Research Article

Yield Stability and Multi-Trait Evaluation of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivars Across Mediterranean-Type Environments in Türkiye

Volume: 31 Number: 2 October 8, 2026

Yield Stability and Multi-Trait Evaluation of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivars Across Mediterranean-Type Environments in Türkiye

Abstract

Genotype × environment interaction (GEI) is a major constraint on reliable cultivar recommendation in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), particularly across environments that contrast in temperature, rainfall, and crop duration. In this study, the magnitude and structure of GEI were characterized in six groundnut genotypes, comprising five cultivars registered before the trials and Ayşehanım (G3), an unregistered test genotype in 2016–2017 that was registered in 2018; genotypes combining high mean performance with stability were identified; and the cultivars closest to a multi-trait ideotype were examined, as a panel-specific decision aid, under the Mediterranean-type conditions of three Turkish production areas (Adana, Antalya, and Manisa). The cultivars were evaluated across six environments (three locations × two years, 2016–2017; each location × year combination treated as a macro-environment) in a randomized complete block design with four replications, and seven phenological, agronomic, and quality traits were recorded. Data were analyzed by combined analysis of variance and by AMMI, GGE biplot, WAASB/WAASBY, BLUP, and MGIDI; given heterogeneous error variances among environments, genotype BLUPs were obtained from a mixed model with environment-specific residual variances, and the homogeneous-variance model was retained as a sensitivity analysis. Environment and GEI were highly significant for all traits (p < 0.01). For seed yield, environment accounted for 64.1% of the variation, whereas GEI (22.4%) surpassed the genotype effect (13.5%); within the environmental term, the location × year interaction (28.8%) exceeded both location (19.6%) and year (15.7%), indicating location-specific year responses. WAASBY, BLUP, and GGE consistently identified Sultan (6483 kg ha⁻¹) and Halisbey (6369 kg ha⁻¹) as the highest-yielding cultivars with acceptable stability across the six tested environments, whereas the exploratory MGIDI analysis ranked NC-7 and Ayşehanım nearest the ideotype. The two criteria favored distinct cultivars, with higher seed yield and lower shelling percentage forming a descriptive pattern among the leading cultivars rather than an established relationship between the traits. These results indicate that GEI, rather than mean yield alone, governed cultivar performance in this trial network, and suggest a complementary framework for regional evaluations of this scale in which WAASBY/BLUP and GGE guide yield–stability assessment and MGIDI supports multi-trait screening. Cultivar recommendations are provisional and require validation under current climatic and management conditions.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval and informed consent: Not applicable. The study involved field evaluation of registered plant cultivars and did not involve humans, identifiable human data, or animals.

Thanks

The authors thank the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of the Republic of Türkiye and the Ankara Variety Registration and Seed Certification Center Directorate for their support of this study.

References

  1. Behera, P. P., Singode, A., Bhat, B. V., & Sarma, R. (2024). Selection of high yielding stable forage sorghum genotypes using WAASB and MGIDI methods. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 84(2), 224–231. https://doi.org/10.31742/ISGPB.84.2.10
  2. Bomma, N., Shruthi, H. B., Soregaon, C. D., Gaddameedi, A., Suma, K., Pranati, J., Chandappa, L. H., Patil, D. K., Kumar, N., Sandeep, S., Vemula, A., & Gangashetty, P. I. (2024). Multi-environment testing for G × E interactions and identification of high-yielding, stable, medium-duration pigeonpea genotypes employing AMMI, GGE biplot and YREM analyses. Frontiers in Plant Science, 15, 1396826. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1396826
  3. Debnath, P., Chakma, K., Bhuiyan, M. S. U., Thapa, R., Pan, R., & Akhter, D. (2024). A novel multi-trait genotype–ideotype distance index (MGIDI) for genotype selection in plant breeding: Application, prospects and limitations. Crop Design, 3, 100074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropd.2024.100074
  4. de Oliveira Neto, S. S., Zeffa, D. M., Freiria, G. H., Zoz, T., da Silva, C. J., Zanotto, M. D., Sobrinho, R. L., Alamri, S. A., Okla, M. K., & AbdElgawad, H. (2022). Adaptability and stability of safflower genotypes for oil production. Plants, 11(5), 708. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11050708
  5. Esan, V. I., Oke, G. O., Ogunbode, T. O., & Obisesan, I. A. (2023). AMMI and GGE biplot analyses of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc.) for agronomic performances under three environmental conditions. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 997429. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.997429
  6. FAOSTAT. (2025). Crops and livestock products [Data set]. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved August 8, 2026, from https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL
  7. Gangadhara, K., Ajay, B. C., Kona, P., Rani, K., Kumar, N., & Bera, S. K. (2023). Performance of some early-maturing groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes and selection of high-yielding genotypes in the potato-fallow system. PLoS ONE, 18(4), e0282438. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282438
  8. Gauch, H. G. (2013). A simple protocol for AMMI analysis of yield trials. Crop Science, 53(5), 1860–1869. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2013.04.0241

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Agronomy, Industrial Crops

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

October 8, 2026

Submission Date

August 9, 2026

Acceptance Date

October 7, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 31 Number: 2

APA
Yaşar, M., Sezgin, M., & Seydoşoğlu, S. (2026). Yield Stability and Multi-Trait Evaluation of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivars Across Mediterranean-Type Environments in Türkiye. Turkish Journal Of Field Crops, 31(2). https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.2014074
AMA
1.Yaşar M, Sezgin M, Seydoşoğlu S. Yield Stability and Multi-Trait Evaluation of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivars Across Mediterranean-Type Environments in Türkiye. TJFC. 2026;31(2). doi:10.17557/tjfc.2014074
Chicago
Yaşar, Mustafa, Mehmet Sezgin, and Seyithan Seydoşoğlu. 2026. “Yield Stability and Multi-Trait Evaluation of Groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Cultivars Across Mediterranean-Type Environments in Türkiye”. Turkish Journal Of Field Crops 31 (2). https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.2014074.
EndNote
Yaşar M, Sezgin M, Seydoşoğlu S (October 1, 2026) Yield Stability and Multi-Trait Evaluation of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivars Across Mediterranean-Type Environments in Türkiye. Turkish Journal Of Field Crops 31 2
IEEE
[1]M. Yaşar, M. Sezgin, and S. Seydoşoğlu, “Yield Stability and Multi-Trait Evaluation of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivars Across Mediterranean-Type Environments in Türkiye”, TJFC, vol. 31, no. 2, Oct. 2026, doi: 10.17557/tjfc.2014074.
ISNAD
Yaşar, Mustafa - Sezgin, Mehmet - Seydoşoğlu, Seyithan. “Yield Stability and Multi-Trait Evaluation of Groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Cultivars Across Mediterranean-Type Environments in Türkiye”. Turkish Journal Of Field Crops 31/2 (October 1, 2026). https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.2014074.
JAMA
1.Yaşar M, Sezgin M, Seydoşoğlu S. Yield Stability and Multi-Trait Evaluation of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivars Across Mediterranean-Type Environments in Türkiye. TJFC. 2026;31. doi:10.17557/tjfc.2014074.
MLA
Yaşar, Mustafa, et al. “Yield Stability and Multi-Trait Evaluation of Groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Cultivars Across Mediterranean-Type Environments in Türkiye”. Turkish Journal Of Field Crops, vol. 31, no. 2, Oct. 2026, doi:10.17557/tjfc.2014074.
Vancouver
1.Mustafa Yaşar, Mehmet Sezgin, Seyithan Seydoşoğlu. Yield Stability and Multi-Trait Evaluation of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivars Across Mediterranean-Type Environments in Türkiye. TJFC. 2026 Oct. 1;31(2). doi:10.17557/tjfc.2014074

Turkish Journal of Field Crops is published by the Society of Field Crops Science and issued twice a year.
Owner : Prof. Dr. Behçet KIR
Ege University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops
Editor in Chief : Prof. Dr. Emre ILKER
Address : 848 sok. 2. Beyler İşhanı No:72, Kat:3 D.313 35000 Konak-Izmir, TURKEY
Email :  turkishjournaloffieldcrops@gmail.com contact@field-crops.org