LEAF PERFORMANCES OF CASSAVA GENOTYPES IN DIFFERENT SEASONS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH BIOMASS

Abstract

Information on leaf performances in different growing seasons of cassava could help achieve the recommendation regarding suitable cassava genotypes for particular planting date and a new plant type to improve cassava productivity. The objective of this study was to investigate leaf growth habit and biomass of the four cassava genotypes grown under irrigated condition in different growing seasons. The four cassava genotypes, i.e., Kasetsart 50, Rayong 9, Rayong 11 and CMR38-125-77 were grown at 30 June 2015 and 20 May 2016 and 3 November 2016 at Khon Kaen University, Thailand. A Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications was used for each planting date. Data recorded were leaf life, fallen leaf ratio, leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), storage root dry weight, total crop dry weight, harvest index (HI) and daily weather data. The results indicated that greater values of leaf life during 180 days after planting (DAP), LAD during 180-270 DAP, and LAI at 270 DAP appeared to associate with higher temperature. A combination of LAI at 180 DAP, leaf life during 90 and 180 DAP and fallen leaf ratio for 90 and 180 DAP was related to total biomass, while storage root dry weight was associated with a combination of LAI at 180 and 270 DAP and fallen leaf ratio for 90 and 180 DAP. CMR38-125-77 produced high total biomass and storage root dry weight at 270 DAP with possessing high LAI at 180 DAP.

Keywords

• Dry weight,fallen leaf ratio,leaf area duration,leaf area index,leaf life,temperature

Supporting Institution

National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand

Thanks

This study was supported by National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand. Assistance in conducting the work was also received from Agronomy Department and the Plant Breeding Research Center for Sustainable Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.

References

1. Alves, A.A.C. 2002. Cassava Botany and Physiology. In: Cassava: Biology, Production and Utilization, ed. Hillocks, R.J., Thresh, J.M. and Bellotti, A.C., 67-89, CABI Publishing, New York, USA.
2. Analytical Software. 2013. Statistix 10. Analytical Software, Florida, USA.
3. An, D., J. Yong and P. Zhang. 2012. Transcriptome profiling of low temperature-treated cassava apical shoots showed dynamic responses of tropical plant to cold stress. BMC Genomics. 13: 64.
4. Anonymous. 2008. Good Agricultural Practices for Cassava. National Bureau of Agricultural Commodity and Food Standards Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Thailand.
5. Cock, J.H. 1984. Cassava. In: The Physiology of Tropical Field Crops, ed. Goldsworthy, P.R. and Fisher, N.M., 529-550, Wiley, Chichester, UK.
6. Cock, J.H., D. Franklin, G. Sandoval and P. Juri. 1979. The ideal cassava plant for maximum yield. Crop Sci. 19 (2): 271-279. De Tafur, S.M., M.A. El-Sharkawy and F. Calle. 1997. Photosynthesis and yield performance of cassava in seasonally dry and semiarid environments. Photosynthetica. 33: 249-257.
7. Duque, L.O. and T.L. Setter. 2013. Cassava response to water deficit in deep pots: root and shoot growth, ABA, and carbohydrate reserves in stems, leaves and storage roots. Trop. Plant Biol. 6: 199-209.
8. El-Sharkawy, M.A. 2003. Cassava biology and physiology. Plant Mol. Biol. 53: 621-641.

9. El-Sharkawy, M.A., A.D. Hernandez and C. Hershey. 1992. Yield stability of cassava during prolonged mid-season water stress. Exp. Agric. 28: 165-174. Freed, R.D. and O. Nissen. 1992. MSTAT-C Version 1.42. Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
10. Gomez, K.A. and A.A. Gomez. 1984. Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. John Wiley and Sons, New York, USA.
11. Haggblade, S., A.A. Djurfeldt, D.B. Nyirenda, J.B. Lodin, L. Brimer, M. Chiona, L. Chiwona-Karltun, C. Cuambe, M. Dolislager, C. Donovan, K. Droppelmann, M. Jirström, E. Kambewa, P. Kambewa, N.M. Mahungu, J. Mkumbira, J. Mudema, H. Nielson, M. Nyembe, V.A. Salegua, A. Tomo and M. Weber. 2012. Cassava commercialization in Southeastern Africa. J. Agribus. Dev. Emerg. Econ. 2: 4-40. Hortensteiner, S. and U. Feller. 2002. Nitrogen metabolism and remobilization during senescence. J. Exp. Bot. 53: 927-937.
12. Irikura, V., J.H. Cock and K. Kawano. 1979. The physiological basis of genotype-temperature interactions in cassava. Field Crops Res. 2: 227-239.
13. Jones, J.W., G. Hoogenboom, C.H. Porter, K.J. Boote, W.D. Batchelor, L.A. Hunt, P.W. Wilkens , U. Singh, A.J. Gijsman and J.T. Ritchie. 2003. The DSSAT cropping system model. Eur. J. Agron. 18: 235-265.
14. Kawano, K. 1990. Harvest index and evoluation of major food crop cultivars in the tropics. Euphytica. 46: 195-202.
15. Keating, B.A. and J.P. Evenson. 1979. Effect of soil temperature on sprouting and sprout elongation of stem cuttings of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.). Field Crops Res. 2: 241-251.
16. Keating, B.A., J.P. Evenson and S. Fukai. 1982a. Environmental effects on growth and development of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) I. Crop development. Field Crops Res. 5: 271-281.
17. Keating, B.A., J.P. Evenson and S. Fukai. 1982b. Environmental effects on growth and development of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) II. Crop growth rate and biomass yield. Field Crops Res. 5: 283-292.
18. Lahai, M.T., J.B. George and I.J. Ekanayake. 1999. Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) growth indices, root yield and its components in upland and inland valley ecologies of Sierra Leone. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 182: 239-247.
19. Lebot, V. 2009. Tropical Root and Tuber Crops: Cassava, Sweet Potato, Yam and Aroids. CABI, UK.
20. Lemoine, R., S.L. Camera, R. Atanassova, F. Dédaldéchamp, T. Allario, N. Pourtau, J. -L. Bonnemain, M. Laloi, P. Coutos-Thévenot, L. Maurousset, M. Faucher, C. Girousse, P. Lemonnier, J. Parrilla and M. Durand. 2013. Source-to-sink transport of sugar and regulation by environmental factors. Front Plant Sci. 4: 1-21.
21. Lenis, J.I., F. Calle, G. Jaramillo, J.C. Perez, H. Ceballos and J.H. Cock. 2006. Leaf retention and cassava productivity. Field Crops Res. 95: 126-134.
22. Ogola, J.B.O. and C. Mathews. 2011. Adaptation of cassava (Manihot esculenta) to the dry environments of Limpopo, South Africa: growth, yield and yield components. Afr. J. Agric. Res. 6: 6082-6088.
23. Page, W.W., J.R.W. Harris and A. Youdeowei. 1990. Defoliation and consequent crop loss in cassava caused by the grasshopper Zonocerus variegatus (L.) (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) in southern Nigeria. Bull. Entomol. Res. 70(1): 151-163.
24. Phuntupan, K. and P. Banterng. 2017. Physiological determinants of storage root yield in three cassava genotypes under different nitrogen supply. J. Agr. Sci., Cambridge. 155: 978-992.
25. Roychowdhury, S. 1995. Leaf area development in colocasia and its relationship with yield. Indian J. Plant Physiol. 4: 305-308.
26. Tan, S.L. and J.H. Cock. 1979. Branching habit as a yield determinant in cassava. Field Crops Res. 2: 281-289. Thomas, H. and C.M. Smart. 1993. Crops that stay green. Ann. Appl. Biol. 123: 193-219.