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Year 2018, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 28 - 31, 24.12.2018

Abstract

References

  • REFERENCESReferences 1 Amaral VF, Teva A, Oliveira-Neto MP, et al. Study of the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of attenuated and killed Leishmania (Leishmania) major vaccines in a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) model of the human disease. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2002; 97(7): 1041-1048.
  • References 2 Arrivillaga J, Rodriguez J , Oviedo M. Preliminary evaluation of maggot (Diptera: Calliphoridae) therapy as a potential treatment for leishmaniasis ulcers. Biomedica 2008; 28(2): 305-310.
  • References 3 Aslan H, Oliveira F, Meneses C, et al. New Insights Into the Transmissibility of Leishmania infantum From Dogs to Sand Flies: Experimental Vector-Transmission Reveals Persistent Parasite Depots at Bite Sites. J Infect Dis 2016; 213(11): 1752-1761.
  • References 4 Bakirci S, Bilgic HB, Kose O, et al. Gerbils, As Experimental Animals (Meriones unguiculatus): Is A Good Role Model for Leishmania major? Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2015; 39(3): 212-217.
  • References 5 Barroso PA, Marco JD, Locatelli FM, et al. Visceral Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania infantum in Salta, Argentina: Possible Reservoirs and Vectors. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 93(2): 334-339.
  • References 6 Cassia-Pires R, Boite MC, D'Andrea PS, et al. Distinct Leishmania species infecting wild caviomorph rodents (Rodentia: Hystricognathi) from Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8(12): e3389.
  • References 7 Corpas-Lopez V, Merino-Espinosa G, Lopez-Viota M, et al. Topical Treatment of Leishmania tropica Infection Using (-)-alpha-Bisabolol Ointment in a Hamster Model: Effectiveness and Safety Assessment. J Nat Prod 2016; 79(9): 2403-2407.
  • References 8 Costa DJ, Carvalho RM, Abbehusen M, et al. Experimental infection of dogs with Leishmania and saliva as a model to study Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis. PLoS One 2013; 8(4): e60535.
  • References 9 Cruz-Chan JV, Aguilar-Cetina Adel C, Villanueva-Lizama LE, et al. A canine model of experimental infection with Leishmania (L.) mexicana. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7: 361.
  • References 10 Cruz-Saavedra L, Diaz-Roa A, Gaona MA, et al. The effect of Lucilia sericata- and Sarconesiopsis magellanica-derived larval therapy on Leishmania panamensis. Acta Trop 2016; 164: 280-289.
  • References 11 de Souza C, Calabrese KDS, Abreu-Silva AL, et al. Leishmania amazonensis isolated from human visceral leishmaniasis: histopathological analysis and parasitological burden in different inbred mice. Histol Histopathol 2018: 11965.
  • References 12 Eberhardt E, Mondelaers A, Hendrickx S, et al. Molecular detection of infection homogeneity and impact of miltefosine treatment in a Syrian golden hamster model of Leishmania donovani and L. infantum visceral leishmaniasis. Parasitol Res 2016; 115(10): 4061-4070.
  • References 13 Francesquini FC, Silveira FT, Passero LF, et al. Salivary gland homogenates from wild-caught sand flies Lutzomyia flaviscutellata and Lutzomyia (Psychodopygus) complexus showed inhibitory effects on Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis infection in BALB/c mice. Int J Exp Pathol 2014; 95(6): 418-426.
  • References 14 Freidag BL, Mendez S, Cheever AW, et al. Immunological and pathological evaluation of rhesus macaques infected with Leishmania major. Exp Parasitol 2003; 103(3-4): 160-168.
  • References 15 Garg R , Dube A. Animal models for vaccine studies for visceral leishmaniasis. Indian J Med Res 2006; 123(3): 439-454.
  • References 16 Gönül R, Arun SS, Dodurka T , Handemir E. Bir Köpekte Leishmania infantum Olgusu. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 2010; 26: 689-694.
  • References 17 Hanafi HA, El-Din el SM, El-Hossary SS, et al. Experimental acquisition, development, and transmission of Leishmania tropica by Phlebotomus duboscqi. Acta Trop 2013; 125(1): 37-42.
  • References 18 Hosein S, Rodriguez-Cortes A, Blake DP, et al. Transcription of Toll-Like Receptors 2, 3, 4 and 9, FoxP3 and Th17 Cytokines in a Susceptible Experimental Model of Canine Leishmania infantum Infection. PLoS One 2015; 10(10): e0140325.
  • References 19 İça A. Köpeklerde Leishmaniosis. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg 2004; 1(2): 119-124.
  • References 20 JL DELC, Venuto Moura AP, Franca-Silva JC, et al. Experimental mixed infection of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and Leishmania (L.) infantum in hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Parasitology 2017; 144(9): 1191-1202.
  • References 21 Kaabi B , Zhioua E. Modeling and comparative study of the spread of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis from Northern to Central Tunisia. Acta Trop 2018; 178: 19-26.
  • References 22 Limoncu ME, Erac B, Gurpinar T, et al. Investigation of in vitro antileishmanial activity of moxifloxacin, linezolid and caspofungin on Leishmania tropica promastigotes. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2013; 37(1): 1-3.
  • References 23 Lopes EG, Seva AP, Ferreira F, et al. Vaccine effectiveness and use of collar impregnated with insecticide for reducing incidence of Leishmania infection in dogs in an endemic region for visceral leishmaniasis, in Brazil. Epidemiol Infect 2018: 1-6.
  • References 24 Loria-Cervera EN , Andrade-Narvaez FJ. Animal models for the study of leishmaniasis immunology. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2014; 56(1): 1-11.Mears ER, Modabber F, Don R , Johnson GE. A Review: The Current In Vivo Models for the Discovery and Utility of New Anti-leishmanial Drugs Targeting Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9(9): e0003889.
  • References 25 Moreira N, Vitoriano-Souza J, Roatt BM, et al. Clinical, hematological and biochemical alterations in hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) experimentally infected with Leishmania infantum through different routes of inoculation. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9: 181.
  • References 26 Mutiso JM, Macharia JC , Gicheru MM. Immunization with Leishmania vaccine-alum-BCG and montanide ISA 720 adjuvants induces low-grade type 2 cytokines and high levels of IgG2 subclass antibodies in the vervet monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops) model. Scand J Immunol 2012; 76(5): 471-477.
  • References 27 Mutiso JM, Macharia JC, Taracha E , Gicheru MM. Leishmania donovani whole cell antigen delivered with adjuvants protects against visceral leishmaniasis in vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops). J Biomed Res 2012; 26(1): 8-16.
  • References 28 Mutiso JM, Macharia JC, Taracha E, et al. Safety and skin delayed-type hypersensitivity response in vervet monkeys immunized with Leishmania donovani sonicate antigen delivered with adjuvants. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2012; 54(1): 37-41.
  • References 29 Nevatte TM, Ward RD, Sedda L , Hamilton JGC. After infection with Leishmania infantum, Golden Hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) become more attractive to female sand flies (Lutzomyia longipalpis). Sci Rep 2017; 7(1): 6104.
  • References 30 Ozkeklikci A, Karakus M, Ozbel Y , Toz S. The new situation of cutaneous leishmaniasis after Syrian civil war in Gaziantep city, Southeastern region of Turkey. Acta Trop 2017; 166: 35-38.
  • References 31 Pandya S, Verma RK, Khare P, et al. Supplementation of host response by targeting nitric oxide to the macrophage cytosol is efficacious in the hamster model of visceral leishmaniasis and adds to efficacy of amphotericin B. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2016; 6(2): 125-132.
  • References 32 Petitdidier E, Pagniez J, Papierok G, et al. Recombinant Forms of Leishmania amazonensis Excreted/Secreted Promastigote Surface Antigen (PSA) Induce Protective Immune Responses in Dogs. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10(5): e0004614.
  • References 33 Polat E, Cakan H, Aslan M, et al. Detection of anti-leishmanial effect of the Lucilia sericata larval secretions in vitro and in vivo on Leishmania tropica: first work. Exp Parasitol 2012; 132(2): 129-134.
  • References 34 Polat E , Kutlubay Z. [Four cutaneous leishmaniosis case resistant to meglumine antimoniate treatment]. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2014; 38(3): 177-180.
  • References 35 Ribeiro JG, Ferreira AS, Macedo SRA, et al. Evaluation of vaccinal effectiveness of preparations containing membrane antigens of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis model. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 47: 227-230.
  • References 36 Roatt BM, Aguiar-Soares RD, Reis LE, et al. A Vaccine Therapy for Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis Promoted Significant Improvement of Clinical and Immune Status with Reduction in Parasite Burden. Front Immunol 2017; 8: 217.
  • References 37 Rouault E, Lecoeur H, Meriem AB, et al. Imaging visceral leishmaniasis in real time with golden hamster model: Monitoring the parasite burden and hamster transcripts to further characterize the immunological responses of the host. Parasitol Int 2017; 66(1): 933-939.
  • References 38 Sanei-Dehkordi A, Khamesipour A, Akbarzadeh K, et al. Anti Leishmania activity of Lucilia sericata and Calliphora vicina maggots in laboratory models. Exp Parasitol 2016; 170: 59-65.
  • References 39 Sarkari B, Mohseni M, Moein MR, Shahriarirad R , Asgari Q. Effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Echinacea purpurea in combination with meglumine antimoniate on treatment of Leishmania major-induced cutaneous leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2017; 7(1): 53-56.
  • References 40 Soosaraei M, Fakhar M, Hosseini Teshnizi S, Ziaei Hezarjaribi H , Banimostafavi ES. Medicinal plants with promising antileishmanial activity in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2017; 21: 63-80.
  • References 41 Svobodova M, Volf P , Votypka J. Experimental transmission of Leishmania tropica to hyraxes (Procavia capensis) by the bite of Phlebotomus arabicus. Microbes Infect 2006; 8(7): 1691-1694.
  • References 42 Svobodova M , Votypka J. Experimental transmission of Leishmania tropica to hamsters and mice by the bite of Phlebotomus sergenti. Microbes Infect 2003; 5(6): 471-474.
  • References 43 Svobodova M, Votypka J, Nicolas L , Volf P. Leishmania tropica in the black rat (Rattus rattus): persistence and transmission from asymptomatic host to sand fly vector Phlebotomus sergenti. Microbes Infect 2003; 5(5): 361-364.
  • References 44 Torres-Guerrero E, Quintanilla-Cedillo MR, Ruiz-Esmenjaud J , Arenas R. Leishmaniasis: a review. F1000Res 2017; 6: 750.
  • References 45 Tripathi CD, Kushawaha PK, Sangwan RS, et al. Withania somnifera chemotype NMITLI 101R significantly increases the efficacy of antileishmanial drugs by generating strong IFN-gamma and IL-12 mediated immune responses in Leishmania donovani infected hamsters. Phytomedicine 2017; 24: 87-95.
  • References 46 Tsakmakidis I, Angelopoulou K, Dovas CI, et al. Leishmania infection in rodents in Greece. Trop Med Int Health 2017; 22(12): 1523-1532.
  • References 47 Yamamoto ES, Campos BL, Jesus JA, et al. The Effect of Ursolic Acid on Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis Is Related to Programed Cell Death and Presents Therapeutic Potential in Experimental Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. PLoS One 2015; 10(12): e0144946.
  • References 48 Yaman M. Tatarcıklarla Mücadele ve Bu Alandaki Son Gelişmeler. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi 2008; 32(3): 280-287.
  • References 49 Yazar S, Kuk S, Miman Ö , Saygı G. Saygı'nın Temel Tıbbi Parazitoloji'si. Kayseri, Erciyes Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2016.

What is the best animal model for leishmaniasis studies?

Year 2018, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 28 - 31, 24.12.2018

Abstract

Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease which has
worldwide importance and is hard to control and treat. Researchers have not yet
developed a protective vaccine for humans in the light of current studies.
Various experimental animal models are being used since; i) Leishmania has
different species and vectors, ii) there are still many clinical, pathological
and immunological issues that have to be investigated, iii) new non-toxic
medical recipes to have maximum yield in a short time have to be investigated,
iv) protective vaccination have to be developed. Mouse, hamster, dog, rodent,
and non-human primates are among these animal models. None of them has the same
clinical features, pathogenesis and immunology with the disease in human.
However, rodents, dogs, and monkeys, which are the last host of the parasite,
are among the most preferred models in recent days. Considering the different
clinical forms of the disease, it is best to decide which Leishmania species to
work with which animal. This review is intended to guide the researchers in
choosing an appropriate animal model for leishmaniasis studies.

References

  • REFERENCESReferences 1 Amaral VF, Teva A, Oliveira-Neto MP, et al. Study of the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of attenuated and killed Leishmania (Leishmania) major vaccines in a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) model of the human disease. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2002; 97(7): 1041-1048.
  • References 2 Arrivillaga J, Rodriguez J , Oviedo M. Preliminary evaluation of maggot (Diptera: Calliphoridae) therapy as a potential treatment for leishmaniasis ulcers. Biomedica 2008; 28(2): 305-310.
  • References 3 Aslan H, Oliveira F, Meneses C, et al. New Insights Into the Transmissibility of Leishmania infantum From Dogs to Sand Flies: Experimental Vector-Transmission Reveals Persistent Parasite Depots at Bite Sites. J Infect Dis 2016; 213(11): 1752-1761.
  • References 4 Bakirci S, Bilgic HB, Kose O, et al. Gerbils, As Experimental Animals (Meriones unguiculatus): Is A Good Role Model for Leishmania major? Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2015; 39(3): 212-217.
  • References 5 Barroso PA, Marco JD, Locatelli FM, et al. Visceral Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania infantum in Salta, Argentina: Possible Reservoirs and Vectors. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 93(2): 334-339.
  • References 6 Cassia-Pires R, Boite MC, D'Andrea PS, et al. Distinct Leishmania species infecting wild caviomorph rodents (Rodentia: Hystricognathi) from Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8(12): e3389.
  • References 7 Corpas-Lopez V, Merino-Espinosa G, Lopez-Viota M, et al. Topical Treatment of Leishmania tropica Infection Using (-)-alpha-Bisabolol Ointment in a Hamster Model: Effectiveness and Safety Assessment. J Nat Prod 2016; 79(9): 2403-2407.
  • References 8 Costa DJ, Carvalho RM, Abbehusen M, et al. Experimental infection of dogs with Leishmania and saliva as a model to study Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis. PLoS One 2013; 8(4): e60535.
  • References 9 Cruz-Chan JV, Aguilar-Cetina Adel C, Villanueva-Lizama LE, et al. A canine model of experimental infection with Leishmania (L.) mexicana. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7: 361.
  • References 10 Cruz-Saavedra L, Diaz-Roa A, Gaona MA, et al. The effect of Lucilia sericata- and Sarconesiopsis magellanica-derived larval therapy on Leishmania panamensis. Acta Trop 2016; 164: 280-289.
  • References 11 de Souza C, Calabrese KDS, Abreu-Silva AL, et al. Leishmania amazonensis isolated from human visceral leishmaniasis: histopathological analysis and parasitological burden in different inbred mice. Histol Histopathol 2018: 11965.
  • References 12 Eberhardt E, Mondelaers A, Hendrickx S, et al. Molecular detection of infection homogeneity and impact of miltefosine treatment in a Syrian golden hamster model of Leishmania donovani and L. infantum visceral leishmaniasis. Parasitol Res 2016; 115(10): 4061-4070.
  • References 13 Francesquini FC, Silveira FT, Passero LF, et al. Salivary gland homogenates from wild-caught sand flies Lutzomyia flaviscutellata and Lutzomyia (Psychodopygus) complexus showed inhibitory effects on Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis infection in BALB/c mice. Int J Exp Pathol 2014; 95(6): 418-426.
  • References 14 Freidag BL, Mendez S, Cheever AW, et al. Immunological and pathological evaluation of rhesus macaques infected with Leishmania major. Exp Parasitol 2003; 103(3-4): 160-168.
  • References 15 Garg R , Dube A. Animal models for vaccine studies for visceral leishmaniasis. Indian J Med Res 2006; 123(3): 439-454.
  • References 16 Gönül R, Arun SS, Dodurka T , Handemir E. Bir Köpekte Leishmania infantum Olgusu. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 2010; 26: 689-694.
  • References 17 Hanafi HA, El-Din el SM, El-Hossary SS, et al. Experimental acquisition, development, and transmission of Leishmania tropica by Phlebotomus duboscqi. Acta Trop 2013; 125(1): 37-42.
  • References 18 Hosein S, Rodriguez-Cortes A, Blake DP, et al. Transcription of Toll-Like Receptors 2, 3, 4 and 9, FoxP3 and Th17 Cytokines in a Susceptible Experimental Model of Canine Leishmania infantum Infection. PLoS One 2015; 10(10): e0140325.
  • References 19 İça A. Köpeklerde Leishmaniosis. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg 2004; 1(2): 119-124.
  • References 20 JL DELC, Venuto Moura AP, Franca-Silva JC, et al. Experimental mixed infection of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and Leishmania (L.) infantum in hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Parasitology 2017; 144(9): 1191-1202.
  • References 21 Kaabi B , Zhioua E. Modeling and comparative study of the spread of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis from Northern to Central Tunisia. Acta Trop 2018; 178: 19-26.
  • References 22 Limoncu ME, Erac B, Gurpinar T, et al. Investigation of in vitro antileishmanial activity of moxifloxacin, linezolid and caspofungin on Leishmania tropica promastigotes. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2013; 37(1): 1-3.
  • References 23 Lopes EG, Seva AP, Ferreira F, et al. Vaccine effectiveness and use of collar impregnated with insecticide for reducing incidence of Leishmania infection in dogs in an endemic region for visceral leishmaniasis, in Brazil. Epidemiol Infect 2018: 1-6.
  • References 24 Loria-Cervera EN , Andrade-Narvaez FJ. Animal models for the study of leishmaniasis immunology. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2014; 56(1): 1-11.Mears ER, Modabber F, Don R , Johnson GE. A Review: The Current In Vivo Models for the Discovery and Utility of New Anti-leishmanial Drugs Targeting Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9(9): e0003889.
  • References 25 Moreira N, Vitoriano-Souza J, Roatt BM, et al. Clinical, hematological and biochemical alterations in hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) experimentally infected with Leishmania infantum through different routes of inoculation. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9: 181.
  • References 26 Mutiso JM, Macharia JC , Gicheru MM. Immunization with Leishmania vaccine-alum-BCG and montanide ISA 720 adjuvants induces low-grade type 2 cytokines and high levels of IgG2 subclass antibodies in the vervet monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops) model. Scand J Immunol 2012; 76(5): 471-477.
  • References 27 Mutiso JM, Macharia JC, Taracha E , Gicheru MM. Leishmania donovani whole cell antigen delivered with adjuvants protects against visceral leishmaniasis in vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops). J Biomed Res 2012; 26(1): 8-16.
  • References 28 Mutiso JM, Macharia JC, Taracha E, et al. Safety and skin delayed-type hypersensitivity response in vervet monkeys immunized with Leishmania donovani sonicate antigen delivered with adjuvants. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2012; 54(1): 37-41.
  • References 29 Nevatte TM, Ward RD, Sedda L , Hamilton JGC. After infection with Leishmania infantum, Golden Hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) become more attractive to female sand flies (Lutzomyia longipalpis). Sci Rep 2017; 7(1): 6104.
  • References 30 Ozkeklikci A, Karakus M, Ozbel Y , Toz S. The new situation of cutaneous leishmaniasis after Syrian civil war in Gaziantep city, Southeastern region of Turkey. Acta Trop 2017; 166: 35-38.
  • References 31 Pandya S, Verma RK, Khare P, et al. Supplementation of host response by targeting nitric oxide to the macrophage cytosol is efficacious in the hamster model of visceral leishmaniasis and adds to efficacy of amphotericin B. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2016; 6(2): 125-132.
  • References 32 Petitdidier E, Pagniez J, Papierok G, et al. Recombinant Forms of Leishmania amazonensis Excreted/Secreted Promastigote Surface Antigen (PSA) Induce Protective Immune Responses in Dogs. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10(5): e0004614.
  • References 33 Polat E, Cakan H, Aslan M, et al. Detection of anti-leishmanial effect of the Lucilia sericata larval secretions in vitro and in vivo on Leishmania tropica: first work. Exp Parasitol 2012; 132(2): 129-134.
  • References 34 Polat E , Kutlubay Z. [Four cutaneous leishmaniosis case resistant to meglumine antimoniate treatment]. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2014; 38(3): 177-180.
  • References 35 Ribeiro JG, Ferreira AS, Macedo SRA, et al. Evaluation of vaccinal effectiveness of preparations containing membrane antigens of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis model. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 47: 227-230.
  • References 36 Roatt BM, Aguiar-Soares RD, Reis LE, et al. A Vaccine Therapy for Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis Promoted Significant Improvement of Clinical and Immune Status with Reduction in Parasite Burden. Front Immunol 2017; 8: 217.
  • References 37 Rouault E, Lecoeur H, Meriem AB, et al. Imaging visceral leishmaniasis in real time with golden hamster model: Monitoring the parasite burden and hamster transcripts to further characterize the immunological responses of the host. Parasitol Int 2017; 66(1): 933-939.
  • References 38 Sanei-Dehkordi A, Khamesipour A, Akbarzadeh K, et al. Anti Leishmania activity of Lucilia sericata and Calliphora vicina maggots in laboratory models. Exp Parasitol 2016; 170: 59-65.
  • References 39 Sarkari B, Mohseni M, Moein MR, Shahriarirad R , Asgari Q. Effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Echinacea purpurea in combination with meglumine antimoniate on treatment of Leishmania major-induced cutaneous leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2017; 7(1): 53-56.
  • References 40 Soosaraei M, Fakhar M, Hosseini Teshnizi S, Ziaei Hezarjaribi H , Banimostafavi ES. Medicinal plants with promising antileishmanial activity in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2017; 21: 63-80.
  • References 41 Svobodova M, Volf P , Votypka J. Experimental transmission of Leishmania tropica to hyraxes (Procavia capensis) by the bite of Phlebotomus arabicus. Microbes Infect 2006; 8(7): 1691-1694.
  • References 42 Svobodova M , Votypka J. Experimental transmission of Leishmania tropica to hamsters and mice by the bite of Phlebotomus sergenti. Microbes Infect 2003; 5(6): 471-474.
  • References 43 Svobodova M, Votypka J, Nicolas L , Volf P. Leishmania tropica in the black rat (Rattus rattus): persistence and transmission from asymptomatic host to sand fly vector Phlebotomus sergenti. Microbes Infect 2003; 5(5): 361-364.
  • References 44 Torres-Guerrero E, Quintanilla-Cedillo MR, Ruiz-Esmenjaud J , Arenas R. Leishmaniasis: a review. F1000Res 2017; 6: 750.
  • References 45 Tripathi CD, Kushawaha PK, Sangwan RS, et al. Withania somnifera chemotype NMITLI 101R significantly increases the efficacy of antileishmanial drugs by generating strong IFN-gamma and IL-12 mediated immune responses in Leishmania donovani infected hamsters. Phytomedicine 2017; 24: 87-95.
  • References 46 Tsakmakidis I, Angelopoulou K, Dovas CI, et al. Leishmania infection in rodents in Greece. Trop Med Int Health 2017; 22(12): 1523-1532.
  • References 47 Yamamoto ES, Campos BL, Jesus JA, et al. The Effect of Ursolic Acid on Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis Is Related to Programed Cell Death and Presents Therapeutic Potential in Experimental Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. PLoS One 2015; 10(12): e0144946.
  • References 48 Yaman M. Tatarcıklarla Mücadele ve Bu Alandaki Son Gelişmeler. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi 2008; 32(3): 280-287.
  • References 49 Yazar S, Kuk S, Miman Ö , Saygı G. Saygı'nın Temel Tıbbi Parazitoloji'si. Kayseri, Erciyes Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2016.
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Veterinary Surgery
Journal Section 2018 Volume 2 Number 2
Authors

Şerife Akküçük

Özlem Makbule Kaya

Mehmet Yaman

Publication Date December 24, 2018
Submission Date May 3, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Akküçük, Ş., Kaya, Ö. M., & Yaman, M. (2018). What is the best animal model for leishmaniasis studies?. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research, 2(2), 28-31.
AMA Akküçük Ş, Kaya ÖM, Yaman M. What is the best animal model for leishmaniasis studies?. TJVR. December 2018;2(2):28-31.
Chicago Akküçük, Şerife, Özlem Makbule Kaya, and Mehmet Yaman. “What Is the Best Animal Model for Leishmaniasis Studies?”. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research 2, no. 2 (December 2018): 28-31.
EndNote Akküçük Ş, Kaya ÖM, Yaman M (December 1, 2018) What is the best animal model for leishmaniasis studies?. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research 2 2 28–31.
IEEE Ş. Akküçük, Ö. M. Kaya, and M. Yaman, “What is the best animal model for leishmaniasis studies?”, TJVR, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 28–31, 2018.
ISNAD Akküçük, Şerife et al. “What Is the Best Animal Model for Leishmaniasis Studies?”. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research 2/2 (December 2018), 28-31.
JAMA Akküçük Ş, Kaya ÖM, Yaman M. What is the best animal model for leishmaniasis studies?. TJVR. 2018;2:28–31.
MLA Akküçük, Şerife et al. “What Is the Best Animal Model for Leishmaniasis Studies?”. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research, vol. 2, no. 2, 2018, pp. 28-31.
Vancouver Akküçük Ş, Kaya ÖM, Yaman M. What is the best animal model for leishmaniasis studies?. TJVR. 2018;2(2):28-31.