A Comparative Heuristic Optimization Approach for BESS Sizing in Nanogrids

Year 2026, Volume: 21 Issue: 1 , 179 - 194 , 30.03.2026

Onur Turan , Ali Durusu , Recep Yumurtacı

https://doi.org/10.55525/tjst.1764976

https://izlik.org/JA82UB26BH

Abstract

This study focuses on optimizing the capacity of Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) for a nanogrid using three heuristic-based optimization algorithms: Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO), Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The energy management of the nanogrid is modeled in Python using a rule-based approach to minimize energy imports from the grid, followed by the application of these heuristic algorithms to determine the optimal BESS capacity. Simulations conducted as a part of this study revealed the performance characteristics of each algorithm. The GWO algorithm stabilized at 1.85 kW by the 25th iteration. In contrast, the ABC algorithm achieved a rapid increase, reaching 2.14 kW by the 10th iteration and maintaining this level thereafter. The PSO algorithm exhibited a more stable and consistent trajectory, maintaining a capacity of approximately 1.52 kW. The findings highlight the distinct advantages offered by each algorithm in nanogrid energy management. While GWO and ABC excelled in fast convergence and broad search capabilities, PSO demonstrates a more consistent and stable solution. In addressing the complex energy management challenges posed by BESS capacity optimization, the performance of each algorithm is evaluated and compared to determine the most efficient strategy for managing energy storage systems.

Keywords

Nanogrid , Heuristic Optimization , BESS Capacity Optimization

Nanoşebekelerde BESS Boyutlandırması için Karşılaştırmalı Sezgisel Optimizasyon Yaklaşımı

https://izlik.org/JA82UB26BH

Abstract

Bu çalışma, bir nanoşebeke sisteminde Bataryalı Enerji Depolama Sistemi (BESS) kapasitesinin optimizasyonunu üç farklı sezgisel algoritma (Gri Kurt Optimizasyonu-GWO, Yapay Arı Kolonisi-ABC ve Parçacık Sürü Optimizasyonu-PSO) kullanarak incelemektedir. Python'da kural tabanlı bir enerji yönetim modeli geliştirilerek şebekeden elektrik enerjisi alımını minimize etmek amaçlanmış ve her algoritmanın performansı karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Simülasyon sonuçlarına göre GWO algoritması 25. iterasyonda 1.85 kW'da kararlılığa ulaşırken, ABC algoritması 10. iterasyonda 2.14 kW'a hızla ulaşmış ve bu performansı sürdürmüştür. PSO ise yaklaşık 1.52 kW ile optimal sonucu üretmiştir. Çalışma, GWO ve ABC'nin hızlı yakınsama ve geniş arama yetenekleriyle öne çıktığını, PSO'nun ise daha tutarlı çözümler sunduğunu ortaya koyarak nanoşebeke enerji yönetiminde algoritma seçimine yönelik kritik bilgiler sunmaktadır. BESS kapasite optimizasyonunun karmaşıklığı dikkate alındığında, bu araştırma enerji depolama sistemlerinin verimli yönetimi için optimal stratejilerin belirlenmesine önemli katkı sağlamaktadır.

Keywords

Nanoşebeke , sezgisel optimizasyon , bess kapasite optimizasyonu

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