THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT HARVEST DATES ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF THE GOLDEN THISTLE (Scolymus hispanicus L.)

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the yield and quality characteristics of golden thistle (Scolymus hispanicus L.) harvested at different maturity stages. The trial was arranged in the Randomised Complete Block Design under the ecological conditions of Izmir, Turkey in 2017 and 2018 growing seasons and the plants were harvested from November to August at 10 monthly periods. Root lenght (cm), root yield (kg ha-1), root bark yield (kg ha-1), dry root bark yield (kg ha-1), root collar diameter (mm), root xylem diameter (mm), cortex thickness (mm), taraxasterol rate (%) taraxasterol acetate rate (%) were determined. The highest root and root cortex yields were obtained from the plants harvested in july, the average of two years as 19770.64 kg ha-1 and 6480.65 kg ha-1, respectively. The highest taraxasterol and taraxasterol acetate rates were obtained in May harvest as 0.042% and 0.015% in two years respectively.

Keywords

• Golden thistle,harvesting time,quality,yield

References

1. Abak, K. and A. Duzenli. 1989. Use of some wild plants as vegetables in Turkey. Acta Horticulturae. 242:107-114.
2. Anonymous, 2018. Meteorological Data of International Agricultural Research And Training Center, Menemen-Izmir. Baser, K. H. C. 1993. A Turkish herbal drug of 60 years Lityazol Cemil. TAB Journal. 7-8: 13-18.
3. Baytop, T. 1999. Healing With Plants in Turkey. University of Istanbul, Nobel Medical Bookstores, İstanbul.
4. Cicek F., M. Tutar, A. O. Sari and U. Karik. 2013. Determination of the favorable sowing time of golden thistle (Scolymus hispanicus L.) under the ecological conditions of Izmır Menemen. The Results Declaration Book of the 10th Congress of Turkey Field Crops. 3rd .Volume p:1076-1081.
5. Ertug, F. 2004. Wild edible plants of the Bodrum area (Mugla, Turkey). Turkish J. of Botany.. 28:161–174.
6. Esiyok, D. S. Otles and E. Akcicek. 2004. Herbs as a food source in Turkey. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 5:334-339.
7. Flyman, M.V. and A. J. Afolayan. 2006. The sustainability of wild vegetables for alleviating human dietary deficiencies. S. Afr. J. Bot. 72:492–497.
8. Guarrera, P. M. 2003. Food medicine and minor nourishment in the folk traditions of Central Italy (Marche, Abruzzo and Latium). Fitoterapia. 74:515–544.

9. Heidari, G., Y. Sohrabi and B. Esmailpoor. 2008. Influence of harvesting time on yield and yield components of sugar beet. J. agric. soc. sci.. 4:69–73.
10. Kirimer, N., Z. Tunalier, K. H. C. Baser and I. Cingi. 1997. Antispasmotic and spasmogenic effects of Scolymus hispanicus L. and taraxasteryl acetate on ileum preparations. Planta Medica. 63:556-558.
11. Lana, M. M. 2012. The effects of line spacing and harvest time on processing yield and root size of carrot for Cenourete® production. Hort. Bras.. 30:2.
12. Lentini, F. and F. Venza. 2007. Wild food plants of popular use in Sicily. J. Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 3:15.
13. Ozturk, O., A. Topal, F. Akinerdem and N. Akgun. 2008. Effects of sowing and harvesting dates on yield and some quality characteristics of crops in sugar beet/cereal rotation system. J. Sci. Food Agric. 88(1):141–150.
14. Paraskeva, D. and A. C. Hadjıchambia. 2006. An ethnobotanical survey of wild edible plants of Paphos and Larnaca countryside of Cyprus. J. Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2:34.
15. Pieroni, A., S. Nebel, C. Quavec, H. Munz and M. Heinrich. 2002. Ethnopharmacology of liakra: traditional weedy vegetables of the Arbereshe of the Vulture area in southern Italy. J. of Ethnopharmacology. 81:165-185.
16. Polo, S. J., T. Ainhoa, V. Burgo, M. Molina and M. P. Santayana. 2009. Knowledge, use and ecology of golden thistle (Scolymus hispanicus L.) in Central Spain. J. Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 5:42.
17. Salter, P.J., I. R. Currah and J. R. Fellows. 1980. Further studies on the effects of plant density, spatial arrangement and time of harvest on yield and root size in carrots. J. Agric. Soc. Sci. 94:465-478.
18. Sari, A. O., B. Oguz, A. Bilgic, N. Tort, A. Guvensen and G. Senol. 2010. Plants which are used as public drugs in Aegean and South Marmara. Anatolia. 20 (2):1-21.
19. Sari, A. O., M. Tutar, A. Bilgic, K. H. C. Baser, G. Ozek and M. Kosar. 2011. Cultivation and selection breeding of golden thistle (Scolymus hispanicus L.). Anatolia. 21(2):1–10.
20. Sefaoglu F., C. Kaya and A. Karakus. 2016. Determination of yield and yield characteristics of sugarbeet genotypes harvested on different dates. J. of Cent. Res. Inst. for Field Crops. 25 (2):61-66.
21. Steel, R.G.D. and Torrie, J.H. 1980. Principles and procedures of statistics. A biometrical approach, 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
22. Tardío, J., H. Pascual and R. Morales. 2005. Wild food plants traditionally used in the province of Madrid. Economic Botany. 59:122–136.
23. Tardío, J., M. P. Santayana and R. Morales. 2006. Ethnobotanical review of wild edible plants in Spain. Bot. J. of Lin. Soc.. 152:27–72.
24. Ugurlu, E. and O. Secmen. 2008. Medicinal plants popularly used in the villages of Yunt Mountain (ManisaTurkey). Fitoterapia. 79:126–131.
25. Z. Xuemei, X. Huanzhang and L. Liben. 2012. Effects of taraxasterol on inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. J. of Ethnopharmacology. 141(1):206-211.