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MEME KANSERİNE BİTKİSEL TEDAVİ YÖNTEMİ: MOMORDİCA CHARANTİA'NIN ANTİTÜMÖR ETKİSİ

Year 2024, , 144 - 155, 26.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.55071/ticaretfbd.1356139

Abstract

Kanserde mevcut tedavi yöntemlerinin yan etkilerinden korunmak için bitki bazlı tedavi yaklaşımları ve bitkisel ilaçların kullanımı günümüzde dikkat çekmektedir. Literatüre göre acı kavun ekstraktı hormonal yolları etkileyerek kansere karşı sitotoksik etki göstermektedir. Bu nedenle bu araştırmada acı kavun ekstraktının farklı konsantrasyonlarda ilaç kombinasyonu ile farklı hücre hatlarına (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, RAW 264.7, J774) karşı etkileri araştırıldı. Hem hormon pozitif hem de negatif meme kanseri hücre hatları kullanıldı ve elde edilen veriler literatürle karşılaştırıldı. Sonuç olarak; Acı kavun ekstraktına maruz bırakıldığında, hormon pozitif meme kanseri hücre dizisi MCF-7, üçlü hormon negatif meme kanseri hücre dizisi MDA-MBA-231 ile karşılaştırıldığında daha fazla sitotoksik etki sergiler. Kudret narı ekstraktı ile birlikte kullanılan ilaçların kombinasyonu için en yüksek sitotoksisite Tamoksifen ile gözlendi.

References

  • Akihisa, T., Higo, N., Tokuda, H., Ukiya, M., Akazawa, H., Tochigi, Y., ... & Nishino, H. (2007). Cucurbitane-type triterpenoids from the fruits of Momordica charantia and their cancer chemopreventive effects. Journal of natural products, 70(8), 1233-1239.
  • Alkabban, F. M., & Ferguson, T. (2022). Breast cancer. Updated 7 August 2021. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.
  • Amaria, R. N., Reuben, A., Cooper, Z. A., & Wargo, J. A. (2015). Update on use of aldesleukin for treatment of high-risk metastatic melanoma. ImmunoTargets and therapy, 4, 79.
  • Bortolotti, M., Mercatelli, D., & Polito, L. (2019). Momordica charantia, a nutraceutical approach for inflammatory related diseases. Frontiers in pharmacology, 10, 486.
  • Budrat, P., & Shotipruk, A. (2008). Extraction of phenolic compounds from fruits of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) with subcritical water extraction and antioxidant activities of these extracts. Chiang Mai J Sci, 35(1), 123-130.
  • Cheng, Z., Zhang, Z., Han, Y., Wang, J., Wang, Y., Chen, X., ... & Wu, Z. (2020). A review on anti-cancer effect of green tea catechins. Journal of functional foods, 74, 104172.
  • De Martino, L., Martinot, J. L. S., Franceschelli, S., Leone, A., Pizza, C., & De Feo, V. (2006). Proapoptotic effect of Uncaria tomentosa extracts. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 107(1), 91-94.
  • De Paula, L. C. L., Fonseca, F., Perazzo, F., Cruz, F. M., Cubero, D., Trufelli, D. C., ... & Del Giglio, A. (2015). Uncaria tomentosa (cat's claw) improves quality of life in patients with advanced solid tumors. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 21(1), 22-30.
  • Debela, D. T., Muzazu, S. G., Heraro, K. D., Ndalama, M. T., Mesele, B. W., Haile, D. C., ... & Manyazewal, T. (2021). New approaches and procedures for cancer treatment: Current perspectives. SAGE open medicine, 9, 20503121211034366.
  • Deshmukh, S. R., Dhas, Y. K., & Patil, B. A. (2014). Comparative account on medicinal importance of Momordica charantia and its endophytes. World J Pharm Res, 3, 632-40.
  • Flegkas, A., Milosević Ifantis, T., Barda, C., Samara, P., Tsitsilonis, O., & Skaltsa, H. (2019). Antiproliferative activity of (-)-rabdosiin isolated from Ocimum sanctum L. Medicines, 6(1), 37.
  • Fongmoon, D. (2013). Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.) Extract Cultured in Lampang Thailand. NU. International Journal of Science, 10(2), 18-25.
  • Gallet, M., Sévenet, N., Dupont, C., Brazier, M., & Kamel, S. (2004). Breast cancer cell line MDA-MB 231 exerts a potent and direct anti-apoptotic effect on mature osteoclasts. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 319(2), 690-696.
  • Ghasemi, M., Turnbull, T., Sebastian, S., & Kempson, I. (2021). The MTT assay: utility, limitations, pitfalls, and interpretation in bulk and single-cell analysis. International journal of molecular sciences, 22(23), 12827.
  • Güneş, H., Alper, M., & Çelikoğlu, N. (2019). Anticancer effect of the fruit and seed extracts of Momordica charantia L.(Cucurbitaceae) on human cancer cell lines. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 18(10), 2057-2065.
  • Ibrahim, M. I., Wafaa, D. M., & El Nady, G. H. (2022). Ginger Extract as Potent Anti-Cancer Agent against Breast Cancer. Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Biotechnology, 13(12), 139-143.
  • Ihlamur, M., Başari, H., Zengin, Y., & Abamor, E. Ş. (2022). Evaluation Of Immunostimulant/Cytotoxic Activity Of Human Breast Cancer Prepared By Different Antigen Preparation Methods With Adjuvants Combination. Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Arts and Science Journal of Science, 17(1), 96-110.
  • Ihlamur, M., Akgül, B., Zengin, Y., Korkut, Ş. V., Kelleci, K., & Abamor, E. Ş. (2024a). The mTOR Signaling pathway and mTOR Inhibitors in cancer: Next-generation inhibitors and approaches. Current Molecular Medicine.
  • Ihlamur, M., Kelleci, K., Zengin, Y., Allahverdiyev, M. A., & Abamor, E. Ŧ. (2024b). Applications of Exosome Vesicles in Different Cancer Types as Biomarkers. Current Molecular Medicine, 24(3), 281-297.
  • Kelleci, K. (2023). İn vitro Anticarcinogenic, Antiparasitic and Antimicrobial Effects of P. granatum Extract. Biology Bulletin Reviews, 13(Suppl 3), S264-S269.
  • Kobori, M., Ohnishi-Kameyama, M., Akimoto, Y., Yukizaki, C., & Yoshida, M. (2008). α-Eleostearic acid and its dihydroxy derivative are major apoptosis-inducing components of bitter gourd. Journal of Agricultural and food chemistry, 56(22), 10515-10520.
  • Kwatra, D., Venugopal, A., Standing, D., Ponnurangam, S., Dhar, A., Mitra, A., & Anant, S. (2013). Bitter melon extracts enhance the activity of chemotherapeutic agents through the modulation of multiple drug resistance. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 102(12), 4444-4454.
  • Mir, M. A., Sawhney, S. S., & Jassal, M. M. S. (2013). Qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytochemicals of Taraxacum officinale. Wudpecker Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmocology, 2(1), 1-5.
  • Pilarski, R., Filip, B., Wietrzyk, J., Kuraś, M., & Gulewicz, K. (2010). Anticancer activity of the Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC. preparations with different oxindole alkaloid composition. Phytomedicine, 17(14), 1133-1139.
  • Raina, K., Kumar, D., & Agarwal, R. (2016, October). Promise of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) bioactives in cancer prevention and therapy. In Seminars in cancer biology (Vol. 40, pp. 116-129). Academic Press.
  • Ray, R. B., Raychoudhuri, A., Steele, R., & Nerurkar, P. (2010). Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) extract inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation by modulating cell cycle regulatory genes and promotes apoptosis. Cancer Research, 70(5), 1925-1931.
  • Riva, L., Coradini, D., Di Fronzo, G., De Feo, V., De Tommasi, N., De Simone, F., & Pizza, C. (2001). The antiproliferative effects of Uncaria tomentosa extracts and fractions on the growth of breast cancer cell line. Anticancer Research, 21(4A), 2457-2461.
  • Ru, P., Steele, R., Nerurkar, P. V., Phillips, N., & Ray, R. B. (2011). Bitter melon extract impairs prostate cancer cell-cycle progression and delays prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in TRAMP model. Cancer prevention research, 4(12), 2122-2130.
  • Shareef, M., Ashraf, M. A., & Sarfraz, M. (2016). Natural cures for breast cancer treatment. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 24(3), 233-240.
  • Shobha, C. R., Vishwanath, P., Suma, M. N., Prashant, A., Rangaswamy, C., & Gowdappa, B. H. (2015). İn vitro anti-cancer activity of ethanolic extract of Momordica charantia on cervical and breast cancer cell lines. Int J Health Allied Sci, 4(4), 210-210.
  • Sigstedt, S. C., Hooten, C. J., Callewaert, M. C., Jenkins, A. R., Romero, A. E., Pullin, M. J., ... & Steelant, W. F. (2008). Evaluation of aqueous extracts of Taraxacum officinale on growth and invasion of breast and prostate cancer cells. International Journal of Oncology, 32(5), 1085-1090.
  • Sultana, B., Anwar, F., & Ashraf, M. (2009). Effect of extraction solvent/technique on the antioxidant activity of selected medicinal plant extracts. Molecules, 14(6), 2167-2180.
  • Sur, S., & Ray, R. B. (2020). Bitter melon (Momordica charantia), a nutraceutical approach for cancer prevention and therapy. Cancers, 12(8), 2064.
  • Wang, S., Tang, L., & Chen, F. (2015). Astragaloside III from Astragalus membranaceus antagonizes breast cancer growth. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 12(3), 183-186.
  • Weng, J. R., Bai, L. Y., Chiu, C. F., Hu, J. L., Chiu, S. J., & Wu, C. Y. (2013). Cucurbitane triterpenoid from Momordica charantia induces apoptosis and autophagy in breast cancer cells, in part, through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activation. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013.
  • Zengin, Y., Ihlamur, M., & Başarı, H. (2022). Immunostimulant/cytotoxic effect of cardamom extract with adjuvant combination on breast cancer cell line. Bayburt Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 229-234.
  • Zhou, R., Chen, H., Chen, J., Chen, X., Wen, Y., & Xu, L. (2018). Extract from Astragalus membranaceus inhibit breast cancer cells proliferation via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 18, 1-8.

A HERBAL TREATMENT METHOD FOR BREAST CANCER: ANTITUMOR EFFECT OF MOMORDICA CHARANTIA

Year 2024, , 144 - 155, 26.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.55071/ticaretfbd.1356139

Abstract

Using plant-based treatment approaches and herbal medicines is getting attention these days to avoid the side effects of the current treatment methods for cancer. According to the literature, bitter melon extract exhibits cytotoxic effects against cancer by affecting the hormonal pathways. Therefore, in this research, the effects of the bitter melon extract with its combination of different concentrations of drugs were investigated against different cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, RAW 264.7, J774). Both hormone-positive and negative breast cancer cell lines were used and the obtained data were compared with the literature. As a result, when exposed to bitter melon extract, the hormone-positive breast cancer cell line MCF-7 exhibits more cytotoxic effects compared to the triple hormone-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MBA-231. For the combination of drugs along with the bitter melon extract; the highest cytotoxicity was observed with Tamoxifen.

References

  • Akihisa, T., Higo, N., Tokuda, H., Ukiya, M., Akazawa, H., Tochigi, Y., ... & Nishino, H. (2007). Cucurbitane-type triterpenoids from the fruits of Momordica charantia and their cancer chemopreventive effects. Journal of natural products, 70(8), 1233-1239.
  • Alkabban, F. M., & Ferguson, T. (2022). Breast cancer. Updated 7 August 2021. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.
  • Amaria, R. N., Reuben, A., Cooper, Z. A., & Wargo, J. A. (2015). Update on use of aldesleukin for treatment of high-risk metastatic melanoma. ImmunoTargets and therapy, 4, 79.
  • Bortolotti, M., Mercatelli, D., & Polito, L. (2019). Momordica charantia, a nutraceutical approach for inflammatory related diseases. Frontiers in pharmacology, 10, 486.
  • Budrat, P., & Shotipruk, A. (2008). Extraction of phenolic compounds from fruits of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) with subcritical water extraction and antioxidant activities of these extracts. Chiang Mai J Sci, 35(1), 123-130.
  • Cheng, Z., Zhang, Z., Han, Y., Wang, J., Wang, Y., Chen, X., ... & Wu, Z. (2020). A review on anti-cancer effect of green tea catechins. Journal of functional foods, 74, 104172.
  • De Martino, L., Martinot, J. L. S., Franceschelli, S., Leone, A., Pizza, C., & De Feo, V. (2006). Proapoptotic effect of Uncaria tomentosa extracts. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 107(1), 91-94.
  • De Paula, L. C. L., Fonseca, F., Perazzo, F., Cruz, F. M., Cubero, D., Trufelli, D. C., ... & Del Giglio, A. (2015). Uncaria tomentosa (cat's claw) improves quality of life in patients with advanced solid tumors. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 21(1), 22-30.
  • Debela, D. T., Muzazu, S. G., Heraro, K. D., Ndalama, M. T., Mesele, B. W., Haile, D. C., ... & Manyazewal, T. (2021). New approaches and procedures for cancer treatment: Current perspectives. SAGE open medicine, 9, 20503121211034366.
  • Deshmukh, S. R., Dhas, Y. K., & Patil, B. A. (2014). Comparative account on medicinal importance of Momordica charantia and its endophytes. World J Pharm Res, 3, 632-40.
  • Flegkas, A., Milosević Ifantis, T., Barda, C., Samara, P., Tsitsilonis, O., & Skaltsa, H. (2019). Antiproliferative activity of (-)-rabdosiin isolated from Ocimum sanctum L. Medicines, 6(1), 37.
  • Fongmoon, D. (2013). Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.) Extract Cultured in Lampang Thailand. NU. International Journal of Science, 10(2), 18-25.
  • Gallet, M., Sévenet, N., Dupont, C., Brazier, M., & Kamel, S. (2004). Breast cancer cell line MDA-MB 231 exerts a potent and direct anti-apoptotic effect on mature osteoclasts. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 319(2), 690-696.
  • Ghasemi, M., Turnbull, T., Sebastian, S., & Kempson, I. (2021). The MTT assay: utility, limitations, pitfalls, and interpretation in bulk and single-cell analysis. International journal of molecular sciences, 22(23), 12827.
  • Güneş, H., Alper, M., & Çelikoğlu, N. (2019). Anticancer effect of the fruit and seed extracts of Momordica charantia L.(Cucurbitaceae) on human cancer cell lines. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 18(10), 2057-2065.
  • Ibrahim, M. I., Wafaa, D. M., & El Nady, G. H. (2022). Ginger Extract as Potent Anti-Cancer Agent against Breast Cancer. Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Biotechnology, 13(12), 139-143.
  • Ihlamur, M., Başari, H., Zengin, Y., & Abamor, E. Ş. (2022). Evaluation Of Immunostimulant/Cytotoxic Activity Of Human Breast Cancer Prepared By Different Antigen Preparation Methods With Adjuvants Combination. Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Arts and Science Journal of Science, 17(1), 96-110.
  • Ihlamur, M., Akgül, B., Zengin, Y., Korkut, Ş. V., Kelleci, K., & Abamor, E. Ş. (2024a). The mTOR Signaling pathway and mTOR Inhibitors in cancer: Next-generation inhibitors and approaches. Current Molecular Medicine.
  • Ihlamur, M., Kelleci, K., Zengin, Y., Allahverdiyev, M. A., & Abamor, E. Ŧ. (2024b). Applications of Exosome Vesicles in Different Cancer Types as Biomarkers. Current Molecular Medicine, 24(3), 281-297.
  • Kelleci, K. (2023). İn vitro Anticarcinogenic, Antiparasitic and Antimicrobial Effects of P. granatum Extract. Biology Bulletin Reviews, 13(Suppl 3), S264-S269.
  • Kobori, M., Ohnishi-Kameyama, M., Akimoto, Y., Yukizaki, C., & Yoshida, M. (2008). α-Eleostearic acid and its dihydroxy derivative are major apoptosis-inducing components of bitter gourd. Journal of Agricultural and food chemistry, 56(22), 10515-10520.
  • Kwatra, D., Venugopal, A., Standing, D., Ponnurangam, S., Dhar, A., Mitra, A., & Anant, S. (2013). Bitter melon extracts enhance the activity of chemotherapeutic agents through the modulation of multiple drug resistance. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 102(12), 4444-4454.
  • Mir, M. A., Sawhney, S. S., & Jassal, M. M. S. (2013). Qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytochemicals of Taraxacum officinale. Wudpecker Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmocology, 2(1), 1-5.
  • Pilarski, R., Filip, B., Wietrzyk, J., Kuraś, M., & Gulewicz, K. (2010). Anticancer activity of the Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC. preparations with different oxindole alkaloid composition. Phytomedicine, 17(14), 1133-1139.
  • Raina, K., Kumar, D., & Agarwal, R. (2016, October). Promise of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) bioactives in cancer prevention and therapy. In Seminars in cancer biology (Vol. 40, pp. 116-129). Academic Press.
  • Ray, R. B., Raychoudhuri, A., Steele, R., & Nerurkar, P. (2010). Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) extract inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation by modulating cell cycle regulatory genes and promotes apoptosis. Cancer Research, 70(5), 1925-1931.
  • Riva, L., Coradini, D., Di Fronzo, G., De Feo, V., De Tommasi, N., De Simone, F., & Pizza, C. (2001). The antiproliferative effects of Uncaria tomentosa extracts and fractions on the growth of breast cancer cell line. Anticancer Research, 21(4A), 2457-2461.
  • Ru, P., Steele, R., Nerurkar, P. V., Phillips, N., & Ray, R. B. (2011). Bitter melon extract impairs prostate cancer cell-cycle progression and delays prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in TRAMP model. Cancer prevention research, 4(12), 2122-2130.
  • Shareef, M., Ashraf, M. A., & Sarfraz, M. (2016). Natural cures for breast cancer treatment. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 24(3), 233-240.
  • Shobha, C. R., Vishwanath, P., Suma, M. N., Prashant, A., Rangaswamy, C., & Gowdappa, B. H. (2015). İn vitro anti-cancer activity of ethanolic extract of Momordica charantia on cervical and breast cancer cell lines. Int J Health Allied Sci, 4(4), 210-210.
  • Sigstedt, S. C., Hooten, C. J., Callewaert, M. C., Jenkins, A. R., Romero, A. E., Pullin, M. J., ... & Steelant, W. F. (2008). Evaluation of aqueous extracts of Taraxacum officinale on growth and invasion of breast and prostate cancer cells. International Journal of Oncology, 32(5), 1085-1090.
  • Sultana, B., Anwar, F., & Ashraf, M. (2009). Effect of extraction solvent/technique on the antioxidant activity of selected medicinal plant extracts. Molecules, 14(6), 2167-2180.
  • Sur, S., & Ray, R. B. (2020). Bitter melon (Momordica charantia), a nutraceutical approach for cancer prevention and therapy. Cancers, 12(8), 2064.
  • Wang, S., Tang, L., & Chen, F. (2015). Astragaloside III from Astragalus membranaceus antagonizes breast cancer growth. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 12(3), 183-186.
  • Weng, J. R., Bai, L. Y., Chiu, C. F., Hu, J. L., Chiu, S. J., & Wu, C. Y. (2013). Cucurbitane triterpenoid from Momordica charantia induces apoptosis and autophagy in breast cancer cells, in part, through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activation. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013.
  • Zengin, Y., Ihlamur, M., & Başarı, H. (2022). Immunostimulant/cytotoxic effect of cardamom extract with adjuvant combination on breast cancer cell line. Bayburt Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 229-234.
  • Zhou, R., Chen, H., Chen, J., Chen, X., Wen, Y., & Xu, L. (2018). Extract from Astragalus membranaceus inhibit breast cancer cells proliferation via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 18, 1-8.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Bioengineering (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Murat Ihlamur 0000-0002-0458-5638

Kübra Kelleci 0000-0002-9409-2254

Melisa Özkan 0000-0002-5899-6037

Emrah Şefik Abamor 0000-0002-9174-4528

Early Pub Date June 6, 2024
Publication Date June 26, 2024
Submission Date September 6, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Ihlamur, M., Kelleci, K., Özkan, M., Abamor, E. Ş. (2024). A HERBAL TREATMENT METHOD FOR BREAST CANCER: ANTITUMOR EFFECT OF MOMORDICA CHARANTIA. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 23(45), 144-155. https://doi.org/10.55071/ticaretfbd.1356139
AMA Ihlamur M, Kelleci K, Özkan M, Abamor EŞ. A HERBAL TREATMENT METHOD FOR BREAST CANCER: ANTITUMOR EFFECT OF MOMORDICA CHARANTIA. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. June 2024;23(45):144-155. doi:10.55071/ticaretfbd.1356139
Chicago Ihlamur, Murat, Kübra Kelleci, Melisa Özkan, and Emrah Şefik Abamor. “A HERBAL TREATMENT METHOD FOR BREAST CANCER: ANTITUMOR EFFECT OF MOMORDICA CHARANTIA”. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 23, no. 45 (June 2024): 144-55. https://doi.org/10.55071/ticaretfbd.1356139.
EndNote Ihlamur M, Kelleci K, Özkan M, Abamor EŞ (June 1, 2024) A HERBAL TREATMENT METHOD FOR BREAST CANCER: ANTITUMOR EFFECT OF MOMORDICA CHARANTIA. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 23 45 144–155.
IEEE M. Ihlamur, K. Kelleci, M. Özkan, and E. Ş. Abamor, “A HERBAL TREATMENT METHOD FOR BREAST CANCER: ANTITUMOR EFFECT OF MOMORDICA CHARANTIA”, İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 23, no. 45, pp. 144–155, 2024, doi: 10.55071/ticaretfbd.1356139.
ISNAD Ihlamur, Murat et al. “A HERBAL TREATMENT METHOD FOR BREAST CANCER: ANTITUMOR EFFECT OF MOMORDICA CHARANTIA”. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 23/45 (June 2024), 144-155. https://doi.org/10.55071/ticaretfbd.1356139.
JAMA Ihlamur M, Kelleci K, Özkan M, Abamor EŞ. A HERBAL TREATMENT METHOD FOR BREAST CANCER: ANTITUMOR EFFECT OF MOMORDICA CHARANTIA. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2024;23:144–155.
MLA Ihlamur, Murat et al. “A HERBAL TREATMENT METHOD FOR BREAST CANCER: ANTITUMOR EFFECT OF MOMORDICA CHARANTIA”. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 23, no. 45, 2024, pp. 144-55, doi:10.55071/ticaretfbd.1356139.
Vancouver Ihlamur M, Kelleci K, Özkan M, Abamor EŞ. A HERBAL TREATMENT METHOD FOR BREAST CANCER: ANTITUMOR EFFECT OF MOMORDICA CHARANTIA. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2024;23(45):144-55.