Gender and age differences in antihypertensive drug use and blood pressure control

Year 2024, Volume: 15 Issue: 4, 626 - 632, 31.12.2024

Ahmet Kıvrak , Veysel Ozan Tanık

https://doi.org/10.18663/tjcl.1599295

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the impact of gender on antihypertensive treatment patterns and blood pressure (BP) control in hypertensive patients.
Material and Methods: This retrospective study included 918 hypertensive patients (mean age: 56.5 ± 12.3 years; 530 men, 388 women) under antihypertensive treatment, including diuretics, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers (CCB), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB). BP control was defined as systolic and diastolic BP being <140/90 mmHg during the 6-month follow-up. Antihypertensive medications and BP control were compared between genders, and subgroup analyses were performed based on age groups.
Results: In the general population, BP control did not show a significant difference between genders. ACE inhibitors were prescribed more frequently to men (45.7% vs. 33.5%, p < 0.001), while women were more likely to receive monotherapy (24.2% vs. 19.6%, p < 0.05). Women showed better BP control with diuretics than men (46.6% vs. 34.1%, p = 0.037), and monotherapy was more effective in women than in men (38.3% vs. 23.1%, p = 0.020). Younger women (18–44 years) using calcium channel blockers (CCBs) demonstrated superior BP control compared to men in the same age group (41.2% vs. 31.3%, p = 0.042). Other antihypertensive drugs showed no significant gender- and age-related differences in their effect on BP control.
Conclusion: Gender-based differences were observed in antihypertensive treatment patterns and BP control. Women showed better BP control with monotherapy and specific drug classes like diuretics and CCBs in younger populations. These findings highlight the importance of gender-specific strategies in hypertension management to optimize outcomes.

Keywords

Antihypertensive drugs, blood pressure, gender, hypertension

Antihipertansif ilaç kullanımı ve kan basıncı kontrolünde cinsiyet ve yaş farklılıkları

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, hipertansif hastalarda antihipertansif tedavi modelleri ve kan basıncı (KB) kontrolü üzerindeki cinsiyet etkisini araştırmayı amaçlamıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu retrospektif çalışmaya, antihipertansif tedavi alan 918 hipertansif hasta (ortalama yaş: 56,5 ± 12,3 yıl; 530 erkek, 388 kadın) dahil edilmiştir. Tedavi, diüretikler, beta blokerler, kalsiyum kanal blokerleri (CCB), anjiyotensin dönüştürücü enzim inhibitörleri (ACEI) ve anjiyotensin reseptör blokerlerini (ARB) içerdi. Kan basıncı kontrolü, 6 aylık takip süresince sistolik ve diyastolik KB’nin <140/90 mmHg olması olarak tanımlandı. Antihipertansif ilaçlar ve kan basıncı kontrolü, cinsiyetler arasında karşılaştırılmış ve yaş gruplarına göre alt grup analizleri yapıldı.
Bulgular: Genel popülasyonda, BP kontrolü cinsiyetler arasında anlamlı bir fark göstermedi. ACE inhibitörleri erkeklere daha sık reçete edilirken (%45,7'ye karşı %33,5, p < 0,001), kadınların monoterapi alma olasılığı daha yüksekti (%24,2'ye karşı %19,6, p < 0,05). Kadınlar diüretiklerle erkeklerden daha iyi BP kontrolü gösterdi (%46,6'ya karşı %34,1, p = 0,037) ve monoterapi kadınlarda erkeklerden daha etkiliydi (%38,3'e karşı %23,1, p = 0,020). Kalsiyum kanal blokerleri (KKB) kullanan daha genç kadınlar (18-44 yaş), aynı yaş grubundaki erkeklere kıyasla üstün BP kontrolü gösterdi (%41,2'ye karşı %31,3, p = 0,042). Diğer antihipertansif ilaçlar BP kontrolü üzerindeki etkilerinde anlamlı cinsiyet ve yaşla ilgili farklılıklar göstermedi.
Sonuçlar: Antihipertansif tedavi modelleri ve KB kontrolü üzerinde cinsiyete dayalı farklılıklar gözlenmiştir. Kadınlar, monoterapi ve diüretikler veya genç yaş grubunda CCB gibi belirli ilaç sınıflarıyla daha iyi KB kontrolü sağlamıştır. Bu bulgular, hipertansiyon yönetiminde cinsiyete özgü stratejilerin benimsenmesinin sonuçları optimize etmek için önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

Antihipertansif ilaçlar, cinsiyet, hipertansiyon, kan basıncı.

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