1) Karaman, K. (2016). Beliefs and rituals related to birth, marriage, and death in the ımmigrant uyghur community of Kayseri. Zeitschrift für die Welt der Türken/Journal of World of Turks, 8(3), 103-114.
2) Aydın, R., Korukcu, O., & Kabukcuoğlu, K. (2017). Transitioning to motherhood as an immigrant: risks and barriers. Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 9(3), 250-262.
3) Mete S., (2013). The relationship between stress, hormones and childbirth. Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Nursing Electronic Journal, 6(2), 93-98.
4) Stewart, D. E., Gagnon, A., Saucier, J. F., Wahoush, O., & Dougherty, G. (2008). Postpartum depression symptoms in newcomers. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 53(2), 121-124.
5) Selye H. (1950) The Physiology and Pathology of Exposure to Stress. Oxford Publishing, England.
6) Spielberger C.D.(1985). Assessment of state and trait anxiety: Conceptual and methodological ıssues. The Southern Psychologist, 2,6-16.
7) Oner N. & Le Compte A. (1985). State – Trait Anxiety Inventory Handbook. Istanbul: Boğaziçi University Publications
8) İlknur, M. G., & Terzioğlu, F. (2012). The effect of massage and acupressure used in the management of labor pain on the anxiety level of pregnant women. Ankara Journal of Health Sciences, 1(3), 129-144.
9) Dekel S, Ein-Dor T, Berman Z, Barsoumian I, Agarwal S, Pitman R. (2019) Delivery mode is associated with maternal mental health following childbirth. Arch Womens Ment Health 2019;22(6):817–24.
10) Bahammam, M. A. (2016). Validity and reliability of an Arabic version of the state-trait anxiety inventory in a Saudi dental setting. Saudi Medical Journal, 37(6), 668.
11) Karaman, S., Arıcı, S., Dogru, S., Karaman, T., Tapar, H., Kaya, Z., Gurler Balta, M. (2014). Validation of the Turkish version of the Quality of Recovery-40 questionnaire. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 12(1), 1-6.
12) Terkawi, A. S., Myles, P. S., Riad, W., Nassar, S. N., Mahmoud, M., AlKahtani, G. J., Terkawi, R. S. (2017). Development and validation of Arabic version of the postoperative quality of recovery-40 questionnaire. Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia, 11(Suppl 1), S40.
13) Sultan, P., Kormendy, F., Nishimura, S., Carvalho, B., Guo, N. and Papageorgiou, C. (2020) 'Comparison of spontaneous versus operative vaginal delivery using Obstetric Quality of Recovery-10 (ObsQoR-10): An observational cohort study', Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, 63, 109781.
14) Brinkler, R., & Edwards, M. (2020). The association between primary language and quality of recovery following caesarean section: a prospective observational study. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia, 44, 68-73.
15) Ustun Z., Pasinlioğlu, T., ve Ozkan, H. (2013). Examination of the anxiety levels of pregnant women during labor. Anatolian Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences, 16(2), 110-115.
16) Mete S., Çiçek, O., & Uludağ, E. (2016). Examining the relationship between labor pain and anxiety. Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Nursing Electronic Journal, 9(3), 101-104.
17) Almualem, J., Darwish, A., & AlFaraj, A. (2021). The relationship between language barrier in non-arabic nurses and anxiety in cardiovascular patients: A cross-sectional descriptive study. Journal of Patient Experience, 8, 2374373521989242.
18) Bahl R, Strachan B, Murphy D. (2004) Outcome of subsequent pregnancy three years after previous operative delivery in the second stage of labour: cohort study. BMJ ;328:311.
19) Donmez, S., Yeniel, O. A., & Kavlak, O. (2014). Comparison of state anxiety levels of pregnant women who had vaginal delivery and cesarean section. Gumushane University Journal of Health Sciences, 3(3), 908-920.
20) Singh, U., & Saxena, M. S. (1991). Anxiety during pregnancy and after child birth. Psychological Studies, 36(2), 108–111.
21) Liu, R., Barry, J. E. S., & Weinman, J. (1994). Effects of background stress and anxiety on postoperative recovery. Anaesthesia Journal, 49(5), 382-386.
22) Pearson, S., Maddern, G. J., & Fitridge, R. (2005). The role of pre‐operative state‐anxiety in the determination of intra‐operative neuroendocrine responses and recovery. British Journal of Health Psychology, 10(2), 299-310.
23) Wallace, L. M. (1986). Pre‐operative state anxiety as a mediator of psychological adjustment to and recovery from surgery. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 59(3), 253-261.
The Relationship between Immigrants' Primary Language Learning, Anxiety Levels and Postpartum Recovery
Year 2023,
Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 23 - 31, 28.03.2023
This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between the Turkish proficiency of immigrant women and their postpartum physical complaints, well-being and anxiety levels. A total of 202 people who applied to a private hospital in Istanbul due to birth were included in the study. 56 (28%) of these participants were immigrants and 54 (26%) gave birth naturally. Participants were asked to evaluate physical well-being, complaints, general health, state and trait anxiety, as well as demographic questions, through Turkish and Arabic questionnaires. Obtained findings; It shows that the Turkish language proficiency in terms of immigrants does not cause a difference in the research variables, the variable that causes the difference between the research variables is physical complaints, and this variable is affected by ethnicity and educational status. In addition, it is among the findings obtained as a result of the research that the factors affecting the general health status are state anxiety level and physical well-being.
1) Karaman, K. (2016). Beliefs and rituals related to birth, marriage, and death in the ımmigrant uyghur community of Kayseri. Zeitschrift für die Welt der Türken/Journal of World of Turks, 8(3), 103-114.
2) Aydın, R., Korukcu, O., & Kabukcuoğlu, K. (2017). Transitioning to motherhood as an immigrant: risks and barriers. Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 9(3), 250-262.
3) Mete S., (2013). The relationship between stress, hormones and childbirth. Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Nursing Electronic Journal, 6(2), 93-98.
4) Stewart, D. E., Gagnon, A., Saucier, J. F., Wahoush, O., & Dougherty, G. (2008). Postpartum depression symptoms in newcomers. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 53(2), 121-124.
5) Selye H. (1950) The Physiology and Pathology of Exposure to Stress. Oxford Publishing, England.
6) Spielberger C.D.(1985). Assessment of state and trait anxiety: Conceptual and methodological ıssues. The Southern Psychologist, 2,6-16.
7) Oner N. & Le Compte A. (1985). State – Trait Anxiety Inventory Handbook. Istanbul: Boğaziçi University Publications
8) İlknur, M. G., & Terzioğlu, F. (2012). The effect of massage and acupressure used in the management of labor pain on the anxiety level of pregnant women. Ankara Journal of Health Sciences, 1(3), 129-144.
9) Dekel S, Ein-Dor T, Berman Z, Barsoumian I, Agarwal S, Pitman R. (2019) Delivery mode is associated with maternal mental health following childbirth. Arch Womens Ment Health 2019;22(6):817–24.
10) Bahammam, M. A. (2016). Validity and reliability of an Arabic version of the state-trait anxiety inventory in a Saudi dental setting. Saudi Medical Journal, 37(6), 668.
11) Karaman, S., Arıcı, S., Dogru, S., Karaman, T., Tapar, H., Kaya, Z., Gurler Balta, M. (2014). Validation of the Turkish version of the Quality of Recovery-40 questionnaire. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 12(1), 1-6.
12) Terkawi, A. S., Myles, P. S., Riad, W., Nassar, S. N., Mahmoud, M., AlKahtani, G. J., Terkawi, R. S. (2017). Development and validation of Arabic version of the postoperative quality of recovery-40 questionnaire. Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia, 11(Suppl 1), S40.
13) Sultan, P., Kormendy, F., Nishimura, S., Carvalho, B., Guo, N. and Papageorgiou, C. (2020) 'Comparison of spontaneous versus operative vaginal delivery using Obstetric Quality of Recovery-10 (ObsQoR-10): An observational cohort study', Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, 63, 109781.
14) Brinkler, R., & Edwards, M. (2020). The association between primary language and quality of recovery following caesarean section: a prospective observational study. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia, 44, 68-73.
15) Ustun Z., Pasinlioğlu, T., ve Ozkan, H. (2013). Examination of the anxiety levels of pregnant women during labor. Anatolian Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences, 16(2), 110-115.
16) Mete S., Çiçek, O., & Uludağ, E. (2016). Examining the relationship between labor pain and anxiety. Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Nursing Electronic Journal, 9(3), 101-104.
17) Almualem, J., Darwish, A., & AlFaraj, A. (2021). The relationship between language barrier in non-arabic nurses and anxiety in cardiovascular patients: A cross-sectional descriptive study. Journal of Patient Experience, 8, 2374373521989242.
18) Bahl R, Strachan B, Murphy D. (2004) Outcome of subsequent pregnancy three years after previous operative delivery in the second stage of labour: cohort study. BMJ ;328:311.
19) Donmez, S., Yeniel, O. A., & Kavlak, O. (2014). Comparison of state anxiety levels of pregnant women who had vaginal delivery and cesarean section. Gumushane University Journal of Health Sciences, 3(3), 908-920.
20) Singh, U., & Saxena, M. S. (1991). Anxiety during pregnancy and after child birth. Psychological Studies, 36(2), 108–111.
21) Liu, R., Barry, J. E. S., & Weinman, J. (1994). Effects of background stress and anxiety on postoperative recovery. Anaesthesia Journal, 49(5), 382-386.
22) Pearson, S., Maddern, G. J., & Fitridge, R. (2005). The role of pre‐operative state‐anxiety in the determination of intra‐operative neuroendocrine responses and recovery. British Journal of Health Psychology, 10(2), 299-310.
23) Wallace, L. M. (1986). Pre‐operative state anxiety as a mediator of psychological adjustment to and recovery from surgery. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 59(3), 253-261.
Eren Bana, P., & Kepekçi, A. B. (2023). The Relationship between Immigrants’ Primary Language Learning, Anxiety Levels and Postpartum Recovery. Turkish Journal of Health Science and Life, 6(1), 23-31. https://doi.org/10.56150/tjhsl.1240298