Bitki-Patojen İnteraksiyonlarının Yeni Paradigması: Bitki İmmünolojisi; Temel Kavramlar

Year 2018, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 231 - 243, 29.06.2018

Berna Baş

Abstract

İnsan ve hayvan hastalıklarından doğal korunma ile
ilgili çalışmalar bir kaç asır öncelere kadar uzanmaktadır. Bu yöndeki ilk
adım, İngiliz Edward Jenner (1749-1823) tarafından atılmıştır. Çok uzun
yıllardan beri, bitkilerin mikrobiyel elisitörleri algılama sistemlerine sahip
olduğu bilinse de, immünoloji terimi adı altında bitkilere ait bağışıklık ile
ilgili çalışmalar yaklaşık son 15-20 yıldan beri tasnif edilmiş olup konu ile
ilgili özellikle Türkçe kaynak ve ülkemizde deneysel araştırma çalışması
yeterli düzeyde bulunmamaktadır. İmmünite (rezistanslık-dayanıklılık);
infektiyöz hastalıklardan bireyleri koruyan, doğal olarak meydana gelen savunma
mekanizmasının tamamıdır. Belirli bir mikroorganizmaya karşı vücudun direncidir
şeklinde de ifade edilebilir. Bitkiler; bakteri, fungus, protista, böcek,
vertebra gibi birçok organizmalar için zengin bir besin kaynağıdır. Hayvanlara
benzer immün sistemleri olmasa da, bitkiler yapısal, kimyasal ve istila eden
organizmaları tanımak amacıyla protein yapıda bir dizi mekanizmalar sistemine
sahiptirler, böylece yıkıcı bir zarardan korunmak için zararlıları
durdurabilirler. Karmaşık bir yapıya sahip olan bitki immün sistemini harekete
geçirmek için önce patojen tehdidinin bitki tarafından algılanması gerekir.
Bitkinin bu algılama olaylarını anlamak için öncelikle savunmada rol oynayan ve
patojenden türeyen aracı moleküller ile bitki immün mekanizmasının fazlarının
bilinmesi gerekir. Özellikle bitki immün sisteminin çalışma modelini
kavrayabilmek için, bitki immünitesinin farklı aşamalarını ilgilendiren ve
elisitör molekülleri olan MAMPs, PAMPs, MIMPs, MAMP reseptörü, efektör,
dayanıklılık (R) proteinleri, PRR, ETI, PTI vb terimleri yakından tanımak ve
aralarındaki farkları ortaya koymak amacıyla bu çalışma derlenmiştir. 

Keywords

Bitki immünoloji, Efektör, Rreseptör, Savunma mekanizması

Novel Paradigm of Plant-Pathogen Interactions: Plant Immunity; Basic Concept

Abstract

Research on natural protection of infectious human and
plant diseases extend for a few centuries. British Edward Jenner (1749-1823) is
the pionner in immunology. Although it is known, sight on microbial elicitors
perception of plants, plant immunology concept is classified for 15-20 years,
turkish data and experimental studies related with is insufficient with
regret.  Immunity is total defense
mechanism to infectious diseases to protect body. It can be also defined as is
body resistance to the spesific microorganism. Plants are rich food source for
several organisms such as bacteria, fungi, protist, insect, vertebrate. Even
though there are no animal-like immunity mechanism, plants have a series of
mechanisms encompassing constitutional, chemical and proteinaceous compounds to
detect invading organisms, thus they can cease devastating damage by pests.
Foremost, presence of pathogen has to be perceived by plants, for acitvation of
sophisticated plant immune system. So understanding sensing cases, intermediate
molecules form microorganisms to discriminate self and/or non-self for plants
and phases of immune mechanism is unraveled. In particular, the present review
purposes to identify similarity and differences immune elicitor molecules such
as MAMPs, PAMPs, MIMPs related to distinct phases of plant immunity and to
elucidate events linking MAMP receptor, effector, resistance (R) proteins, PRR,
ETI, PTI etc terms.  

Keywords

Plant immunology, Effector, Receptor, Defense mechanism

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