DETERMINATION OF YIELD AND ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF DIFFERENT LEMON BALM (Melissa officinalis L.) GENOTYPES

Abstract

This study was conducted in 2015 and 2016 in Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Agriculture, Field Crops Department experimental field. The aim of this study was to determine the performance of yield and quality of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) populations obtained from the natural vegetations of different provinces of Turkey at ecological conditions of Eskisehir. The study was designed in the Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. As plant materials, eleven populations gathered from Tokat-2 (Geyraz), Burdur, Bilecik, Ankara, Malatya, USA, Bursa, Germany, Tokat-1 (Erbaa), Tokat-3 (Resadiye) and Kutahya were used in the study. In the study, plant height, fresh herb yield, dry herb yield, dry leaf yield, essential oil content and essential oil yield values of genotypes were determined. The determined values varied between 34.22-55.38 cm, 17.66-29.18 t ha-1, 3.75-7.23 t ha-1, 2.46-4.53 t ha-1, 0.06-0.24% and 2.88-17.14 l ha-1, respectively. GC/MS analyzes in lemon balm samples revealed that geranial, neral, β-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide were the main components in all of the samples.

Keywords

• Different plant populations
• essential oil content and composition
• lemon balm
• Melissa officinalis L.
• yield.

References

1. Abdellatif, F., H. Boudjella, A. Zitouni and A. Hassani. 2014. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil from Leaves of Algerian Melissa officinalis L. EXCLI Journal 13:772-781. Acikgoz, M.A. and S.M. Kara. 2020. Morphogenetic, Ontogenetic and Diurnal Variability in Content and Constituents of Bitter Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Miller var. vulgare) Essential Oil. KSU J. Agric. Nat. 23 (1): 127-134. DOI: 10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.596542.
2. Adinee, J., K. Piri and O. Karami. 2009. Essential Oil Composition of Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.) Leaves Grown in Hamadan Province, Iran. Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology 3(Special Issue 1):58-60. Global Science Books.
3. Alina, V.R., C. Muresan, S. Muste, V. Muresan, G. Petrut and A.E. Muresan. 2016. A Comprehensive Review About Therapeutic Qualities of Essential Oil Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Hop and Medicinal Plants 1-2:16-23.
4. Anonymous, 2016a. Data were taken from Eskisehir Regional Meteorological Service.
5. Anonymous, 2016b. The analyze was carried out in Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Agriculture, Soil Analysis Laboratory.
6. Arabaci, O. 1989. Research on Yield and Ontogenetic Variability in Some Parfum Plants (Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Melissa officinalis L., Salvia sclarea L.). Master Thesis. Bornova-Izmir (in Turkish).
7. Bahmani, K., D.A. Izadi, D.F. Alfekaiki and M. Sticklen. 2016. Phytochemical Diversity of Fennel Landraces from Various Growth Types and Origins. Agronomy Research 14(5): 1530-1547.
8. Baser, K.H.C., T. Ozek, N. Kirimer and G. Tumen. 2004. A comparative study of the essential oil of wild and cultivated Satureja hortensis L. Journal of Essential Oil Research 16(5): 422-424.

9. Baytop, T. 1999. Treatment with plants in Turkey (Past and Present). s: 307. Addition Second Edition, Istanbul University Publications, ISBN:975-420-021-1 (in Turkish).
10. Bhardwaj, S., S. Rashmi and V. Parcha. 2019. Effect of Seasonal Variation on Chemical Composition and Physicochemical Properties of Hedychium spicatum Rhizomes Essential Oil. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants DOI: 10.1080/0972060X.2019.1703828
11. Bruni, R. and G. Sacchetti. 2009. Factors Affecting Polyphenol Biosynthesis in Wild and Field Grown St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L. Hypericaceae/Guttiferae). Molecules 14: 682-725. DOI:10.3390/molecules14020682.
12. Ceylan, A. 1997. Medical Plants-II. (Essential Oil Plants). Ege University Faculty of Agriculture Publications No: 481 (in Turkish).
13. Ceylan, A., E. Bayram and N. Ozay. 1994. Melissa officinalis L. Research on agronomic and technological features of (Lemon balm). Turkish Journal of Agriculture & Forestry 18(2):125-130 (in Turkish).
14. Chwil, M., R. Nurzyńska-Wierdak, S. Chwil, R. Matraszek and J. Neugebauerová. 2016. Histochemistry and Micromorphological Diversity of Glandular Trichomes in Melissa officinalis L. Leaf Epidermis. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus 15(3):153-172.
15. Dirmenci, T. 2012. Melissa L. in A. Guner (ed.) Turkey Plant List (Vascular Plants) Book. ANG Foundation, İstanbul (in Turkish).
16. Duzgunes, O., T. Kesici, O. Kavuncu and F. Gurbuz. 1987. Research and Experiment Methods (Statistical Methods II). Ankara University Faculty of Agriculture Publications: 1021. Textbook, 295s (in Turkish).
17. Hounsome, N., B. Hounsome, D. Tomos and G. Edwards-Jones. 2008. Plant Metabolites and Nutritional Quality of Vegetables. Journal of Food Science 73(4):48-65.
18. Kacar, O., E. Goksu and N. Azkan. 2010. Effect of Different Plant Densities on Some Agricultural Characteristics in Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.) Cultivation. Journal of Uludag University Faculty of Agriculture 24: 59-71 (in Turkish).
19. Katar, D. and B. Gurbuz. 2008. Effect of Different Plant Density and Nitrogen Doses on Drug Leaf Yield and Some Properties in Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Journal of Agricultural Sciences 14(1):78-81 (in Turkish). Katar, N., D. Katar, R. Temel, S. Karakurt, I. Bolatkıran, E. Yıldız and A. Soltanbeigi. 2019. The effect of different harvest dates on the yield and quality properties of rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis L. plant. Biological Diversity and Conservation 12(3):7-13. DOI: 10.5505/biodicon.2019.29292.
20. Mammadov, R. 2014. Secondary Metabolites in Seed Plants. Nobel Academic Publishing, Document No:841, Ankara (in Turkish).
21. Mencherini, T., P. Picerno, C. Scesa and R. Aquino. 2007. Triterpene, antioxidant, and antimicrobial compounds from Melissa officinalis. Journal of Natural Products 70: 1889-1894.
22. Moradkhani, H., E. Sargsyan, H. Bibak, B. Naseri, M. Sadat-Hosseini, A. Fayazi-Barjin and H. Meftahizade. 2010. Melissa officinalis L., a valuable medicine plant: A review. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 4(25): 2753-2759. Moradpour, M., S.H. Ghoran and J. Asghari. 2017. Phytochemical investigation of Melissa officinalis L. flowers from Northern part of Iran (Kelardasht). Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies 5(3): 176-181.
23. Ozyigit, Y., E. Ucar, B. Tutuncu, I. Indibi and K. Turgut. 2016. The Effect of Different Nitrogen Doses on Yield and Some Yield Components of Melissa officinalis subsp. L. altissima (Sibthr. et Smith) Arcang. Turk J. Agric. Res. 3: 139-144. DOI: 10.19159/tutad.79496.
24. Reily, K. 2013. On farm and fresh produce management (Part II, p:198-234). in B.K. Tiwari, Brunton, N.P. and Brennan, C.S. (ed.) Handbook of Plant Food Phytochemicals Sources, Stability and Extraction, ISBN 978-1-4443-3810-2 (hardback: alk. Paper), this edition first published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK.
25. Vaverková, S., I. Mistríková and P. Farka. 2012. Qualitative properties of Melissa officinalis after the application of Rastim 30 DKV. Botanica SERBICA 36(2):81-84. Zeybek, N. 1987. Drugs exported from İzmir. V. Herbal Medicine Raw Materials Meeting Proceedings Book, pp:59-54, Ankara (in Turkish).