Ticari Spirulina ve Undaria Ekstraktlarının Oksidatif Stres İndeksi, Antioksidan Aktivitesi ve Fenolik Bileşimi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, farklı polaritedeki çözücülerle elde edilen ticari Spirulina ve Undaria ekstraktlarının antioksidan aktivitelerini, toplam oksidan/antioksidan durumlarını ve fenolik profillerini karşılaştırmayı amaçladı. Yöntemler: Ekstraktlar hekzan, etanol ve su kullanılarak hazırlandı. Antioksidan aktiviteler DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC ve metal şelatlama testleriyle değerlendirildi. Toplam fenolik (TPC), toplam flavonoid (TFC) ve fenolik aldehit içerikleri spektrofotometrik olarak ölçüldü. Fenolik kimlikler ve profiller, gerçek standartlarla çoklu reaksiyon izleme modunda LC-MS/MS kullanılarak analiz edildi. Toplam antioksidan durum (TAS), toplam oksidan durum (TOS) ve oksidatif stres indeksi (OSI) ticari kitlerle belirlendi. Bulgular: Spirulina’nın etanol ve hekzan ekstraktları, Undaria’ya kıyasla daha güçlü radikal süpürücü ve şelatlama aktiviteleri gösterdi ve DPPH/ABTS testlerinde daha düşük IC₅₀ değerlerine sahipti. Spirulina, tüm çözücü fraksiyonlarında daha yüksek TAS ve daha düşük OSI sergiledi. Fenolik profil analizleri Spirulina’da vanilin, vanilik asit ve gentisik asit gibi küçük fenoliklerin baskın olduğunu gösterdi; Undaria ise yüksek molekül ağırlıklı florotaninlere dayanıyordu. Çözücü polaritesi belirleyici oldu; etanol ve hekzan ekstraktları fenolik içerik ve antioksidan aktivite açısından suya üstünlük sağladı. Sonuç: Spirulina ekstraktları, fenolik çeşitliliği ve antioksidan kapasitesiyle Undaria’dan üstün bulunmuş, kahverengi alglerin her zaman polifenolce daha zengin olduğu yönündeki algıya meydan okumuştur. Klasik testlerin OSI ile birlikte kullanılması, Spirulina’nın fonksiyonel gıda ve nutrasötik potansiyelini daha güçlü şekilde ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

• Spirulina
• Undaria
• fenolik profil
• antioksidan aktivite
• oksidatif stres indeksi

Oxidative Stress Index, Antioxidant Activity, and Phenolic Composition of Commercial Spirulina and Undaria Extracts

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to compare the antioxidant activities, total oxidant/antioxidant status, and phenolic profiles of commercial Spirulina and Undaria extracts obtained with solvents of different polarity. Methods: Extracts were prepared using hexane, ethanol, and water. Antioxidant activities were assessed by DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, and metal chelation assays. Total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoid (TFC), and phenolic aldehyde contents were quantified spectrophotometrically. Phenolic identities and profiles were analyzed using LC–MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring mode with authentic standards. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured using commercial kits. Results: Spirulina ethanol and hexane extracts exhibited the strongest radical-scavenging and chelating activities, with lower IC₅₀ values in DPPH and ABTS assays compared with Undaria. Spirulina consistently showed higher TAS and lower OSI, indicating a more favorable oxidative balance. Phenolic profiling revealed vanillin, vanillic acid, and gentisic acid as dominant in Spirulina, whereas Undaria was richer in high-molecular-weight phlorotannins but yielded lower TPC and TFC values. Solvent polarity strongly influenced outcomes: ethanol and hexane extracts provided higher phenolic content and stronger antioxidant activity than water. Conclusion: Spirulina extracts demonstrated superior antioxidant activity and phenolic diversity compared to Undaria, challenging the perception that brown algae always dominate in polyphenol content. By integrating classical assays with oxidative stress indices, this study highlights Spirulina’s potential as a more effective source of functional antioxidants.

Keywords

• Spirulina
• Undaria
• phenolic profile
• antioxidant activity
• oxidative stress index

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