Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients Diagnosed with Colorectal Cancer: Six-Year Experience

Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 34 - 40, 30.03.2020

Ömer Topdağı , Gülşen Yurttaş

Abstract

Background: Cancer is the second cause of death after cardiovascular disease all over the world. Colorectal cancer, as one of the leading cause of cancer deaths, is the third most common cancer in men and the second most common cancer in women. Determination of the demographic and clinical characteristics of colorectal cancer is critical for early diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Aim: To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with colorectal cancer at medical oncology clinic of Atatürk University.

Study Desing: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: The study was conducted in hospitalised male, and female patients with colorectal cancer admitted to our clinic from 2010 to 2016. Information such as the demographic characteristics (age, sex, etc.) of the patients, the place they live in, the location of the tumor, the results of pathologic evaluation, the stage of the cancer, the presence of metastasis, chemotherapy and radiotherapy were obtained from the hospital automation system and the patient's inpatient and outpatient files. The study included only patients who were diagnosed and followed up in our clinic. Information on survival status and the date of death were reached from Death Notification System.

Results: In our study, 269 patients with colorectal cancer were evaluated. 50.6% of the patients are male, 49.4% female. The mean age was 58.9±14 (29-91) in males and 58.2 ± 14.7 (19-91) in females. 27.9% of patients had a history of smoking whereas 2.2% had a history of alcohol use. The most common subtype was adenocarcinoma (49.4%). The most common site (39.4%) was rectum, and (16.7%) was sigmoid colon. Of the patients, 53.1% were metastatic, and liver metastasis was the most common (44.7%). The most common symptom in patients receiving colorectal cancer was abdominal pain (29%). 32.3% patients underwent palliative surgery. 28.3% patients had comorbid disorder and 4.5% were accompanied by another malignancy. 49.4% of the patients had stage 4, 26% stage 3,  10.8% stage 2,  2.2% stage 1 and  0.4% intramucosal carcinoma. CEA levels were mostly 0-5 ng/Ml (46.1%). CA 9-19 level was mostly 0-40 U/ml (56,5%). Of the patients, 85.5% received chemotherapy and 19% received radiotherapy.

Conclusion: There is no effect of sex, smoking and alcohol use, pathologic typing, tumor location, symptoms of arrival, comorbid disorder at survival. Age, presence of distant metastasis, history of operation, CEA and CA 19-9 levels, chemotherapy and radiotherapy status were found to be effective on survival.

Keywords

Colorectal cancer, demographic and clinical characteristics, survival

References

• 1. Carruba G, Cocciadiferro L, Di Cristina A, Granata OM, Dolcemascolo C, Campisi I, et al. Nutrition, aging and cancer: lessons from dietary intervention studies. Immunity & Ageing. 2016;13(1):1.
• 2. You JJ, Liu Y, Kirby J, Vora P, Moayyedi P. Virtual colonoscopy, optical colonoscopy, or fecal occult blood testing for colorectal cancer screening: results of a pilot randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2015;16(1):296.
• 3. Matsuda T, Ono A, Kakugawa Y, Matsumoto M, Saito Y. Impact of screening colonoscopy on outcomes in colorectal cancer. Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2015;45(10):900-5.
• 4. Mayer RJ. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. In: Fauci B K, Hauser, Longo, Jameson, Loscalzo., editor.: Nobel Tip Kitabevi; 2013. p. 573-8.
• 5. The diagnosis and treatment of peripheral lymphedema: 2013 Consensus Document of the International Society of Lymphology. Lymphology. 2013 Mar;46(1):1-11. PubMed PMID: 23930436. Epub 2013/08/13. eng.
• 6. Parikh RC, Du XL, Morgan RO, Lairson DR. Patterns of Treatment Sequences in Chemotherapy and Targeted Biologics for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Findings from a Large Community-Based Cohort of Elderly Patients. Drugs-Real World Outcomes. 2016:1-14.
• 7. Food N. Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global Perspective World Cancer Research Fund and American Institute for Cancer Research Washington DC. 2007.
• 8. Kanser İstatistikleri. Kanser Dairesi Başkanlığı, Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü, 2017.
• 9. Boyle P, Leon ME. Epidemiology of colorectal cancer. British medical bulletin. 2002;64(1):1-25.
• 10. Haggar FA, Boushey RP. Colorectal cancer epidemiology: incidence, mortality, survival, and risk factors. Clinics in colon and rectal surgery. 2009;22(4):191.
• 11. Özer Ö, Aras, Aras, Karakaş Çelik S, Derici Eker E, Türkmenoğlu MÖ. Investigating Colorectal Cancer SULT1A1 (Sulfotransferases) R213H Polymorphism and Its Rate Through Smoking. Journal of Diseases Colon and Rectum. 2014;24:35-40.
• 12. Buyukdogan M, Boruban MC, Artac M, Demirel S. Frequency of cytochrome 450 (CYP2C9 and CYP2C19) genetic polymorphisms in patients with colorectal carcinoma. International Journal of Hematology and Oncology. 2009;27(4):134-9.
• 13. Türk Toraks Derneği Uyarıyor: Ülkemizde tütün kullanımı yeniden artıyor. Türk Toraks Derneği Kongresi, 2016.
• 14. Buzrul S. Alcohol Consumption in Turkey. Journal of Food And Health Science 2016;2(3):112-22.
• 15. Kocakuşak A, Yaşar MA, Güler N, Görmüş C, Aydın S, Özer E, et al. Kolorektal kanserli 45 ve 45 yaş altı hastaların retrospektif değerlendirilmesi. Haseki Tıp Bülteni. 2011;49:3.
• 16. Özkan ÖF, Kaya Ü, Güner A, Cevizci S, Özkul F, Sezer C, et al. Bir eğitim ve araştırma hastanesinde kolorektal kanser hastalarının demografik dağılımı ve hastalık özellikleri. Pamukkale Tıp Dergisi. 2012;5(3):132-5.
• 17. Özgören E, Kisli E, Aydın M, Aslantürk H, Güler O, Başer M, et al. Kolorektal kanserlerde tedavi yaklaşımlarımız. Van Tıp Dergisi. 2001;8:124-7.
• 18. Kısaoğlu A, Özoğul B, Aköz A, Atamanalp SS, Öztürk G, Yıldırgan Mİ. Obstrüktif kolorektal kanserli hastalarda cerrahi tedavi sonuçları. Dicle Tıp Dergisi. 2013;40(3).19. Sayek İ. Kolorektal karsinomlar. Temel Cerrahi. Ankara: Güneş kitabevi; 1996. p. 1173-7.
• 20. Çayır K, Bilici M, Tekin SB, Emre H, Bilen Y. Evre II-III kolon kanserli hastalarda adjuvan tedavinin yan etki profilinin değerlendirilmesi. Dicle Tıp Dergisi. 2010;37(2).21. Onuk E, Tekin E. Kolon ve rektum kanserleri. Genel Cerrahi Atlas 2000. p. 574-80.
• 22. Mehrkhani F, Nasiri S, Donboli K, Meysamie A, Hedayat A. Prognostic factors in survival of colorectal cancer patients after surgery. Colorectal Disease. 2009;11(2):157-61.
• 23. Kullavanijaya P, Rerknimitr R, Amornrattanakosol J. A retrospective study of colorectal cancer patients in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand= Chotmaihet thangphaet. 2002;85:S85-90.
• 24. Sule A, Mandong B, Iya D. Malignant colorectal tumours: a ten year review in Jos, Nigeria. West African journal of medicine. 2000;20(4):251-5.
• 25. Ruo L, Gougoutas C, Paty PB, Guillem JG, Cohen AM, Wong WD. Elective bowel resection for incurable stage IV colorectal cancer: prognostic variables for asymptomatic patients. Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 2003;196(5):722-8.
• 26. Newland R, Chapuis P, Pheils M, Chir M, Macpherson J. The relationship of survival to staging and grading of colorectal carcinoma: a prospective study of 503 cases. Cancer. 1981;47(6):1424-9.
• 27. Shikhani AH, Matanoski GM, Jones MM, Kashima HK, Johns ME. Multiple primary malignancies in head and neck cancer. Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery. 1986;112(11):1172-9.
• 28. Meyerhardt JA, Mayer RJ, editors. Follow-up strategies after curative resection of colorectal cancer. Seminars in oncology; 2003: Elsevier.