EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS ON THE GRAIN YIELD AND SOME YIELD COMPONENTS OF QUINOA (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) UNDER MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

Year 2015, Volume: 20 Issue: 1, 59 - 64, 18.05.2015

Hakan Geren

https://doi.org/10.17557/.39586

Cited By: 34

Abstract

ABSTRACT

 

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), is a pseudo-cereal crop that has been cultivated in the Andean region in South America. The quinoa as a field crop has a great potential in the improvement of food for humans and animals even under the conditions of marginal lands. For getting high crop yields, nutrients in balanced amount are a basic requirement. Experiments were carried out at the Bornova experimental fields of Field Crops Dept. of Agriculture Fac., Ege Univ., Turkey during 2013 and 2014 main crop growing season in order to evaluate the effect of seven nitrogen levels (0, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 and 175 kg ha^-1) on the grain yield and some yield components of cultivar Q-52 of quinoa. Results indicated that the effects of nitrogen treatments and years on all characteristics tested were significant. Nitrogen level of 150 kg ha^-1 was proved to be the best level for nitrogen supplementation of soil for grain yield (2.95 t ha^-1) and crude protein content (16%) of quinoa under Mediterranean ecological conditions of Bornova.

 

Key words: quinoa, Chenopodium quinoa, nitrogen level, grain yield.

Keywords

quinoa, Chenopodium quinoa, nitrogen level, grain yield

The Organization of the United Nations for Food and Agriculture (FAO) has declared the year 2013 as the year

Abstract

References

• LITERATURE CITED
• Anonymus. 2013. Cereal’s of mother: Quinoa, Journal of Tubitak Sci. & Tech., June 2013, 547:34-35.
• Basra,S.M.A., S.Iqbal and I.Afzal. 2014. Evaluating the response of nitrogen application on growth, development and yield of quinoa genotypes, International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 16(5):886-892.
• Bertero,H.D., A.J.de la Vega, G.Correa, S.E.Jacobsen and A.Mujica. 2004. Genotype and genotype-by-environment interaction effects for grain yield and grain size of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) as revealed by pattern analysis of international multi-environment trials, Field Crops Research, 89:299–318.
• Bhargava,A., S.Shukla and D.Ohri. 2006. Chenopodium quinoa-An Indian perspective, Industrial Crops and Products, 23:73–87.
• Bhargava,A., S.Shukla and D.Ohri. 2007. Genetic variability and interrelationship among various morphological and quality traits in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), Field Crops Research, 101:104–116.
• Comai,S., A.Bertazzo, L.Bailoni, M.Zancato, C.V.L.Costa and G.Allegri. 2007. The content of proteic and nonproteic (free and protein bound) tryptophan in quinoa and cereal flours, Food Chem. 100:1350-1355.
• Doweidar,M.M. and A.S.Kamel. 2011. Using of quinoa for production of some bakery products (gluten-free), Egyptian J. Nutrition, 26(2):21-52.
• Erley,G.S., H.P.Kaul, M.Kruse and W.Aufhammer. 2005. Yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of the pseudocereals amaranth, quinoa, and buckwheat under differing nitrogen fertilization, European Journal of Agronomy. 22 (1): 95-100.
• Finck,A. 1982. Fertilizer and fertilization “Introduction and practical guide to crop fertilization”. Weinheim; Deerfield Beach, Florida; Basel: Verlag Chemie. ISBN 3-527-25891-4 (Weinheim).
• Gomaa,E.F. 2013. Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and biofertilizers on quinoa plant, Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 9(8):5210-5222.
• Ince Kaya,Ç. 2010, Effects of various irrigation strategies using fresh and saline water applied with drip irrigation system on yield of quinoa and salt accumulation in soil in the Mediterranean region and evaluation of saltmed model, MSc. Thesis, Çukurova Univ., Inst. of Natural and Applied Sci., Dept. of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation,122p.
• Jacobsen,S.E. 2003. The worldwide potential for quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), Food Rev. Int. 19(1–2):167–177.
• Jacobsen,S.E., I.Jørgensen and O.Stølen. 1994. Cultivation of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) under temperate climatic conditions in Denmark, J. Agrc. Sci. 122: 47-52.
• Kakabouki,I., D.Bilalis, A.Karkanis, G.Zervas, E.Tsiplakou and D.Hela. 2014. Effects of fertilization and tillage system on growth and crude protein content of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.): An alternative forage crop, Emir. J. Food Agric., 26(1):18-24.
• Kuhn,M., S.Wagner, W.Aufhammer, J.H.Lee, E.Kübler and H.Schreiber. 1996. Einfluß von pflanzenbaulicher Maßnahmen auf die Mineralstoffgehalte von Amaranth, Buchweizen, Reismelde und Hafer. Dt Lebensm Rundschau, 92:147-152.
• Miranda,M., A.Vega-Gálvez, E.A.Martínez, J.López, R.Marín, M.Aranda and F.Fuentes. 2013. Influence of contrasting environments on seed composition of two quinoa genotypes: Nutritional and functional properties, Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 73(2):108-116.
• Pearsall,D.M. 1992. The origins of plant cultivation in South America. In: C.W.Cowan, P.J.Watson (Eds.), The Origins of Agriculture. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington, DC, pp:173-205.
• Rea,J., M.Tapia and A.Mujica. 1979. Prácticas agronómicas. In: Quinoa y Kaňiwa, Cultivos Andinos, pp:83–120. Tapia,M., H.Gandarillas, S.Alandia, A.Cardozo and A.Mujica. (eds.). FAO, Rome, Italy.
• Rojas,W., P.Barriga and H.Figueroa. 2003. Multivariate analysis of genetic diversity of Bolivian quinoa germplasm. Food Rev. Int., 19:9–23.
• SAS Institute. 1998. INC SAS/STAT user’s guide release 7.0, Cary, NC, USA.
• Shams,A.S. 2012. Response of quinoa to nitrogen fertilizer rates under sandy soil conditions, Proc. 13th International Conf. Agron., Fac. of Agric., Benha Univ., Egypt, 9-10 September 2012, p:195-205.
• Simmonds,N.W. 1971. The breeding system of Chenopodium quinoa. I. Male Sterility, Heredity, 27:73-82.
• Stell,R.G.D., J.A.Torrie and D.A.Dickey. 1997. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. A.Biometrical Approach 3rd Edi. Mc Graw Hill Book. INC. NY.
• Thanapornpoonpong,S. 2004. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen assimilation and seed quality of amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd), Doctoral Dissertation, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Chemistry, Georg-August-University of Göttingen.