THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SOWING TIME AND HARVESTING HEIGHT ON HYDROCYANIC ACID CONTENT IN SOME SILAGE SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor L.) VARIETIES

Year 2017, Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 211 - 217, 15.12.2017

Mehmet Oten

https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.356224

Cited By: 4

Abstract

The objective of this experiment was to determine the hydrocyanic acid (HCN) levels that have poisonous effects on animals, in 4 different sorghum and 1 sudangrass species, which were developed by Batı Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute and widely used in our country. Experiments were carried out in experimental fields of institute during 2014 and 2015 growing seasons. Rox, Leoti, Early Sumac and Nes sorghum varieties with Gozde 80 sudangrass variety were cultivated as May-June and June-July planted crops in a randomized block design with three replications. Plants were harvested when they reached 40, 80 and 120 cm heights and they were extracted in order to determine HCN contents. The analysis of variance indicated that there were significant differences in terms of HCN content in all varieties. The HCN levels of varieties were determined in Gozde 80, Early Sumac, Nes, Leoti and Rox in descending order. In the first year, the highest HCN level was determined in Early Sumac variety with 40 cm harvesting height at the first sowing time, the lowest level was determined in Gozde 80 variety with 120 cm harvesting height at the second sowing time. In the second year, the highest HCN level was determined in Gozde 80 variety with 40 cm harvesting height at the first sowing time, the lowest HCN level was determined in Early Sumac variety with 120 cm harvesting height at the second sowing time. At the end of the experiment, the highest HCN content was found at the first sowing time with 40 cm harvesting height.

Keywords

Harvesting height, Hydrocyanic acid, Silage sorghum, Sowing time

References

• Acıkgoz, E. 2001. Forage Plants. VIPAS Publication number 58, 584 p. Bursa.
• FAO. 2017. Agricultural Statistics Database. Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations, http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/data/QC Accessed date: 02 Fabruary 2017.
• AL-Sultan, S.I. 2003. Sorghum halepenses and its cyanide content. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition (PJN). 2: 3 123-124,
• Aziz-Abdel, T.K. and M.A.S. Abdel-Gwad. 2008. Yield and quality of tunis grass as affected by plant height at cutting and N fertilizer. Animal Agric. Sci. 53: 157-169.
• Baytekin, H., V. Tansı and T. Saglamtimur. 1996. The effect on amount of seed on hay yield and some agricultural characteristics of the silage sorghum varieties as second crop in Harran Plain in wet conditions. VII. Field Crops Congress in Turkey. Erzurum, 1: 753-760.
• Bahrani, M.J. and A.D. Ghenateghestani, 2004. Summer forage sorghum yield, protein and prussic acid contents as affected by plant density and nitrogen top dressing. J. Agric. Sci. Technol., 6: 73‒83
• Cecen, S., M. Oten and C. Erdurmus. 2005. Assesment of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) as second crop in the Coastal Region of West Mediterranean Belt of Turkey. Mediterr Agric Sci. 18:3 337-341.
• Duzguneş, O., T. Kesici and F. Gunduz. 1987. Research and Trial Methods. Ankara University Faculty of Agriculture, Publication number: 1021 Textbook 295 Ankara.
• Gul, I. and H. Baytekin. 1999. Investigation of yield and yield properties in silage sorghum, sorghumxsorghum sudangrass hybrids and sudangrass varieties as second crop in Diyarbakır wet conditions. VII. Field Crops Congress in Turkey, Adana. 3: 166-171.
• Haque, R.M. and J.H. Bradbury. 2001. The total cyanide determination of plants and foods using the pictrate and acid hydrolysis methods. J. Food Chem. 17: 107-114.
• Isakov, Y. I. and K. I. Basova. 1973. Contents of hydrocyanic acid in fresh fodder of sorghum. Trudy, Donskoi Zonal' nyi Institut Sel' skogo Khozyaistva 6: 28-29.
• Karadas, S. 2008. Determinatıon to yield and some yield component of sorgum sudangrass as second crops in different row spacing. Selcuk University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Konya, Master's Thesis. 18-42.
• Koch, D.W. and S. Paisley. 2002. Managing forages to minimize nitrate poisoning. Univ. of Wyoming Cooperative Extension Publ. B-1122.7.
• Lambert, L.J., J. Ramasamy and J.V. Paukstelis. 1975. Stable reagents for the colorimetric determination of cyanide by modified König Reaction. Anal Chem 47: 916-918.
• Langer, R.H.M. and G.D. Hill. 1982. Agricultural Plants. Published by Cambridge University Press (1982) ISBN 10: 0521224500 ISBN 13: 9780521224505.
• Lang, B. 2001. Sudan/Sorghum forage management. Iowa State Unıversıty. University Extension. Fact Sheet BL-50, June 2001
• McGinty, D.D. 1972. Sorghum in Animal Nutrition, Oxfort and IBH Publishing Co. 461-481.
• Mulayim, M., A. Ozkose and S. IIık. 2009. Determination of yield and some agricultural characteristics on sorghum x hybrid cultivars in Konya conditions. VIII. Field Crops Congress in Turkey. Hatay 1: 627-630.
• Okuyucu, F. 1975. Die reaktion von verschidenen sorghum sorten (Sorghum dochna Forsk. ‘snowden’) Auf tageslange und temperatur und deren auswirkungen auf die leistungsfahigkeit unter differenzierten klimabdingungen. Diss. Univ. Giessen.
• Oten, M. and S. Cakmakcı. 2010. Determination of optimum seed sowing time for six different sorghum cultivars in purpose of silage production in Mediterrenean Coastline. Second Interneetional Symposium on Sustainable Development. June 8-9, 2010, Sarajevo. 1: 464 - 467
• Pholsen, S. and N. Somsungnoen. 2004. Effect of nitrogen and potassium rates and planting distances on growth, yield and fodder quality of a forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Pak J Biol Sci. 7:10 1793-1800.
• Pirincci, I. and S. Tanyıldızı. 1994. Determination of HCN levels in feeds. J. Vet. Sci. 10:1-2 84-89.
• Sarfraz. M., N. Ahmad, U. Farooq, A. Ali and K. Hussain. 2012. Evaluation of sorghum varieties/lines for hydrocyanic acid and crude protein contents Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan. J. Agric. Res., 2012, 50(1) SAS Institute. 1998. INC SAS/STAT users’ guide release 7.0, Cary, NC, USA.
• Satpal, Duhan, B.S., U.N. Joshı, A. S. Godara, S. Arya and Neelam. 2015. Response of yield, quality and economics of single cut forage sorghum genotypes to different nitrogen and phosphorus levels. Forage Res. 41: 3 170-175
• Shaug, S.P. 1990. Studies on inheritance of hydrocyanic acid potential in forage sorghum. The variation and maternal effect of hydrocyanic acid potential in forage sorghum. J. Taiwan Livestock Res. 23:1 41-50.
• Sher, A., M. Ansar, F.U. Hassan, G. Shabbir and M.A. Malik. 2012. Hydrocyanic acid contents variation amongst sorghum cultivars grown with varying seed rates and nitrogen levels. Int. J. Agric. Biol., 14: 720-726
• Sotomajor Rios, A. and S. Torres Cardona. 1984. Agronomic performance, hyrocyanic acid potential (HCN) and heterosis in forage sorghum hybrids. J Agric Univ Puerto Rico 68:2 131-141.
• Soya, H. 1999. Cultivation of fodder crops as a second yield. Meadow management and breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, General Directorate of Agricultural Production and Development, Ankara, 93-103.
• Torres-Cardon, S., A. Sotomajor-Rios and L. Telek. 1983. Agronomic performance and hydrocyanic acid potential (HCN-p) of single and three-way sorghum-forage hybrids and DeKalb hybrid SX-17. J Agric Univ PR 67:1 39-49.
• Tugay, M. 2009. The effects of tillage and non-tillage on yield and quality of sorghum as second crops. Selçuk University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Field Crops. Master's Thesis. 20-53.
• Tusuz, M., N. Polat., F. Unal., G. Aydemir ve M. Ates. 1984. Silage sorghum cultivation in second crops. Publishing Project, Publications of Specialist, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, General Directorate of Agricultural Production and Development.
• Wheeler, J. L., C. Mulcahy., J.J. Walcott and G.G. Rapp. 1990. Factors affecting the hydrogen cyanide potential of forage sorghum. Australian J. Agric. Res 41: 1093-1100.
• Vickery, P.J., J.L. Wheeler and C. Mulcahy. 1987. Factors affecting the hydrogen cynide potential of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) Aus. J. Agri. Res., 38: 1053-9.
• Williams, M.C. and L.F. James. 1983. Effects of herbicides on the concentration of poisonous compounds in plants: a review. Am. J. Vet. Res. 44: 2420-2.
• Yılmaz, I. and I. Hosaflıoglu, 2000. Possibilities of growing sorghum (Sorgum bicolor L. Moench) and sorghum x sudangras (Sorgum bicolor x Sorgum sudanense Stapf.) varieties as second crop. Çukurova University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture 15:1 49-56.
• Zahid, A., A. Khanum., M. Ansar and M.A. Malik. 2012. Effect of cutting and post-cutting intervals on hydrogen cyanide in sorghum forage grown under rain-fed conditions. Pak. J. Bot. 44:3 955-960.