The Importance of Fatty Acid Composition Changes in Terms of Cardiovascular Diseases

Abstract

In this review, information such as the structure, nomenclature, classification and physiological effects of fatty acids have been given initially, and then studies investigating the association between fatty acids and cardiovascular diseases have been examined. Fatty acids that are involved in the structure of lipids and cell membranes and take part in many metabolic pathways as well as being an energy source for the body are biological compounds that have important physiological activities. These compounds can be taken by diet or some of them can be synthesized from the precursors in the body. Enzyme activities involved in fatty acid metabolism and variation of food consumption according to factors such as culture, religion, geography and climate affect the fatty acid profile. The biological activities of fatty acids differ according to the type of fatty acids. For this reason, changes in the fatty acid profile become important for the health-disease situation and the association between fatty acid composition and the diseases is established. Biological samples such as adipose tissue, erythrocyte cell membrane, plasma and serum are used in order to determine this composition. Fatty acid measurement processes are generally carried out by gas chromatography. The activities of enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism can be estimated by the indexes obtained from the measured values. Current data indicate that changes in the fatty acid composition are associated with many diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases, and have the potential to be used as biomarkers. However, this association has not been fully clarified. Therefore, new studies that research especially the entire fatty acid profile by taking advantage of current technological methods remain important.

Keywords

• fatty acids
• cardiovascular diseases
• biomarkers

Yağ asidi kompozisyon değişikliklerinin kalp damar hastalıkları açısından önemi

Abstract

Bu derlemede ilk olarak; yağ asitlerinin yapısı, adlandırması, sınıflandırması ve fizyolojik etkileri gibi bilgiler verilmiş, sonrasında yağ asitleri ile kalp-damar hastalıkları arasındaki ilişkiyi araştıran çalışmalar irdelenmiştir. Yağ asitleri, yağların ve hücre zarının yapısına katılan, vücut için enerji kaynağı görevi üstlenmelerinin yanı sıra birçok metabolik yolakta yer alan, önemli fizyolojik işlevlere sahip biyolojik bileşiklerdir. Bu bileşikler diyetle alınabildiği gibi bir kısmı da vücutta öncül maddelerden sentezlenebilmektedir. Kültür, din, coğrafya, iklim gibi faktörlere göre besin tüketim şeklinin değişkenlik göstermesi ve yağ asidi metabolizmalarında görev alan enzimlerin aktiviteleri yağ asidi kompozisyonunu etkilemektedir. Yağ asitlerinin biyolojik etkileri, yağ asidi türüne göre farklılık gösterir. Bu nedenle, yağ asidi profilindeki değişiklikler, sağlık-hastalık durumu için değerli hale gelmekte ve yağ asidi kompozisyonu ile hastalıklar arasında ilişki kurulmaktadır. Bu kompozisyonun belirlenmesinde yağ dokusu, eritrosit hücre zarı, plazma ve serum gibi biyolojik örnekler kullanılmaktadır. Yağ asidi ölçüm işlemleri genellikle gaz kromatografisi yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilir. Ölçülen değerler kullanılarak oluşturulan indekslerle yağ asidi metabolizmasında görev alan enzimlerin aktiviteleri hesaplanır. Mevcut veriler, yağ asidi kompozisyonundaki değişikliklerin, özellikle kalp damar hastalıkları olmak üzere birçok kronik hastalık patolojisi ile ilişkili olduğunu ve biyobelirteç olarak kullanılma potansiyeli taşıdığını işaret etmektedir. Ancak, bu ilişki tam olarak aydınlatılamamıştır. Bu nedenle, güncel teknolojik yöntemlerden faydalanılarak özellikle tüm yağ asidi profilinin araştırıldığı yeni çalışmalar önemini korumaktadır.

Keywords

• kalp-damar hastalıkları
• yağ asidi kompozisyonu
• biyobelirteç

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