Research Article

Regime-Aware Deployment Validity of Flow-Based IDS

Volume: 21 Number: 2 September 30, 2026
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Regime-Aware Deployment Validity of Flow-Based IDS

Abstract

Flow-based intrusion detection studies often report strong benchmark scores, but their relevance to future traffic remains uncertain. This paper treats IDS behavior as regime-dependent and proposes an evaluation protocol under temporal shift, family novelty, and combined shift. Flow-only, context-only, selected-context, and full-context XGBoost variants are evaluated on CICIDS2017 and UNSW-NB15 using regime composition, ablations, bootstrap confidence intervals, five-seed sensitivity for corrected family holdouts, diagnostic score distributions, precision–recall analyses, and approximate runtime. CICIDS2017 random-split performance is near perfect, whereas future and family-novel regimes differ sharply. Selected graph-derived context improves Thursday web OOD and combined shift, while full context can reduce transfer. Friday botnet distribution shift and the botnet-family holdout remain severe failures, with zero F1 and recall for several feature sets. In contrast, the record-disjoint UNSW-NB15 Generic/Exploits holdout remains strong for the flow-only model, showing that OOD difficulty is regime-dependent. The results demonstrate that high random-split performance does not establish deployment readiness; temporal evaluation can also mislead when attack-family structure is not separated, and graph-context transfer varies by feature set and operating regime.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Software and Application Security

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

September 30, 2026

Submission Date

May 23, 2026

Acceptance Date

August 5, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 21 Number: 2

APA
Soylu, M. (2026). Regime-Aware Deployment Validity of Flow-Based IDS. Turkish Journal of Science and Technology, 21(2), 449-468. https://doi.org/10.55525/tjst.1957896
AMA
1.Soylu M. Regime-Aware Deployment Validity of Flow-Based IDS. TJST. 2026;21(2):449-468. doi:10.55525/tjst.1957896
Chicago
Soylu, Mücahit. 2026. “Regime-Aware Deployment Validity of Flow-Based IDS”. Turkish Journal of Science and Technology 21 (2): 449-68. https://doi.org/10.55525/tjst.1957896.
EndNote
Soylu M (September 1, 2026) Regime-Aware Deployment Validity of Flow-Based IDS. Turkish Journal of Science and Technology 21 2 449–468.
IEEE
[1]M. Soylu, “Regime-Aware Deployment Validity of Flow-Based IDS”, TJST, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 449–468, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.55525/tjst.1957896.
ISNAD
Soylu, Mücahit. “Regime-Aware Deployment Validity of Flow-Based IDS”. Turkish Journal of Science and Technology 21/2 (September 1, 2026): 449-468. https://doi.org/10.55525/tjst.1957896.
JAMA
1.Soylu M. Regime-Aware Deployment Validity of Flow-Based IDS. TJST. 2026;21:449–468.
MLA
Soylu, Mücahit. “Regime-Aware Deployment Validity of Flow-Based IDS”. Turkish Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 21, no. 2, Sept. 2026, pp. 449-68, doi:10.55525/tjst.1957896.
Vancouver
1.Mücahit Soylu. Regime-Aware Deployment Validity of Flow-Based IDS. TJST. 2026 Sep. 1;21(2):449-68. doi:10.55525/tjst.1957896