean Technol Environ Pol 2021;23:11211133. [CrossRef]
  • [40] Zhou C, Liang R, Zhang J, Riaz A. Experimental study on the cogeneration performance of roll-bond-PVT heat pump system with single stage compression during summer. Appl Therm Engineer 2019;149:249261. [CrossRef]
  • [41] Tiwari A, Sodha MS, Chandra A, Joshi JC. Performance evaluation of photovoltaic thermal solar air collector for composite climate of India. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 2006;90:175189. [CrossRef]
  • [42] Patankar SV, Spalding DB. A calculation procedure for heat, mass and momentum transfer in three-dimensional parabolic flows. Numer Pred Flow Heat Transf Turb Combust 1983:5473. [CrossRef]
  • [43] Tiwari GN, Tiwari A. Handbook of Solar Energy: Theory, Analysis and Applications. New York: Springer; 2016. [CrossRef]
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Deepak Kumar Sharma 0000-0003-2420-5978

Manish K. Rathod This is me 0000-0002-9108-9818

Purnanand V. Bhale This is me 0000-0003-2051-8483

Publication Date March 22, 2024
Submission Date January 7, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Sharma, D. K., Rathod, M. K., & Bhale, P. V. (2024). Enhancement in thermal and electrical characteristics of solar photovoltaic module through a direct contact water jacketed cooling system. Journal of Thermal Engineering, 10(2), 360-374. https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.1448632
AMA Sharma DK, Rathod MK, Bhale PV. Enhancement in thermal and electrical characteristics of solar photovoltaic module through a direct contact water jacketed cooling system. Journal of Thermal Engineering. March 2024;10(2):360-374. doi:10.18186/thermal.1448632
Chicago Sharma, Deepak Kumar, Manish K. Rathod, and Purnanand V. Bhale. “Enhancement in Thermal and Electrical Characteristics of Solar Photovoltaic Module through a Direct Contact Water Jacketed Cooling System”. Journal of Thermal Engineering 10, no. 2 (March 2024): 360-74. https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.1448632.
EndNote Sharma DK, Rathod MK, Bhale PV (March 1, 2024) Enhancement in thermal and electrical characteristics of solar photovoltaic module through a direct contact water jacketed cooling system. Journal of Thermal Engineering 10 2 360–374.
IEEE D. K. Sharma, M. K. Rathod, and P. V. Bhale, “Enhancement in thermal and electrical characteristics of solar photovoltaic module through a direct contact water jacketed cooling system”, Journal of Thermal Engineering, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 360–374, 2024, doi: 10.18186/thermal.1448632.
ISNAD Sharma, Deepak Kumar et al. “Enhancement in Thermal and Electrical Characteristics of Solar Photovoltaic Module through a Direct Contact Water Jacketed Cooling System”. Journal of Thermal Engineering 10/2 (March 2024), 360-374. https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.1448632.
JAMA Sharma DK, Rathod MK, Bhale PV. Enhancement in thermal and electrical characteristics of solar photovoltaic module through a direct contact water jacketed cooling system. Journal of Thermal Engineering. 2024;10:360–374.
MLA Sharma, Deepak Kumar et al. “Enhancement in Thermal and Electrical Characteristics of Solar Photovoltaic Module through a Direct Contact Water Jacketed Cooling System”. Journal of Thermal Engineering, vol. 10, no. 2, 2024, pp. 360-74, doi:10.18186/thermal.1448632.
Vancouver Sharma DK, Rathod MK, Bhale PV. Enhancement in thermal and electrical characteristics of solar photovoltaic module through a direct contact water jacketed cooling system. Journal of Thermal Engineering. 2024;10(2):360-74.

IMPORTANT NOTE: JOURNAL SUBMISSION LINK http://eds.yildiz.edu.tr/journal-of-thermal-engineering