A New Approach for Acceptance of Critical Gap at Unsignalized Intersections

Abstract

Within the scope of this study, it is aimed to develop relations for different maneuvers by using the data collected from four different unsignalized intersections in İzmir. In the study, it is observed that the critical gap acceptance value varies significantly under main arterials involving low volumes of traffic; however, when the highway traffic flow reaches high values, drivers accept shorter gaps. In determining the gap acceptance value it is observed the maneuver of the driver trying to find an appropriate gap at the intersection is more effective than the maneuver of the driver entering the intersection. Another output of the study is that driver behaviors are more effective, especially at main arterials having low traffic flow, and it is determined that the actual values observed in the field can be achieved by adding behavioral differences to the investigated models.

Keywords

• Unsignalized intersections
• critical gap
• capacity

Işıksız Kavşaklarda Kritik Aralık Kabulü İçin Yeni Bir Yaklaşım

Abstract

Bu çalışma kapsamında İzmir’de yer alan 4 ışıksız kavşaktan toplanan verilerden yararlanarak, farklı manevralar için bağıntılar geliştirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada, kritik aralık kabul değerinin, düşük ana yol hacim değerleri altında önemli oranda değişkenlik gösterdiği; ancak ana yol trafik akımı yüksek değerlere ulaştığında sürücülerin daha kısa aralıkları kabul ettikleri görülmüştür. Aralık kabul değerinin belirlenmesinde, kavşağa giriş yapacak sürücünün manevrasından daha çok; uygun aralık bulmaya çalıştığı manevranın daha etkin olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmanın bir diğer çıktısı da, özellikle düşük ana yol trafik akımı etkisi altında sürücü davranışlarının daha etkili olduğu ve davranış farklılıklarının modele katılmasıyla sahada gözlemlenen değerlere daha sağlıklı biçimde ulaşılabileceği anlaşılmıştır.

Keywords

• Işıksız kavşak
• kritik aralık
• kapasite

References

1. Gedizlioğlu, E., Denetimsiz kavşaklarda yanyol sürücülerinin davranışlarına göre pratik kapasite saptanması için bir yöntem, Doktora Tezi, İ.T.Ü. Mühendislik Fakültesi, 1979.
2. Tanner, J. C., A Theoretical Analysis of Delays at an Uncontrolled Intersection, Biometrika, 49(1/2), 163–170, 1962.
3. Tanyel, S., Türkiye’deki dönel kavşaklar için kapasite hesap yöntemi, Doktora Tezi, İ.T.Ü. Mühendislik Fakültesi, 2001.
4. Utku, S.B., Yuvarlakada Kavşaklarda Kavşak İçi Gecikmelerin Kavşak Başarımı Üzerindeki Etkisi ve Buna Bağlı Kapasite Değişimlerinin Modellenmesi, Doktora Tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2016.
5. Adams, W.F., Road Traffic Considered as a Random Series, Journal of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 4(1), 121–130, 1936.
6. Hagring, O., Roundabout Entry Capacity, Bulletin, 135, Dept. of Traffic Planning and Engineering, Lund, Sweden, 1996.
7. Hagring O., Vehicle-Vehicle Interactions at Roundabouts and their Implications for the Entry Capacity, Lund Institute of Technology, 1998.
8. Fricker, J., Gutierrez, M. and Moffet, D., 1991. Gap acceptance, wait time and risk aversion at unsignalized intersections, Intersections Without Traffic Signals II, Bochum, Germany, 297–307.

9. Raff, M. S., Hart, J. W., A Volume Warrant for Urban Stop Signs, Eno Foundation for Highway Traffic Control, Saugatuck, Connecticut, 1950.
10. Siegloch, W., Die Leistungsermittlung an Knotenpunkten ohne Lichtsignalanlagen (Capacity Calculations at Unsignalized Intersections) (in German), Series Strassenbau und Strassenverkehrstechnik, No. 154, 1973.
11. Troutbeck, R.J., Brilon, W., Unsignalized Intersection Theory. In Traffic Flow Theory A State of Art Report, 8-1-8-44. Edited by Gartner, N., Messer, C.J., and Rathi, A.K., 1995.
12. Hewitt, R. H., (1985). “A comparison between some methods of measuring critical gap”. Traffic Engineering and Control 26(1), 13-22.
13. Miller, A.J., Nine Estimators for Gap-Acceptance Parameters. In: Newell, G. (Ed.), Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Theory of Traffic Flow and Transportation. Berkeley, California June, 1971.
14. Troutbeck, R.J., Estimating the Critical Acceptance Gap from Traffic Movements, Queensland University of Technology, 1992.
15. Tian, Z., Vandehey, M., Robinson, B. W., Kittelson, W., Kyte, M., Troutbeck, R., Wu, N. Implementing the Maximum Likelihood Methodology to Measure a Driver’s Critical Gap, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 33(3-4), 187–197, 1999.
16. Abou-Henaidy, M., Teply, S., Hunt J.D., Gap Acceptance Investigations in Canada. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Highway Capacity. Australian Road Research Board, Transportation Research Board, 1, 1–20, 1994.
17. Radwan, A. E., Sinha, K.C., Gap acceptance and delay at stop controlled intersections on multilane divided highways, Journal of Institute of Transportation Engineers, 50, 3, 38–44, 1980.
18. Hamed, M. M., Easa, S. M., & Batayneh, R. R. (1997). Disaggregate gap-acceptance model for unsignalized T-intersections. Journal of transportation engineering, 123, 1, 36–42.
19. Solberg, P., Oppenlander, J., Lag and Gap Acceptance At Stop-Controlled Intersections. Highway Capacity Record, 118, 48–67, 1966.
20. Brilon, W., Koenig, R., Troutbeck, R.J., Useful Estimation Procedures for Critical Gaps, Transportation Research, Part A, 33, 161–186, 1999.
21. Dutta, M., Ahmed, M.A., Mod, J., Gap Acceptance Behavior of Drivers at Uncontrolled T-Intersections Under Mixed Traffic Conditions, Transport, 1–14, 2017.
22. Tian, Z.Z., Troutbeck, R., Kyte, M., Brilon, W., Vandehey, M., Kittelson, W., Robinson, B., A Further Investigation on Critical Gap and Follow-Up Time, 4th International Symposium on Highway Capacity; Maui, Hawaii, 2000.
23. Hagring, O., Estimation of Critical Gaps in Two Major Streams, Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 34, 4, 293–313, 2000.
24. Weinert, A., Estimation of Critical Gaps and Follow-Up Times at Rural Unsignalized Intersections in Germany, 4th International Symposium on Highway Capacity, Maui, Hawaii: Transportation Research Board, 409–421, 2000.
25. Wu, N., A New Model for Estimating Critical Gap and Its Distribution at Unsignalized Intersections Based on the Equilibrium of Probabilities, Proceeding of the 5th International Symposium on Highway Capacity and Quality of Service, Yokohama, Japan, 25–29, 2006.
26. Wu, N., Equilibrium of Probabilities for Estimating Distribution Function of Critical Gaps at Unsignalized Intersections, Transportation Research Record, 2286 (December), 49–55, 2012.
27. Vasconcelos, L., Álvaro S., Ana S., Comparison of Procedures to Estimate Critical Headways at Roundabouts, PROMET – Traffic & Transportation, 25, 1, 43–54, 2013.
28. Sinha, K.C., Tomiak, W.W., Section Gap Acceptance Phenomenon at Stop Controlled Intersections, Traffic Engineering, 41, 7, 28–33, 1971.
29. Madanat, S.M., Cassidy, M.J., Wang, M-H., Probabilistic Delay Model at Stop-Controlled Intersection, J. Transp. Eng., 120, 21–36, 1994.
30. Çalışkanelli, S. P., ve Tanyel, S., Işıksız Kavşaklardaki Ana yol Araç Gecikmelerinin İrdelenmesi, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 24.6, 1093-1099, 2018.
31. Ozan C., Başkan, Ö., Ve Metin, M., Denetimsiz Eşdüzey Kavşakların Performans Analizi: Aydın Örneği. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 22.2, 637-648, 2020.
32. Velan, S.M., Van Aerde, M.V., Gap Acceptance and Approach Capacity at Unsignalised Intersections, ITE Journal, 66, 3, 40–45, 1996.
33. Zohdy, I., Sadek, S., Rakha, H., Empirical Analysis of Effects of Wait Time and Rain Intensity on Driver Left-Turn Gap Acceptance Behavior, Transp. Res. Rec. J. Transp. Res. Board, 2173, 1–10, 2010.
34. Devarasetty, P.C., Zhang, Y., Fitzpatrick, K., Differentiating Between Left-Turn Gap and Lag Acceptance at Unsignalized Intersections as a Function of the Site Characteristics, J. Transp. Eng., 138, 580–588, 2011.
35. Vasconcelos, L., Álvaro S., Ana S., Gilberto R., Estimation of Critical Headways at Unsignalized Intersections – A Microscopic Approach, Advances in Transportation Studies (1), 59–72, 2012.
36. Serag MS (2015) Gap-Acceptance Behaviour at Uncontrolled Intersections in Developing Countries. Malays. J. Civ. Eng., 27, 80–93.
37. Liu, M., Lu, G., Wang, Y., Zhang, Z., Analyzing Drivers’ Crossing Decisions at Unsignalized Intersections in China. Transp. Res. Part. F Traffic Psychol Behav., 24, 244–255, 2014.
38. Russell, M., Stuber, G.L., Interchannel Interface Analysis of OFDM in a Mobile Environment, IEEE 45th Vehicular Technology Conference, Chicago, IL, 820–824., 1995.
39. Tsguhide, A., Magnus, S., Pilot Design for Frequency Offset Tracking in MIMO-OFDM System. 17th Annual IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, Helsinki, Finland, 1–5, 2006.
40. Wang, X., Yang, X., Study on Decision Mechanism of Driving Behavior Based on Decision Tree, Journal of System Simulation, 20, 2, 415–419, 2008.
41. Yinghi, L., Hlaing, M., Consistent Pilot Design for Frequency Offset Estimation in MIMO-OFDM System, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Honolulu, USA, 249–252, 2007.
42. Ashalatha, R., Chandra S., Critical Gap Through Clearing Behavior of Drivers at Unsignalised Intersections, KSCE J. Civ. Eng., 15, 1427–1434, 2011.
43. Mohan M., Chandra, S., Critical Gap Estimation at Two-Way Stop-Controlled Intersections Based on Occupancy Time Data, Transportmetrica A: Transport Science, 14, 4, 316–329, 2018.
44. Kyte, M., Clemow, C., Mahfood, N., Lall, B.K., Khisty, C.J., Capacity and Delay Characteristics of Two-Way Stop-Controlled Intersections, Transportation Research Record 1320, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 160–167, 1991.
45. Chandra, S., Agrawal, A., Rajamma, A., Microscopic Analysis of Service Delay at Uncontrolled Intersections in Mixed Traffic Conditions, Journal of Transportation Engineering, 135, 6, 323–329, 2009.
46. Tanyel, S., Çalışkanelli, S.P., Özuysal, M., A NewMinimum Delay Model for Multi-Lane Traffic Circles, İMO Teknik Dergi, 33, 1, 11429–11454, 2022.
47. Horton, R.E., An Approach Toward a Physical Interpretation of Infiltration Capacity. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 5, 399–417, 1940.
48. R Core Team, R: A Language And Environment for Statistical Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, URL: https://www.Rproject.org, 2023.
49. Koenker, R., Bassett Jr, G., Regression Quantiles, Econometrica: Journal Of The Econometric Society, 33-50, 1978.
50. StataCorp, L. L. C., Stata Treatment-Effects Reference Manual: Potential Outcomes/Counterfactual Outcomes, Release 15, 2017.
51. Lasdon, L.S., and Waren, A.D., Large Scale Nonlinear Programming, Computers and Chemical Engineering, 7, 5, 595–604, 1983.
52. Waren, A.D., and Lasdon, L.S., The Status of Nonlinear Programming Software, Operations Research, 27(3): 431–456, 1979.
53. Akçelik, R., SIDRA TRIP User Guide. Greythorn, Australia: Akçelik & Associates, 2011.
54. Koenker, R. Quantile Regression in R: A Vignette. https. cran. rproject. org/web/packages/quantreg/vignettes/rq. Pd, 2019.