Investigation of the Performance of Bio-Oils from Three Different Agricultural Wastes as Rejuvenators for Recycled Asphalt

Year 2024, Volume: 35 Issue: 3, 95 - 123, 01.05.2024

Beyza Furtana Yalçın , Mehmet Yilmaz

https://doi.org/10.18400/tjce.1320185

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using bio-oil obtained from pine cones, olive mill pomace, and wheat straw as rejuvenators for the reuse of aged asphalt binders. Additionally, the biomass used for bio-oil production was selected from waste materials. Therefore, it makes great contributions to both the environment and the economy. B50/70 bitumen was selected as the neat binder. The bio-oils used in the study were obtained as a result of pyrolysis. Bio-oil rejuvenators at 5%, 10% and 20% by the weight of the binder were added to the aged binder obtained from recycled asphalt mixtures to obtaine bioregenerated asphalts. The physical and rheological properties of bioregenerated asphalts were investigated and not compared on neat and aged binders through penetration, softening point, rotational viscometer and dynamic shear rheometer tests. In addition, the effects of temperature and biooil content on complex modulus properties were examined using response surface methods. It was foud that while the bio-oils increased the penetration values of the aged binders, they also decreased the softening point and viscosity values. The bio-oils significantly modified rutting resistance of the aged binder. The addition of bio-oil improved the viscous components and can rejuvenate the viscoelastic properties of aged asphalt binders to that of almost the original level. In addition, response surface methods results showed that the interactions between both independent variables were effective. Finally, high coefficient of determination (R2) values indicated good agreement between the actual and predicted values. It was recommended as a result of the study that 20% concentration of bio-oil should be used to rejuvenate the aged asphalt binder for reuse in pavement construction.

Keywords

Bio-oil; Rejuvenator, Aged asphalt, Rheological properties, Response surface methodology

Supporting Institution

Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK)

Project Number

122M042

Thanks

This study was carried out within the scope of the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK). We gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by TUBITAK to the Research Project 122M042.

References

• Chailleux, E., Audo, M., Bujoli, B., Queffelec, C., Legrand, J., Lepine, O.: Workshop alternative binders for sustainable asphalt pavements. In: Alternative Binder from Microalgae: Algoroute Project. pp. 7–14 (2012)
• Zhang, R., Wang, H., Gao, J., You, Z., Yang, X.: High temperature performance of SBS modified bio-asphalt. Constr. Build. Mater. 144, 99–105 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.103
• Lv, S., Liu, C., Yao, H., Zheng, J.: Comparisons of synchronous measurement methods on various moduli of asphalt mixtures. Constr. Build. Mater. 158, 1035–1045 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.193
• Lee, K.W., Brayton, T.E., Mueller, M., Singh, A.: Rational Mix-Design Procedure for Cold In-Place Recycling Asphalt Mixtures and Performance Prediction. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 28, 04016008 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001492
• Onochie, A., Fini, E., Yang, X., Mills-Beale, J., You, Z.: Transportation research board 92nd annual meeting. Rheological Characterization of Nano-particle based Bio-modified Binder, Washington DC (2013)
• Zhang, R., Wang, H., Gao, J., Yang, X., You, Z.: Comprehensive Performance Evaluation and Cost Analysis of SBS-Modified Bioasphalt Binders and Mixtures. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 29, 04017232 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002098
• Ge, D., Yan, K., You, Z., Xu, H.: Modification mechanism of asphalt binder with waste tire rubber and recycled polyethylene. Constr. Build. Mater. 126, 66–76 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.09.014
• Zhang, R., Wang, H., Jiang, X., You, Z., Yang, X., Ye, M.: Thermal Storage Stability of Bio-Oil Modified Asphalt. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 30, 04018054 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002237
• Wang, H., Zhang, R., Chen, Y., You, Z., Fang, J.: Study on microstructure of rubberized recycled hot mix asphalt based X-ray CT technology. Constr. Build. Mater. 121, 177–184 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.166
• Bell, C.A., Wieder, A.J., Fellin, M.J.: Laboratory aging of asphalt-aggregate mixtures, Field Validation. , Washington, DC (1994)
• Said, S.: Aging Effect on Mechanical Characteristics of Bituminous Mixtures. Transp. Res. Rec. J. Transp. Res. Board. 1901, 1–9 (2005). https://doi.org/10.3141/1901-01
• Ramadan, K.Z., Saad, A.A.: Effect of Superpave Short-Term Aging on Binder and Asphalt Mixture Rheology. Period. Polytech. Transp. Eng. 45, 196 (2017). https://doi.org/10.3311/PPtr.10477
• G. Holleran, T. Wieringa, T. Tailby: Rejuvenation treatments for aged pavements. In: Transit New Zealand and New Zealand Institute of Highway Technology (NZIHT) Annual Conference. , Auckland, New Zealand (2006)
• Zhang, R.H., Zhao, T.S., Tan, P., Wu, M.C., Jiang, H.R.: Ruthenium dioxide-decorated carbonized tubular polypyrrole as a bifunctional catalyst for non-aqueous lithium-oxygen batteries. Electrochim. Acta. 257, 281–289 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2017.10.097
• Nahar, S.N., Qiu, J., Schmets, A.J.M., Schlangen, E., Shirazi, M., van de Ven, M.F.C., Schitter, G., Scarpas, A.: Turning Back Time. Transp. Res. Rec. J. Transp. Res. Board. 2444, 52–62 (2014). https://doi.org/10.3141/2444-06
• Yu, X., Zaumanis, M., dos Santos, S., Poulikakos, L.D.: Rheological, microscopic, and chemical characterization of the rejuvenating effect on asphalt binders. Fuel. 135, 162–171 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.06.038
• Zaumanis, M., Mallick, R.B., Poulikakos, L., Frank, R.: Influence of six rejuvenators on the performance properties of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) binder and 100% recycled asphalt mixtures. Constr. Build. Mater. 71, 538–550 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.08.073
• Xie, Z., Tran, N., Julian, G., Taylor, A., Blackburn, L.D.: Performance of Asphalt Mixtures with High Recycled Contents Using Rejuvenators and Warm-Mix Additive: Field and Lab Experiments. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 29, 04017190 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002037
• Tran, N., Xie, Z., Julian, G., Taylor, A., Willis, R., Robbins, M., Buchanan, S.: Effect of a Recycling Agent on the Performance of High-RAP and High-RAS Mixtures: Field and Lab Experiments. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 29, 04016178 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001697
• Lei, Z., Bahia, H., Yi-qiu, T.: Effect of bio-based and refined waste oil modifiers on low temperature performance of asphalt binders. Constr. Build. Mater. 86, 95–100 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.03.106
• Yang, X., You, Z.-P., Dai, Q.-L.: Performance evaluation of asphalt binder modified by bio-oil generated from waste wood resources. Int. J. Pavement Res. Technol. 6, 431–439 (2013). https://doi.org/10.6135/ijprt.org.tw/2013.6(4).431
• López, S., Davies, D.R., Giráldez, F.J., Dhanoa, M., Dijkstra, J., France, J.: Assessment of nutritive value of cereal and legume straws based on chemical composition andin vitro digestibility. J. Sci. Food Agric. 85, 1550–1557 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2136
• Wang, M., Hettiarachchy, N.S., Qi, M., Burks, W., Siebenmorgen, T.: Preparation and Functional Properties of Rice Bran Protein Isolate. J. Agric. Food Chem. 47, 411–416 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9806964
• Wang, J., Sun, B., Cao, Y., Wang, C.: In vitro fermentation of xylooligosaccharides from wheat bran insoluble dietary fiber by Bifidobacteria. Carbohydr. Polym. 82, 419–423 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.04.082
• Ortiz de Zárate, I., Ezcurra, A., Lacaux, J.P., Van Dinh, P., de Argandoña, J.D.: Pollution by cereal waste burning in Spain. Atmos. Res. 73, 161–170 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2004.07.006
• Ayrilmis, N., Buyuksari, U., Dundar, T.: Waste pine cones as a source of reinforcing fillers for thermoplastic composites. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 117, 2324–2330 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1002/app.32076
• McCready, N.S., Williams, R.C.: The Utilization of Agriculturally Derived Lignin as an Antioxidant in Asphalt Binder. In: Proceedings of the 2007 Mid-Continent Transportation Research Symposium. , Ames (2007)
• Li, Y., Xing, B., Ding, Y., Han, X., Wang, S.: A critical review of the production and advanced utilization of biochar via selective pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. Bioresour. Technol. 312, 123614 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123614
• Akhtar, J., Kuang, S.K., Amin, N.S.: Liquefaction of empty palm fruit bunch (EPFB) in alkaline hot compressed water. Renew. Energy. 35, 1220–1227 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2009.10.003
• Bridgwater, A.: Fast pyrolysis processes for biomass. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 4, 1–73 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-0321(99)00007-6
• Mohan, D., Pittman, C.U., Steele, P.H.: Pyrolysis of Wood/Biomass for Bio-oil: A Critical Review. Energy & Fuels. 20, 848–889 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1021/ef0502397
• Asli, H., Ahmadinia, E., Zargar, M., Karim, M.R.: Investigation on physical properties of waste cooking oil – Rejuvenated bitumen binder. Constr. Build. Mater. 37, 398–405 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.07.042
• You, Z., Mills-Beale, J., Fini, E., Goh, S.W., Colbert, B.: Evaluation of Low-Temperature Binder Properties of Warm-Mix Asphalt, Extracted and Recovered RAP and RAS, and Bioasphalt. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 23, 1569–1574 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000295
• Wang, H., Sun, M., Yang, H., Tian, X., Tong, Y., Zhou, T., Zhang, T., Fu, Y., Guo, X., Fan, D., Yu, A., Fan, M., Wu, X., Xiao, W., Chui, D.: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α mediates up-regulation of neprilysin by histone deacetylase-1 under hypoxia condition in neuroblastoma cells. J. Neurochem. 131, 4–11 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.12795
• Yang, X., You, Z.: High temperature performance evaluation of bio-oil modified asphalt binders using the DSR and MSCR tests. Constr. Build. Mater. 76, 380–387 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.11.063
• Gong, M., Yang, J., Zhang, J., Zhu, H., Tong, T.: Physical–chemical properties of aged asphalt rejuvenated by bio-oil derived from biodiesel residue. Constr. Build. Mater. 105, 35–45 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.025
• Zargar, M., Ahmadinia, E., Asli, H., Karim, M.R.: Investigation of the possibility of using waste cooking oil as a rejuvenating agent for aged bitumen. J. Hazard. Mater. 233–234, 254–258 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.06.021
• Ržek, L., Ravnikar Turk, M., Tušar, M.: Increasing the rate of reclaimed asphalt in asphalt mixture by using alternative rejuvenator produced by tire pyrolysis. Constr. Build. Mater. 232, 117177 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117177
• Avsenik, L., Klinar, D., Tušar, M., Perše, L.S.: Use of modified slow tire pyrolysis product as a rejuvenator for aged bitumen. Constr. Build. Mater. 120, 605–616 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.140
• Nizamuddin, S., Baloch, H.A., Jamal, M., Madapusi, S., Giustozzi, F.: Performance of waste plastic bio-oil as a rejuvenator for asphalt binder. Sci. Total Environ. 828, 154489 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154489
• Foroutan Mirhosseini, A., Tahami, S.A., Hoff, I., Dessouky, S., Ho, C.-H.: Performance evaluation of asphalt mixtures containing high-RAP binder content and bio-oil rejuvenator. Constr. Build. Mater. 227, 116465 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.191
• Technical, A.I., Bulletin: Laboratory Mixing and Compaction Temperatures, http://www.asphaltinstitute.org/superpav/mixcompt.html, accessed 8/19/01
• TS EN 932-1: Test For General Properties of Aggregates part 1 methods for sampling. (1997)
• TS EN 12697-3+A1: Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 3: Bitumen recovery: Rotary evaporator. (2019)
• Çeloğlu, M.E.: Investigation of the Usability of Biochars Obtained from the Pyrolysis of Different Biomasses in Bitumen and Bituminous Hot, (2020)
• Ganter, D., Mielke, T., Maier, M., Lupascu, D.C.: Bitumen rheology and the impact of rejuvenators. Constr. Build. Mater. 222, 414–423 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.06.177
• AASHTO T315: Standard Method of Test for Determining the Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder Using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). AASHTO, USA (2019)
• AASHTO M332: D8239 Standard specification for Performance-Graded Asphalt Binder using Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) Test. AASHTO, USA (2015)
• Wasage, T.L.J., Stastna, J., Zanzotto, L.: Rheological analysis of multi-stress creep recovery ( MSCR ) test. 8436, (2011). https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2011.573557
• Behnood, A., Shah, A., McDaniel, R.S., Beeson, M., Olek, J.: High-Temperature Properties of Asphalt Binders: Comparison of Multiple Stress Creep Recovery and Performance Grading Systems. Transp. Res. Rec. 2574, 131–143 (2016). https://doi.org/10.3141/2574-15
• Khodaii, A., Haghshenas, H.F., Kazemi Tehrani, H.: Effect of grading and lime content on HMA stripping using statistical methodology. Constr. Build. Mater. 34, 131–135 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.02.025
• Montgomery, D.C.: Design and analysis of experiments. Wiley, New York (2012)
• Montgomery, D.C.: Design and analysis of experiments,. Wiley, New York (2001)
• Myers, R.H., Douglas C. Montgomery, Christine M. Anderson-Cook: Response surface methodology: process and product optimization using designed experiments. Wiley, New York (2016)
• Fang, Y., Zhang, Z., Yang, J., Li, X.: Comprehensive review on the application of bio-rejuvenator in the regeneration of waste asphalt materials. Constr. Build. Mater. 295, 123631 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123631
• Zhou, X., Moghaddam, T.B., Chen, M., Wu, S., Zhang, Y., Zhang, X., Adhikari, S., Zhang, X.: Effects of pyrolysis parameters on physicochemical properties of biochar and bio-oil and application in asphalt. Sci. Total Environ. 780, 146448 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146448
• Zhang, R., You, Z., Wang, H., Chen, X., Si, C., Peng, C.: Using bio-based rejuvenator derived from waste wood to recycle old asphalt. Constr. Build. Mater. 189, 568–575 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.08.201
• Baghaee Moghaddam, T., Soltani, M., Karim, M.R., Baaj, H.: Optimization of asphalt and modifier contents for polyethylene terephthalate modified asphalt mixtures using response surface methodology. Measurement. 74, 159–169 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2015.07.012
• Myers, R.H., Montgomery, D.C., Anderson-Cook, C.M.: Response Surface Methodology: Process and Product Optimization Using Designed Experiments. John Wiley & Sons (2016)
• Körbahti, B.K., Rauf, M.A.: Application of response surface analysis to the photolytic degradation of Basic Red 2 dye. Chem. Eng. J. 138, 166–171 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2007.06.016
• Hosseinpour, V., Kazemeini, M., Mohammadrezaee, A.: Optimisation of Ru-promoted Ir-catalysed methanol carbonylation utilising response surface methodology. Appl. Catal. A Gen. 394, 166–175 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2010.12.036