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Effect of Temperature on the Fracture Characteristics of Hot Mix Asphalt Mixtures Using the Semi-Circular Bend (SCB) Test
Abstract
This study investigates the temperature-dependent fracture behavior of hot mix asphalt using the Semi-Circular Bend (SCB) test and nonlinear fracture mechanics principles. SCB specimens prepared from gyratory-compacted mixtures were notched at three depths and tested at four different temperatures (23 °C, 0 °C, -11 °C, and -22 °C). The Two-Parameter Model (TPM), the compliance approach, and the J-integral method were employed to determine nonlinear fracture parameters, including fracture toughness, effective crack length, elastic modulus, and critical crack tip opening displacement (CTODc). Load CMOD curves were analyzed to determine elastic modulus from initial compliance values, while nonlinear fracture toughness was calculated based on equivalent crack length at peak load. Results showed that temperature is the most dominant variable influencing fracture behavior, explaining more than 75% of the observed variation. As the temperature decreased, the elastic modulus and fracture toughness significantly increased, indicating stiff and brittle behavior, whereas higher temperatures led to increased CTODc and more ductile fracture characteristics. The findings demonstrate that nonlinear fracture mechanics and TPM provide reliable and physically meaningful fracture characterization for asphalt mixtures. The outcomes highlight the importance of temperature in pavement fracture performance and confirm that nonlinear fracture approaches are useful tools for performance-based asphalt pavement design, particularly in cold climate regions susceptible to thermal cracking.
Keywords
Supporting Institution
his study was carried out within the scope of the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TUBITAK).
Project Number
123M648
Ethical Statement
There is no conflict of interest with any person/institution in the prepared article.
Thanks
This study was carried out within the scope of the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TUBITAK). We gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by TUBITAK to Research Project 123M648. B.F.Y., R.İ., and M.Y. performed the experiments, interpreted the results, and finally wrote the article together.
References
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- Ince R, Yalcin E, Yilmaz M. Quantifying nonlinear fracture parameters in bituminous SCB specimens: A compliance-based approach. Case Stud. Constr. Mater. 2024; 21: e03437.
- Griffith AA. The phenomena of rupture and flow in solids. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A 1920; 221: 163–198.
- Kaplan MF. Crack propagation and the fracture of concrete. J. Am. Concr. Inst. 1961; 58: 591–610.
- Hillerborg A, Modeer M, Petersson PE. Analysis of crack formation and growth in concrete by means of fracture mechanics and finite elements. Cem. Concr. Res. 1976; 6: 773–782.
- Jenq YS, Shah SP. A two-parameter model for concrete. J. Eng. Mech.–ASCE 1985; 111: 1227–1241.
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Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Transportation Engineering
Journal Section
Research Article
Publication Date
March 30, 2026
Submission Date
November 8, 2025
Acceptance Date
December 12, 2025
Published in Issue
Year 2026 Volume: 21 Number: 1
APA
Yalçın, B. F., İnce, R., & Yılmaz, M. (2026). Effect of Temperature on the Fracture Characteristics of Hot Mix Asphalt Mixtures Using the Semi-Circular Bend (SCB) Test. Turkish Journal of Science and Technology, 21(1), 253-269. https://doi.org/10.55525/tjst.1819998
AMA
1.Yalçın BF, İnce R, Yılmaz M. Effect of Temperature on the Fracture Characteristics of Hot Mix Asphalt Mixtures Using the Semi-Circular Bend (SCB) Test. TJST. 2026;21(1):253-269. doi:10.55525/tjst.1819998
Chicago
Yalçın, Beyza Furtana, Ragip İnce, and Mehmet Yılmaz. 2026. “Effect of Temperature on the Fracture Characteristics of Hot Mix Asphalt Mixtures Using the Semi-Circular Bend (SCB) Test”. Turkish Journal of Science and Technology 21 (1): 253-69. https://doi.org/10.55525/tjst.1819998.
EndNote
Yalçın BF, İnce R, Yılmaz M (March 1, 2026) Effect of Temperature on the Fracture Characteristics of Hot Mix Asphalt Mixtures Using the Semi-Circular Bend (SCB) Test. Turkish Journal of Science and Technology 21 1 253–269.
IEEE
[1]B. F. Yalçın, R. İnce, and M. Yılmaz, “Effect of Temperature on the Fracture Characteristics of Hot Mix Asphalt Mixtures Using the Semi-Circular Bend (SCB) Test”, TJST, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 253–269, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.55525/tjst.1819998.
ISNAD
Yalçın, Beyza Furtana - İnce, Ragip - Yılmaz, Mehmet. “Effect of Temperature on the Fracture Characteristics of Hot Mix Asphalt Mixtures Using the Semi-Circular Bend (SCB) Test”. Turkish Journal of Science and Technology 21/1 (March 1, 2026): 253-269. https://doi.org/10.55525/tjst.1819998.
JAMA
1.Yalçın BF, İnce R, Yılmaz M. Effect of Temperature on the Fracture Characteristics of Hot Mix Asphalt Mixtures Using the Semi-Circular Bend (SCB) Test. TJST. 2026;21:253–269.
MLA
Yalçın, Beyza Furtana, et al. “Effect of Temperature on the Fracture Characteristics of Hot Mix Asphalt Mixtures Using the Semi-Circular Bend (SCB) Test”. Turkish Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 21, no. 1, Mar. 2026, pp. 253-69, doi:10.55525/tjst.1819998.
Vancouver
1.Beyza Furtana Yalçın, Ragip İnce, Mehmet Yılmaz. Effect of Temperature on the Fracture Characteristics of Hot Mix Asphalt Mixtures Using the Semi-Circular Bend (SCB) Test. TJST. 2026 Mar. 1;21(1):253-69. doi:10.55525/tjst.1819998