Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis
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Obesity and Hypertension

Year 2019, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 6 - 14, 29.10.2019
https://doi.org/10.46310/tjim.634597

Abstract

Obesity is an important public
health problem with increasing frequency, leading to different comorbidities
including hypertension and can cause mortality. Possible mechanisms that
increase blood pressure in overweight and obese people are renal damage,
activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, insulin resistance,
hyperinsulinemia, sleep apnea syndrome, leptin-melanocortin pathway and genetic
predisposition. Most of these mechanisms stimulate the sympathetic nervous
system. Medical nutrition therapy, lifestyle interventions, medical and/or
surgical antiobesity treatment modalities contribute to the control of blood
pressure via weight loss. Besides antihypertensive medications should be chosen
carefully in overweight and obese patients and drug groups preventing weight
loss should not be preferred if possible. 

References

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Year 2019, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 6 - 14, 29.10.2019
https://doi.org/10.46310/tjim.634597

Abstract

References

  • Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, Casey DE Jr, Collins KJ, Dennison Himmelfarb C, DePalma SM, Gidding S, Jamerson KA, Jones DW, MacLaughlin EJ, Muntner P, Ovbiagele B, Smith SC Jr, Spencer CC, Stafford RS, Taler SJ, Thomas RJ, Williams KA Sr, Williamson JD, Wright JT Jr. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/ PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71(19):e127-e248. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.006.
  • Blüher M. Obesity: global epidemiology and pathogenesis. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2019 Feb 27. doi: 10.1038/s41574-019-0176-8. [Epub ahead of print]
  • Csige I, Ujvárosy D, Szabó Z, Lőrincz I, Paragh G, Harangi M, Somodi S. The Impact of Obesity on the Cardiovascular System. J Diabetes Res. 2018 Nov 4;2018:3407306. doi: 10.1155/2018/3407306.
  • Saydah S, Bullard KM, Cheng Y, Ali MK, Gregg EW, Geiss L, Imperatore G. Trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors by obesity level in adults in the United States, NHANES 1999-2010. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2014 Aug;22(8):1888-95. doi: 10.1002/oby.20761. Epub 2014 Apr 15.
  • Willett WC, Dietz WH, Colditz GA. Guidelines for healthy weight. N Engl J Med. 1999;341(6):427-34.
  • Huang Z, Willett WC, Manson JE, Rosner B, Stampfer MJ, Speizer FE, Colditz GA. Body weight, weight change, and risk for hypertension in women. Ann Intern Med. 1998 Jan 15;128(2):81-8.
  • Field AE, Coakley EH, Must A, Spadano JL, Laird N, Dietz WH, Rimm E, Colditz GA. Impact of overweight on the risk of developing common chronic diseases during a 10-year period. Arch Intern Med. 2001 Jul 9;161(13):1581-6.
  • Türkiye Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Derneği. Obezite Tanı ve Tedavi Kılavuzu 2019. 8. baskı. Ankara: Miki Matbaacılık; 2019: 1-113.
  • Schmieder RE, Messerli FH. Does obesity influence early target organ damage in hypertensive patients? Circulation. 1993;87(5):1482-8.
  • Hall JE, do Carmo JM, da Silva AA, Wang Z, Hall ME. Obesity-induced hypertension: interaction of neurohumoral and renal mechanisms. Circ Res. 2015;116(6):991-1006. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.305697.
  • Sarzani R, Salvi F, Dessì-Fulgheri P, Rappelli A. Renin-angiotensin system, natriuretic peptides, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and hypertension: an integrated view in humans. J Hypertens. 2008 May;26(5):831-43. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e3282f624a0.
  • Seravalle G, Grassi G. Obesity and hypertension. Pharmacol Res. 2017 Aug;122:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.05.013. Epub 2017 May 19.
  • Rahmouni K. Obesity, sympathetic overdrive, and hypertension: the leptin connection. Hypertension. 2010;55(4):844-5. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.148932.
  • do Carmo JM, da Silva AA, Wang Z, Fang T, Aberdein N, Perez de Lara CE, Hall JE. Role of the brain melanocortins in blood pressure regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2017;1863(10 Pt A):2508-14. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.03.003.
  • Tsuboi N, Okabayashi Y, Shimizu A, Yokoo T. The Renal Pathology of Obesity. Kidney Int Rep. 2017 Jan 23;2(2):251-60. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2017.01.007.
  • Punjabi NM. The epidemiology of adult obstructive sleep apnea. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2008 Feb 15;5(2):136-43. doi: 10.1513/pats.200709-155MG.
  • Schwartz AR, Patil SP, Laffan AM, Polotsky V, Schneider H, Smith PL. Obesity and obstructive sleep apnea: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2008 Feb 15;5(2):185-92. doi: 10.1513/pats.200708-137MG.
  • Darouich S, Goucha R, Jaafoura MH, Zekri S, Ben Maiz H, Kheder A. Clinicopathological characteristics of obesity-associated focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Ultrastruct Pathol. 2011;35(4):176-82. doi: 10.3109/01913123.2011.584657.
  • Kambham N, Markowitz GS, Valeri AM, Lin J, D'Agati VD. Obesity-related glomerulopathy: an emerging epidemic. Kidney Int. 2001 Apr;59(4):1498-509.
  • Tsuboi N, Utsunomiya Y, Kanzaki G, Koike K, Ikegami M, Kawamura T, Hosoya T. Low glomerular density with glomerulomegaly in obesity-related glomerulopathy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012 May;7(5):735-41. doi: 10.2215/CJN.07270711.
  • Praga M, Hernández E, Morales E, Campos AP, Valero MA, Martínez MA, León M. Clinical features and long-term outcome of obesity-associated focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2001;16(9):1790-8.
  • Salvatore SP, Chevalier JM, Kuo SF, Audia PF, Seshan SV. Kidney disease in patients with obesity: It is not always obesity-related glomerulopathy alone. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2017 Sep - Oct;11(5):597-606. doi: 10.1016/j.orcp.2017.04.003.
  • Adelman RD, Restaino IG, Alon US, Blowey DL. Proteinuria and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in severely obese adolescents. J Pediatr. 2001;138(4):481-5.
  • Praga M, Hernández E, Andrés A, León M, Ruilope LM, Rodicio JL. Effects of body-weight loss and captopril treatment on proteinuria associated with obesity. Nephron. 1995;70(1):35-41.
  • Fowler SM, Kon V, Ma L, Richards WO, Fogo AB, Hunley TE. Obesity-related focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis: normalization of proteinuria in an adolescent after bariatric surgery. Pediatr Nephrol. 2009;24(4):851-5. doi: 10.1007/s00467-008-1024-6.
  • Kato S, Nazneen A, Nakashima Y, Razzaque MS, Nishino T, Furusu A, Yorioka N, Taguchi T. Pathological influence of obesity on renal structural changes in chronic kidney disease. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2009 Aug;13(4):332-40. doi: 10.1007/s10157-009-0169-3.
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There are 59 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Canan Ersoy 0000-0003-4510-6282

Alparslan Ersoy 0000-0002-0710-0923

Publication Date October 29, 2019
Submission Date October 18, 2019
Acceptance Date October 25, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

EndNote Ersoy C, Ersoy A (October 1, 2019) Obesity and Hypertension. Turkish Journal of Internal Medicine 1 1 6–14.

e-ISSN: 2687-4245 

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