Investigation of the Prevalence of Digestive System Parasites in Chickens in the Kirikkale Region

Abstract

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the prevalence of digestive system parasites in free-range chickens in Kırıkkale region. Material-Method: One hundred (100) faecal samples were taken by visiting the poultry houses where domestic chicken breeding was carried out. Care was taken to ensure that the faecal samples were fresh and not in contact with soil. Each faecal sample was separately placed in plastic containers with lids and delivered to Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Routine and Epidemiology laboratory under appropriate conditions. The samples were analysed on the same day by native-lugol and Fülleborn flotation technique and the faecal samples which were positive for Eimeria oocyst were sporulated in potassium dichromate for species identification. Result: Sixty-three of the faecal samples (63%) were found to be infected with one or more parasite eggs/oocysts. Eggs/oocysts of one, two and three different parasite species were detected in 42.9%, 39.7% and 11.1% of the faecal samples, respectively. In this study; Eimeria spp. 13%, Ascaridia spp. 6%, Capillaria spp. 12%, Eimeria spp.+Trichostrongylus tenuis, 3%, Eimeria spp. + Ascaridia spp. 3%, Ascaridia spp. + Capillaria spp. 11%, Ascaridia spp. + Capillaria spp. + Eimeria spp. 3%, Capillaria spp, 4%, Eimeria spp. + Ascaridia spp. + Heterakis spp. 1%, Ascaridia spp. + Capillaria spp. + Trichostrongylus spp, + Trichostrongylus tenuis, 1%, Capillaria spp. + Ascaridia spp. + Heterakis spp. 2%, Ascaridia spp. + Heterakis spp. 2% and Trichostrongylus tenuis 1%. Eimeria spp. oocysts were morphologically identified as E. tenella, E. necatrix, E. brunetti, E. mitis and E. maxima. Conclusion: As a result, it is thought that the parasite rate is high due to the fact that the sampled chickens are free-ranging in the natural environment, parasites are more common during the infective periods of parasites or parasite control and treatment are not performed regularly. In order to reduce the presence of parasite infections that cause yield losses, it is recommended that the animals should have access to clean feed and water sources and regular parasitic control and treatment should be carried out.

Keywords

• Chicken
• Helminth
• Parasite
• Protozoon
• Kırıkkale

References

1. Afolabi OJ, Simon-OkeIA, Olasunkanmi AO. Intestinal parasites of domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) in Akure, Nigeria. J Biomed. 2016; 1(4):e9771.
2. Aslan Ç. Samsun Yöresindeki Tavuklarda Eimeria Türlerinin Real Time PCR ile Araştırılması. [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Kayseri: Erciyes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2017.
3. Aydın A, Göz Y, Değer S. Hakkari merkez köylerinde yetiştirilen tavuklarda dışkı bakılarına göre helmint türlerinin araştırılması. Dicle Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2010; 1(1):8-12.
4. Bhat SA, Khajuria JK, Katoch R, Wani MY, Dhama K. Prevalence of endoparasites in backyard poultry in North Indian region: A performance-based assessment study. AJAVA. 2014; 9(8):479-488.
5. Berhe M, Mekibib B, Bsrat A, Atsbaha G. Gastrointestinal helminth parasites of chicken under different management system in MekelleTown, Tigray Region, Ethiopia. J Vet Med. 2019; Article ID 1307582.
6. Biçek K, Gül A, Değer S. Dışkı bakılarına göre Van’ın Edremit ilçesindeki ev kümeslerinde yetiştirilen tavuklarda helmintfaunası. YYÜ Vet Fak Derg. 2000; 11(2):15-18.
7. Denizhan V, Karakuş A. The prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in domestically farmed chicken in Van, Turkey. Kocatepe Vet J. 2019; 12(4):443-447.
8. Gimba FI, Ola-Fadunsin SD, Abdullah DA, Konto M, Daudu BB, Abubakar D. Prevalence of ecto and endo parasites of chickens in some villages in Taraba state, North-Eastern Nigeria. Livest Res Rural Dev. 2019; 31:50.

9. Huang Y, Ruan X, Li L, Zeng, M. Prevalence of Eimeria species in domestic chickens in Anhui province, China. Parasit Dis. 2017; 41(4):1014-1019.
10. Jedege OJ, Asadu IA, Opara M, Obeta SS, Olayemi, DO.Gastrointestinal parasitism in local and exotic breeds of chickens reared in Gwagwalada Guinea Savannah zone of Nigeria. Sokoto J VetSci. 2015; 13(3):25-30.
11. Kaboudi, K, Umar S, Munir MT. Prevalence of coccidiosis in free-range chicken in Sidi Thabet, Tunisia. Scientifica. 2016; Article ID 7075195.
12. Kumar S, Garg R, Ram H, Maurya, PS, Banerjee PS. Gastrointestinal parasitic infections in chickens of upper gangetic plains of India with special reference to poultry coccidiosis. J Parasit Dis. 2015; 39(1):22-26.
13. Köse M, Kırcalı Sevimli F, Küpeli Kozan E, Sert Çiçek H. Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in chickens in Afyonkarahisar district, Turkey. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2009; 15(3):411-416.
14. Nabinejad A, NoamanV. Gastrointestinal parasites of native chickens (Gallusdomesticus) in two climates of the center of Iran- Isfahan. Vet Res Bio Product. 2019; 124:124-131.
15. Nnadi PA, George, SO. A cross-sectional survey on parasites of chickens in selected villages in the subhumid zones of South-Eastern Nigeria. J Parasitol Res. 2010; Article ID 141824.
16. Orunç Ö, Biçek K.Van yöresi tavuklarında paraziter fauna tespiti. Türkiye Parazitol Derg. 2009; 33(2):162-164.
17. Sial N, Shahzad MI, Lashari MH et al.Prevalence of endoparasites in chickens (broiler) of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Wulfenia. 2015; 22 (3): 58-85.
18. Silva JT, Alvares FBV, Oliveira CSM, et al. Prevalence of endo parasites by microscopic analysis in free-range chickens in a Brazilian semiarid region. Braz J Vet Parasitol. 2022; 31(4):e010722.
19. Temesigen WM, Fentahun WM, Anuar N. Prevalence of coccidiosis in backyard chicken in and around Debere Tabere Town, South Gondar Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. Cohesive J Microbiol Infect Dis. 2018; 1(5).
20. Tosun U. Free-Range Üretim Koşullarında Köy Tavuğu ve Ticari Yumurtacı Tavukların Yumurta Verim Performanslarının Belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Bursa: Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2022.
21. Ünlü H. Aydın Yöresinde Ev Kümeslerinde Yetiştirilen Tavuklarda Helmint Faunası. Doktora Tezi. Aydın: Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2012.
22. Win SY, HtunLL, Hmoon MM et al. Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in free-ranging village chickens from four townships of Myanmar. Veterinary Scien Res Review. 2020; 6(1):1-6.
23. Wondimu A, Bayu Y, Mohammed D. Gastrointestinal parasites of chickens managed under different production systems in selected areas of East Hararghe, Ethiopia. EAJVAS. 2019; 3(2):69-76.
24. Ybañez RHD, Resuelo KJG, Kintanar APM, Ybañez AP. Detection of gastrointestinal parasites in small-scale poultry layer farms in Leyte, Philippines, Vet World. 2018; 11(11):1587-1591.