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Serum Vitamin B12 Düzeyleri ile İlişkili Repolarizasyon Değişikliklerinin Frontal QRS-T Açısı ile Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 16 Issue: 4, 637 - 643, 01.01.2026
https://doi.org/10.18663/tjcl.1837555
https://izlik.org/JA85LN22HB

Abstract

Giriş: Vitamin B12 eksikliği, kardiyak otonomik fonksiyonu ve ventriküler repolarizasyonu etkileyebilir. Frontal QRS-T açısı, ventriküler depolarizasyon ve repolarizasyon arasındaki ilişkiyi yansıtan yeni ve kullanışlı bir elektrokardiyografik parametredir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, asemptomatik bireylerde serum vitamin B12 düzeyleri ile frontal QRS-T açısı arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmektir.
Yöntem: Mevcut retrospektif çalışma, aynı gün standart 12 derivasyonlu EKGsi çekilen ve serum B12 vitamini düzeyi bakılan 92 yetişkini kapsamaktadır. Katılımcılar, B12 vitamini düzeylerine göre iki gruba ayrıldı. (Grup 1, 300 pg/mL'den düşük düzeyde olan Grup 2, 300 pg/mL veya daha yüksek düzeyde normal olarak tanımlanmıştır). Hastaların klinik özellikleri, laboratuvar bulguları ve EKG parametreleri kaydedildi. Frontal QRS-T açısı, EKG cihazı tarafından sağlanan QRS ve T eksenleri kullanılarak otomatik olarak hesaplandı.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların ortalama yaşı 46,1 (±12,2) idi ve katılımcıların %51,9'u kadındı (p < 0,001). Düşük serum vitamin B12 konsantrasyonuna sahip bireylerin daha geniş frontal QRS-T açısına sahip olduğu görüldü. Serum Vitamin B12 seviyesinin frontal QRS-T açısı için bağımsız bir prediktif faktör olduğu gösterildi.
Sonuç: Frontal QRS-T açısı, vitamin B12 eksikliği olan bireylerde subklinik elektriksel değişiklikleri değerlendirmek için yararlı bir parametre olarak kullanılabilir.

References

  • Aytemir K, Aksöyek S, Büyükasik Y, Haznedaroglu I, Atalar E, Ozer N et al. Assessment of autonomic nervous system functions in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency by power spectral analysis of heart rate variability. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2000; 23: 975-8.
  • Oh R, Brown DL. Vitamin B12 deficiency. Am Fam Physician 2003; 67: 979-86.
  • Beitzke M, Pfister P, Fortin J, Skrabal F. Autonomic dysfunction and hemodynamics in vitamin B12 deficiency. Auton Neurosci 2002; 97: 45-54.
  • Monitillo F, Leone M, Rizzo C, Passantino A, Iacoviello M. Ventricular repolarization measures for arrhythmic risk stratification. World J Cardiol 2016; 8: 57–73.
  • Kuyumcu MS, Özbay MB, Özen Y, Yayla Ç. Evaluation of frontal plane QRS-T angle in patients with slow coronary flow. Scand Cardiovasc J 2020; 54: 20–5.
  • Oehler A, Feldman T, Henrikson CA, Tereshchenko LG. QRS-T angle: A review. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2014; 19: 534–42.
  • Tekin A, Tanrıverdi Z, Kapıcı Y, Güc B, Karamustafalıoglu O. Comparison of frontal QRS-T angle in patients with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 149: 76–82.
  • Demir FA, Bingöl G, Ersoy İ, Arslan A, Ersoy P, Demir M et al. The Relationship between Frontal QRS-T Angle and Vitamin D Deficiency. Medicina (Kaunas) 2024; 60: 776.
  • Yılmaz E, Kurt D, Vural A, Aydın E, Çamcı S, Aydın E. The relationship between vitamin B12 levels and electrocardiographic ventricular repolarization markers. Nutr Hosp 2022; 39: 588-93.
  • Langan RC, Goodbred AJ. Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Recognition and Management. Am Fam Physician 2017; 96: 384-9.
  • Patel H, McGuirk R. Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Common Questions and Answers. Am Fam Physician 2025; 112: 294-300.
  • Ankar A, Kumar A. Vitamin B12 Deficiency. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing 2025.

Repolarisation Changes Associated with Serum Vitamin B12 Levels : Evaluation with Frontal QRS-T Angle

Year 2025, Volume: 16 Issue: 4, 637 - 643, 01.01.2026
https://doi.org/10.18663/tjcl.1837555
https://izlik.org/JA85LN22HB

Abstract

Introduction: Vitamin B12 deficiency may influence cardiac autonomic function and ventricular repolarization. The frontal QRS-T angle is a novel and useful electrocardiographic parameter that reflects the relationship between ventricular depolarisation and repolarisation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between serum vitamin B12 levels and the frontal QRS-T angle in asymptomatic individuals.
Method: The current retrospective study comprised 92 adults who underwent a standard 12-lead ECG and serum vitamin B12 testing on the same day. Participants were divided into two groups according to their vitamin B12 levels (Group 1 was defined as abnormal having a level of less than 300 pg/mL, while Group 2 was defined as normal having a level of 300 pg/mL or more). The patient's clinical characteristics, laboratory findings and ECG parameters were recorded. The frontal QRS-T angle was calculated automatically using the QRS and T axes provided by the ECG device.
Results: The average age of participants was 46.1 (±12.2) years, and 51.9% of participants were female (p < 0.001). Individuals with low vitamin B12 concentrations exhibited a wider frontal QRS-T angle. It was determined that vitamin B12 level is an independent predictive factor for the frontal QRS-T angle.
Conclusion: The frontal QRS-T angle may serve as a useful parameter for evaluating electrical changes and susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias in individuals with vitamin B12 deficiency.

References

  • Aytemir K, Aksöyek S, Büyükasik Y, Haznedaroglu I, Atalar E, Ozer N et al. Assessment of autonomic nervous system functions in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency by power spectral analysis of heart rate variability. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2000; 23: 975-8.
  • Oh R, Brown DL. Vitamin B12 deficiency. Am Fam Physician 2003; 67: 979-86.
  • Beitzke M, Pfister P, Fortin J, Skrabal F. Autonomic dysfunction and hemodynamics in vitamin B12 deficiency. Auton Neurosci 2002; 97: 45-54.
  • Monitillo F, Leone M, Rizzo C, Passantino A, Iacoviello M. Ventricular repolarization measures for arrhythmic risk stratification. World J Cardiol 2016; 8: 57–73.
  • Kuyumcu MS, Özbay MB, Özen Y, Yayla Ç. Evaluation of frontal plane QRS-T angle in patients with slow coronary flow. Scand Cardiovasc J 2020; 54: 20–5.
  • Oehler A, Feldman T, Henrikson CA, Tereshchenko LG. QRS-T angle: A review. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2014; 19: 534–42.
  • Tekin A, Tanrıverdi Z, Kapıcı Y, Güc B, Karamustafalıoglu O. Comparison of frontal QRS-T angle in patients with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 149: 76–82.
  • Demir FA, Bingöl G, Ersoy İ, Arslan A, Ersoy P, Demir M et al. The Relationship between Frontal QRS-T Angle and Vitamin D Deficiency. Medicina (Kaunas) 2024; 60: 776.
  • Yılmaz E, Kurt D, Vural A, Aydın E, Çamcı S, Aydın E. The relationship between vitamin B12 levels and electrocardiographic ventricular repolarization markers. Nutr Hosp 2022; 39: 588-93.
  • Langan RC, Goodbred AJ. Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Recognition and Management. Am Fam Physician 2017; 96: 384-9.
  • Patel H, McGuirk R. Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Common Questions and Answers. Am Fam Physician 2025; 112: 294-300.
  • Ankar A, Kumar A. Vitamin B12 Deficiency. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing 2025.
There are 12 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Cardiology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Fulya Avcı Demır 0000-0003-0608-595X

Gülsüm Bingöl 0000-0001-5879-7866

Akif Arslan 0000-0003-1706-963X

Meltem Demır 0000-0002-0836-8585

Ozge Ozden Kayhan 0000-0003-4148-4366

Serkan Ünlü 0000-0001-6179-8579

Submission Date December 7, 2025
Acceptance Date December 26, 2025
Publication Date January 1, 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.18663/tjcl.1837555
IZ https://izlik.org/JA85LN22HB
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 16 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Avcı Demır, F., Bingöl, G., Arslan, A., Demır, M., Ozden Kayhan, O., & Ünlü, S. (2026). Repolarisation Changes Associated with Serum Vitamin B12 Levels : Evaluation with Frontal QRS-T Angle. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory, 16(4), 637-643. https://doi.org/10.18663/tjcl.1837555
AMA 1.Avcı Demır F, Bingöl G, Arslan A, Demır M, Ozden Kayhan O, Ünlü S. Repolarisation Changes Associated with Serum Vitamin B12 Levels : Evaluation with Frontal QRS-T Angle. TJCL. 2026;16(4):637-643. doi:10.18663/tjcl.1837555
Chicago Avcı Demır, Fulya, Gülsüm Bingöl, Akif Arslan, Meltem Demır, Ozge Ozden Kayhan, and Serkan Ünlü. 2026. “Repolarisation Changes Associated With Serum Vitamin B12 Levels : Evaluation With Frontal QRS-T Angle”. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory 16 (4): 637-43. https://doi.org/10.18663/tjcl.1837555.
EndNote Avcı Demır F, Bingöl G, Arslan A, Demır M, Ozden Kayhan O, Ünlü S (January 1, 2026) Repolarisation Changes Associated with Serum Vitamin B12 Levels : Evaluation with Frontal QRS-T Angle. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory 16 4 637–643.
IEEE [1]F. Avcı Demır, G. Bingöl, A. Arslan, M. Demır, O. Ozden Kayhan, and S. Ünlü, “Repolarisation Changes Associated with Serum Vitamin B12 Levels : Evaluation with Frontal QRS-T Angle”, TJCL, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 637–643, Jan. 2026, doi: 10.18663/tjcl.1837555.
ISNAD Avcı Demır, Fulya - Bingöl, Gülsüm - Arslan, Akif - Demır, Meltem - Ozden Kayhan, Ozge - Ünlü, Serkan. “Repolarisation Changes Associated With Serum Vitamin B12 Levels : Evaluation With Frontal QRS-T Angle”. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory 16/4 (January 1, 2026): 637-643. https://doi.org/10.18663/tjcl.1837555.
JAMA 1.Avcı Demır F, Bingöl G, Arslan A, Demır M, Ozden Kayhan O, Ünlü S. Repolarisation Changes Associated with Serum Vitamin B12 Levels : Evaluation with Frontal QRS-T Angle. TJCL. 2026;16:637–643.
MLA Avcı Demır, Fulya, et al. “Repolarisation Changes Associated With Serum Vitamin B12 Levels : Evaluation With Frontal QRS-T Angle”. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory, vol. 16, no. 4, Jan. 2026, pp. 637-43, doi:10.18663/tjcl.1837555.
Vancouver 1.Avcı Demır F, Bingöl G, Arslan A, Demır M, Ozden Kayhan O, Ünlü S. Repolarisation Changes Associated with Serum Vitamin B12 Levels : Evaluation with Frontal QRS-T Angle. TJCL [Internet]. 2026 Jan. 1;16(4):637-43. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA85LN22HB